变拓扑柔性多体系统接触碰撞动力学研究

在实际工程领域中存在着大量接触碰撞等非连续动力学问题,现有的解决柔性多体系统连续动力学过程的建模理论与方法,已经无法解决或无法很好解决这些问题.本文基于变拓扑思想,提出了附加接触约束的柔性多体系统碰撞动力学建模理论;通过设计柔性圆柱杆接触碰撞实验,验证了所提出附加约束接触碰撞模型的有效性;针对柔性多体系统全局动力学仿真面临时间和空间的多尺度问题,提出多变量的离散方法,从而提高了柔性多体系统非连续动力学的仿真效率.     

多体系统动力学数值解法

多体系统动力学研究的主要内容动力学建模与数值解法是多体系统动力学研究的主要内容之一。对多体系统动力学方程及其动力学数值解法的研究成果进行了较为全面的阐述。多体系统动力学及动力学方程进行了简单的归纳和总结,多体系统动力学数值求解,特别是刚柔耦合多体系统微分／代数方程的数值解法等研究热点进行了详细的阐述,并简要展望了多体系统动力学数值解法今后的发展趋势,为多体系统动力学计算机仿真奠定了基础。     

多体系统动力学软件技术

本文根据凯恩－休斯顿多体系统动力学理论,开发了一套计算机分析软件,重点描述了该软件的实现技术,最后给出了例题计算。     

考虑刚-柔-热耦合的板结构多体系统的动力学建模

对热载荷作用下中心刚体与大变形薄板多体系统的动力学建模问题进行研究.基于Kirchhoff假设,从格林应变和曲率与绝对位移的非线性关系式出发,推导了非线性广义弹性力阵,用绝对节点坐标法建立了大变形矩形薄板的有限元离散的动力学变分方程.为了考虑刚体姿态运动、弹性变形和温度变化的相互耦合作用,推导了热流密度与绝对节点坐标之间的关系式.引入系统的运动学约束方程,建立了中心刚体-矩形板多体系统的考虑刚-柔-热耦合的热传导方程和带拉格朗日乘子的第一类拉格朗日动力学方程.为了有效地提高计算效率,将改进的中心差分法和广义-α法相结合,求解热传导方程和动力学方程,差分后的方程通过牛顿迭代法耦合求解.对刚-柔耦合和刚-柔-热三者耦合两种模型的仿真结果进行比较表明,刚体运动对温度梯度和热变形的影响显著.此外,本文建模方法考虑了几何非线性项,因此也考虑了热膨胀引起的轴向变形对横向变形的影响.     

多体系统多点碰撞接触问题的数值求解方法

多体系统多点接触碰撞问题可以归结为一个将系统的动力学方程与并协性约束方程相结合的问题.针对这样一个含并协性条件的混合方程组,建立了基于 LCP 格式的包含碰撞/接触问题的多刚体系统动力学分析框架,提出了一种基于步长评价准则的变时间步长的数值求解策略,实现了无摩擦情况下多刚体系统多点接触碰撞问题的数值算法.最后给出了数值算例,验证了算法的有效性.     

萤火虫算法求解多体系统动力学微分-代数方程

针对多体系统动力学微分-代数方程求解问题,研究基于萤火虫算法的求解方法.首先将广义坐标和广义速度进行Lagrange插值,结合Gauss数值积分方法,将微分-代数方程求解问题转化成求解最优化问题.然后用萤火虫算法对问题进行优化求解.最后,通过对平面双连杆机械臂的多体系统仿真实验,验证了萤火虫算法在求解动力学方程中既保持...     

微型雷达多柔体系统滞后特性

针对某微型雷达反射镜伺服系统,将影响微型雷达精度的关键部件设为柔性体,并根据实际要求添加约束和运动关系,利用MSC Adams和MSC Nastran软件对其进行多体动力学仿真,以研究正弦角位移运动函数和梯形角速度运动函数作用下电动机轴与译码器轴两端的滞后角度特性规律.研究表明,柔性体弹性振动的存在使第1电动机轴与第1译码器轴之间产生滞后现象;滞后角度的最大值与运动函数的周期和幅值均有关,并呈现非线性规律;在函数周期和幅值相同的情况下,梯形角速度运动函数所产生滞后角度的最大值明显小于正弦角位移运动函数;由于梯形角速度运动函数在加速段、匀速段和减速段频率不一致,因此会引发运动中的多谐波干扰和多模态振动等问题.     

刚柔耦合系统动力学研究进展

首先简要回顾了柔性多体系统动力学前期研究的3个阶段．针对传统零次近似模型的缺陷提出了新的建模理论,并在新的一次近似耦合模型的基础上,就“动力刚化”问题和刚柔耦合动力学问题中的离散化方法与实验等方面进行研究;研制了供理论研究和动力学现象揭示的实验平台．文中对所取得的研究成果进行介绍．文末对今后的研究方向进行了展望．     

机械多体系统动力学可视化仿真方法研究

应用低序体阵列描述多体系统拓扑构型,采用AutoDesk公司的MechanicalDeskTop(MDT)建立三维几何模型,使用AVI数字视频压缩对多体系统的运动过程进行可视化处理,实现多体系统动力学可视化仿真,采用面向对象的程序设计方法,开发了集成化的软件系统MDAS。该系统可者多体系统动力学计算机、数据处理和多体系统可视化仿真,最后,以带有太阳帆板的复杂卫星系统为例,对MDAS软件的合理性,有效性和正确性进行了分析验证。     

哑铃型航天器刚-柔耦合动力学建模与仿真分析

为满足深空探测的需求,需要构建一种全新的哑铃型航天器.由于构型和质量分布的差异,传统\"中心刚体+柔性附件\"动力学模型将不再适用,因此必须针对该构型建立一种高效准确的动力学模型.本文基于小变形假设,利用浮动坐标法,采用多体系统动力学单向递推组集方法,建立了哑铃型航天器的刚-柔耦合动力学模型.该模型考虑了哑铃型航天器的轨道-姿态-变形之间的耦合效应,保留了全部变形高次耦合项.通过采用本文方法建立的\"刚体-桁架-刚体\"模型和已有的两种哑铃型航天器模型,对典型算例进行动力学仿真和比较.仿真结果表明,本文模型很好地反映了哑铃型航天器的刚-柔耦合动力学特性,末端物体的转动惯量将会影响系统的动力学响应,不能简单忽略.本研究将为哑铃型航天器的总体设计,特别是控制规律的设计,提供重要的技术支持.     

大范围运动柔性机械臂斜碰撞动力学分析

对作大范围运动柔性机械臂系统,进行斜碰撞动力学分析.基于柔性多体系统刚柔耦合动力学理论,计入耦合变形项,全面考虑大范围刚体运动与弹性小变形运动的耦合,建立系统连续动力学方程.引入斜碰撞力学模型,将法向和切向碰撞力以广义力的形式加入动力学方程中,对系统进行斜碰撞动力学建模分析.法向碰撞模型选取基于连续接触力法的非线性弹簧阻尼模型,切向碰撞模型选取一种修正Coulomb摩擦模型,对切向摩擦力进行统一描述.给出接触、分离判据,实现不同状态的动力学模型转换与求解.对斜碰撞全局动力学进行了仿真验证,分析了柔性机械臂全局过程的动力学特性变化以及碰撞对大范围运动和小变形运动的作用,并对比了不同碰撞方向对大范围运动、变形、机械能、碰撞力等动力学参数的影响.     

Analysis of Flexible Multibody Systems with Intermittent Contacts

This paper is concerned with the dynamic analysis of flexible,nonlinear multibody systems undergoing intermittent contacts. Contact isassumed to be of finite duration, and the forces acting between thecontacting bodies which can be either rigid or deformable are explicitlycomputed during simulation. The modeling of contact consists of threeparts: a number of holonomic constraints that define the candidatecontact points on the bodies, a unilateral contact condition which istransformed into a holonomic constraint by the addition of a slackvariable, and a contact model which describes the relationship betweenthe contact force and the local deformation of the contacting bodies.This work is developed within the framework of energy preserving anddecaying time integration schemes that provide unconditional stabilityfor nonlinear, flexible multibody systems undergoing intermittentcontacts.     

土壤碰撞问题的刚-散耦合动力学分析

本文以探测器着陆行星土壤为背景,对土壤碰撞问题进行刚-散耦合动力学建模与仿真分析研究.结合离散元方法和多体动力学方法,对半球壳装置土壤跌落问题进行耦合动力学仿真.通过与实验结果及有限元仿真结果对比,验证所采用离散元方法的有效性.分析了颗粒场中颗粒尺寸、恢复系数、静摩擦系数等参数,对碰撞中物体和颗粒场的碰撞加速度、碰撞持续时间、振动波形等动力学响应的影响.本研究将拓展对刚-散耦合动力学问题的理论认识,为探测器着陆系统的设计提供技术支持.     

A Continuous Analysis Method for Planar Multibody Systems with Joint Clearance

Clearance from manufacturing tolerances or wear is likely to degrade the dynamic performance of connected machine parts. When joint clearance is introduced, the dynamic response of the mechanical system is substantially changed, seen as high acceleration and force peaks and dissipation of energy. Looking at contact models, the simpler ones, such as the linear Kelvin–Voigt or the nonlinear Hertz model, are characterized by a set of parameters. These include material parameters, coefficient of restitution and possibly a coefficient of friction. The analysis models can be divided into two groups – continuous and dis-continuous, related to whether integration is carried out through the period of contact, or stopped and restarted after the impact.Based on the equations of motion for a multibody system of rigid bodies, it is suggested that the continuous analysis approach is combined with a contact force model to describe joint clearance in rotational joints. Performing simulations with this methodology allows not only to quantify the overall mechanism behaviour, but also in-depth analysis of the impact mechanics in the clearance joint. Experimental data from a double pendulum impacting a rigid plate is used to verify the suggested continuous analysis method.     

Task-level approaches for the control of constrained multibody systems

This paper presents a task-level control methodology for the general class of holonomically constrained multibody systems. As a point of departure, the general formulation of constrained dynamical systems is reviewed with respect to multiplier and minimization approaches. Subsequently, the operational space framework is considered and the underlying symmetry between constrained dynamics and operational space control is discussed. Motivated by this symmetry, approaches for constrained task-level control are presented which cast the general formulation of constrained multibody systems into a task space setting using the operational space framework. This provides a means of exploiting task-level control structures, native to operational space control, within the context of constrained systems. This allows us to naturally synthesize dynamic compensation for a multibody system, that properly accounts for the system constraints while performing a control task. A set of examples illustrate this control implementation. Additionally, the inclusion of flexible bodies in this approach is addressed.     

基于遗传算法的空间伸展臂展开过程优化控制

针对空间伸展臂展开过程建立多体系统动力学模型,并以控制力为变量建立优化控制模型,通过最优控制力的选取,使空间伸展臂得以平稳、快速展开.为了避免基于梯度的优化方法在寻找最优控制力过程中大量复杂的灵敏度计算,采用遗传算法进行全局寻优.同时,优化迭代过程中动力学方程采用高阶变分数值积分方法求解,具有更高的稳定性.最后,以剪叉式空间伸展臂为例,利用遗传算法对其展开过程进行优化控制.     

Finite Element Method in Dynamics of Flexible Multibody Systems: Modeling of Holonomic Constraints and Energy Conserving Integration Schemes

In this work we discuss an application of the finite elementmethod to modeling of flexible multibody systems employing geometricallyexact structural elements. Two different approaches to handleconstraints, one based on the Lagrange multiplier procedure and anotherbased on the use of release degrees of freedom, are examined in detail.The energy conserving time stepping scheme, which is proved to be wellsuited for integrating stiff differential equations, gouverning themotion of a single flexible link is appropriately modified and extendedto nonlinear dynamics of multibody systems.     

含干摩擦多体系统Lagrange方程的数值算法

利用第一类Lagrange方程建立了固定约束面含干摩擦的多体系统动力学方程,将摩擦力的广义力用矩阵形式描述．利用增广法。将微分-代数方程转换成常微分方程,并用矩阵形式给出,提高了计算效率．最后用算例说明该方法的有效性．     

Optimization of a contact surface

The paper introduces ideas from shape optimization to multibody system dynamics. A disk rolling down a given slope is taken as a simple example, for which it is the goal of the optimization to shape the rolling contour of the disk such that it takes a minimum time to cover a certain distance. The shape of the contour is described by its radius of curvature. The governing equations of motion result from the kinematics of relative motion and the Newton–Euler formalism. Three different kinds of spirals are defined and optimized.