欠驱动水面船舶运动控制研究综述

针对欠驱动水面船舶运动控制的发展状况,将其归类为镇定控制,航迹跟踪和编队控制3个专题.从σ-变换法,齐次法,反步法,自动靠泊控制等方面剖析了镇定控制专题;从输出反馈,状态反馈,输出重定义,级联方法,船舶运动数学模型等方面剖析了航迹跟踪专题中的轨迹跟踪和路径跟踪问题;从行为控制方法,引导者跟随方法,虚拟结构方法等方面剖析了编队控制专题.最后,对该领域的进一步研究方向作了几点展望.

     

船舶编队航行中的补给控制

研究了船舶编队的航行补给控制问题,将其归结为补给船舶与船舶编队的同步航迹跟踪控制问题.运用李亚普诺夫稳定性理论,提出了一种能克服风、浪及洋流等海洋环境干扰的补给船舶非线性自适应PD(比例—微分)航迹跟踪控制方法.以图论和一致性算法为基础,设计了补给船舶的航迹控制器,解决了通信限制条件下的补给船舶与船舶编队的同步控制问题.仿真结果证明了所设计的控制方法的正确性及有效性.     

基于领导跟随的欠驱动船舶编队跟踪控制

针对具有三自由度欠驱动水面船舶编队控制问题,提出一种基于领导跟随 ( Leader /Follower) 结构的欠驱动水面船舶队形跟踪控制方法。当系统接收到队形控制指令, 每个欠驱动水面船舶按照自己在编队中的角色进行控制,其中Leader 根据任务中的队形指令 完成航迹跟踪控制,而Followers 则依据Leader 的信息和航行中任务中的队形指令完成航迹跟 踪控制。在航迹跟踪控制中,根据期望队形任务指令为每个船舶设计需要跟踪的参考路径和 速度指令; 基于Lyapunov 理论和重定义输出方法设计非线性速度控制器和路径跟踪控制器跟 踪设计路径和速度指令; 稳定性分析证明了队形跟踪误差是一致最终稳定的。仿真结果表明 船舶可以跟踪任意期望曲线队形,从而验证了方法的有效性。     

一类增长率依赖输出的非线性系统的输出反馈输出跟踪控制

研究一类增长率依赖输出非线性系统的输出反馈输出跟踪控制问题.利用系统结构特点,构造出系统实现输出跟踪时内部状态的渐近轨迹.通过建立状态与渐近轨迹偏差的动态方程,将输出跟踪问题转化为偏差系统的镇定问题,然后通过设计偏差系统的输出反馈镇定控制器给出输出反馈输出跟踪控制器.最后以仿真实例验证本文结论.     

风浪流干扰及参数不确定欠驱动船舶航迹跟踪的滑模鲁棒控制

针对欠驱动船舶的模型参数不确定和外界风浪流干扰问题,为实现水平面的航迹跟踪控制,提出了一种基于上下界的滑模控制方法.首先利用反步法将控制器的设计分解为运动学回路和动力学回路.其次,在运动学回路中为实现位置跟踪误差的收敛,根据期望航迹与当前位置信息,设计船舶的纵向与侧移参考速度,并视为镇定位置误差的虚拟控制律;在动力学回路中,将虚拟控制律作为新的跟踪目标,利用滑模方法设计实际控制律实现对参考速度的跟踪控制,最终实现了欠驱动船舶的跟踪控制.最后对有无干扰下的欠驱动船模分别进行了仿真实验,仿真结果证明了控制律的有效性.     

欠驱动船舶的运动规划和全局指数跟踪控制

针对目前欠驱动船舶航迹跟踪控制难以实现跟踪任意可行航迹问题,提出一种运动规划方法。利用多项式拟合,并结合船舶动力学模型,通过离散期望点规划出操作性可实现的全部期望姿态。同时,为实现欠驱动船舶的航迹快速跟踪控制,提出一种全局指数航迹跟踪控制律。引入微分同胚变换,建立两个级联的子系统构成的航迹跟踪误差动态方程;基于反步法的设计原理,运用Lyapunov直接方法对变换后的误差系统设计了全局指数航迹跟踪控制律。仿真结果验证了所提出的全局指数航迹跟踪控制律能够有效实现跟踪任意可行航迹。     

自治飞艇动力学建模及反馈控制

在Kirchhoff方程和Newton-Euler理论基础上,推导出一种通用符合实际的、带有气囊和压块的飞艇六自由度动力学模型,并对该模型实施了状态量和控制量的非线性反馈变换,同时利用最小相位系统特性,构造飞艇反馈线性化动力学系统.在此基础上,分别研究了飞艇在纵向平面内的平衡飞行可行性和稳定性,以及平衡航迹的镇定和期望输出的跟踪.仿真结果和样机试飞都验证了理论分析的正确性和可靠性.     

基于DMC的微小型无人直升机航迹跟踪

微小型无人直升机的航迹跟踪需要在克服模型不确定性的同时保持良好的控制精度和动态性能。提出了航迹跟踪的动态矩阵控制(DMC)方法,通过在线优化、反馈校正抑制不确定性的影响。将系统经姿态环和速度环镇定后作为广义对象,设计了DMC控制器,并对DMC参数进行了整定。半实物仿真实验证明,采用DMC方法后,系统具有较好的动态响应,航迹跟踪效果明显改善。     

基于广义预测控制的船舶编队

针对多船舶之间的编队合作问题,对船舶的编队控制进行研究。利用广义预测控制方法在船舶运行中对理想路径曲线进行预测,得出船舶的运动控制策略;通过运用领导-跟随者编队方法,在Cartesian坐标系下建立船舶编队控制模型,基于这种模型建立一系列船舶航迹约束,得到船队跟随者成员的控制策略。同时在船舶运行过程中,加入风浪的扰动,进行模拟仿真,得到船队的运行轨迹。     

基于观测器的受扰多项式系统H∞输出跟踪控制

考虑一类受到外部扰动影响的多项式系统在状态不完全可测情况下的H_∞输出跟踪控制问题.首先,综合前馈-反馈复合控制思想,设计基于观测器的输出跟踪控制器,其中反馈镇定控制器用于保证闭环系统稳定,前馈补偿控制器用以实现对参考模型输出信号的跟踪;然后,提出具有输出反馈结构的跟踪控制方法,其优势在于实现了分离原则,可单独设计观测器和控制器,降低计算复杂度;接着,利用依赖全状态的齐次多项式Lyapunov函数导出使得闭环系统渐近稳定且满足H_∞跟踪性能的充分条件,借助多项式平方和凸优化技术可直接求得相应的观测器和控制器;最后,通过数值仿真实例验证所提出设计方法的有效性和优越性.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate