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1.
基于MODIS的黄土高原土地荒漠化动态监测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以2001年和2009年8月MODIS卫星影像为数据源,基于归一化植被指数和像元二分原理,通过建立科学的荒漠化土地分类系统,对黄土高原地区近8 a的荒漠化土地进行了动态变化监测,分析了2个时期荒漠化土地的空间分布特征和面积变化情况。结果表明:黄土高原荒漠化土地面积整体呈明显的减少态势,但类型转化结构表明荒漠化土地强度却处于不断发展阶段。8 a间,极重度荒漠化土地面积增加了16.53 km2,增长率为28.36%,重度和中度荒漠化土地面积均有不同程度减少,分别减少了1.2×104 km2和7.0×104 km2,变化率分别为32.97%和29.19%;分别有9.0×104 km2和1.2×104 k2的轻度和潜在荒漠化土地转化为其他类型荒漠化土地,并分别增加了9.3×103 km2和7.3×104 km2,增长率分别为4.2%和57.3%。发展区面积为1.9×105 km2,稳定区面积为4.0×105 km2,逆转区面积为2.8×104 km2,发展区面积比逆转区面积大1.6×105 km2,表明黄土高原环境质量不断下降,荒漠化强度不断扩张的趋势。  相似文献   

2.
无人机遥感影像覆盖范围广,难以区分建筑区域与背景区域,导致无人机遥感影像建筑区域测量结果可靠性下降;以解决这一问题作为研究目标,提出了一种基于并联卷积神经网络的无人机遥感影像建筑区域测量方法;获取无人机遥感影像,通过静态输出、图像融合、去雾等环节完成遥感影像预处理;构建并联卷积神经网络,通过网络训练传播提取预处理后无人机遥感影像建筑区域边缘特征,经过特征匹配实现无人机遥感影像中建筑区域识别,结合面积计算结果得到建筑区域的测量结果;经过精度性能测试实验得出结论,在有雾和无雾环境下所提方法与传统区域测量方法相比的建筑区域测量误差分别降低了0.505 km2和0.305 km2,说明该方法的测量结果可靠性更高,可以广泛应用在无人机遥感影像建筑区域测量领域。  相似文献   

3.
基于遥感的祖厉河流域土地分类及其分布空间分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以陇西黄土高原的祖厉河流域为研究区,利用1993和2007年两期TM影像数据对研究区土地利用类型进行分类,在此基础上结合数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)、多年平均降水量的空间分布数据,利用地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析方法,重点分析坡耕地、林地和草地的气候特征空间与地形特征空间,研究得出:①14 a内研究区大约有 214.82 km2坡耕地被治理,但2007年仍有145.08 km2处于临界坡度以上。②林地大致分布在降水量386~517 mm之间,14 a内人工林地有所增多。③在人为活动的干扰下,草地的覆盖度普遍降低。植被的恢复和重建是流域治理的切入点,该项研究目的为退耕还林还草提供科学支撑,服务于建立祖厉河流域生态系统的良性循环。  相似文献   

4.
轨道交通影响下的北京公交出行就业可达性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鉴于国内大都市微观单元公交出行就业可达性研究少,采用微观单元空间数据和网络分析法,测算地铁影响下北京公交出行就业可达性,探讨轨道交通对大都市就业可达性的影响特征。结果显示,首先,北京公交出行等时圈呈现网络状扩展,可达时间由中心向外围梯度增长,高密度公交线路对地铁网络等时圈具有"放大效应"。其次,四环以内可达性整体水平高,且北部地区地铁站点周边形成高可达性区域,五环以外区域整体可达性依然较低。第三,新增可达性区域呈现围绕地铁站点的同心圆格局,并且集中于四环以内。新建地铁网络对旧地铁线路可达性有"放大效应",尤其是枢纽站点。最后,通过公共交通组合出行模式和公共交通公众查询系统可提高外围区域可达性。  相似文献   

5.
西宁和拉萨城市作为青藏高原人类活动的热点地区,其发展历程对青藏高原社会经济发展具有重要影响。研究基于遥感影像、城市规划图和历史地图等资料重建了西宁和拉萨城市1949基准年、1978基准年、1990年、2000年、2010年和2018年城市扩展及2000年以来城市不透水层和绿地空间组分数据,分析了1949基准年以来西宁和拉萨主城区城市扩展的时空特征,揭示了社会经济因素和政策因素对城市土地利用/覆盖变化的影响。研究结果表明:①新中国成立以来,西宁和拉萨主城区持续扩展,均呈现非线性的增长态势,城市土地面积分别从1949基准年的1.98 km2和1.10 km2增长到2018年的79.26 km2和77.04 km2;西宁主城区城市扩展呈现十字状的扩展态势,拉萨呈现出圈层外延式的扩展模式;②自2000年来,西宁和拉萨城市绿化水平显著提升。2000~2018年,西宁和拉萨城市不透水层面积分别从36.91 km2和21.56 km2增加到55.34 km2和48.21 km2,城市绿地空间面积分别从10.78 km2和8.48 km2增加到19.21 km2和20.35 km2,年均扩展速度分别为0.47 km2/a和0.66 km2/a;主城区城市不透水层比例分别从74.09%和66.21%下降到69.82%和62.58%,城市绿地空间比例从21.64%和26.05%上升到24.24%和26.41%;③西宁和拉萨城市人口增长、经济发展和国家相关政策与主城区城市扩展及其土地利用/覆盖变化密切相关,主城区城市扩展阶段与人口增长、经济发展阶段以及国家相关政策实施时间接近吻合。主城区土地利用/覆盖变化与城市规划相关政策高度相关,尤其是园林绿化建设,显著增加了城市绿地空间面积,城市绿地空间面积比例较2000年显著提升。  相似文献   

6.
基于Landsat TM/ETM+及OLI遥感影像,对喜马拉雅山西段杰纳布流域冰川面积进行提取,对冰川时空分布特征及其变化分析,并结合周边气象台站及CRU再分析资料气温、降水量资料对研究区冰川变化原因进行讨论。结果表明:①1993~2016年杰纳布流域冰川面积萎缩了164.56±161.72 km2,占总面积的5.78%,年均萎缩率为0.25±0.25 %·a-1,且在2000年后加快萎缩;②杰纳布流域冰川在各个朝向和海拔带上均呈萎缩趋势,其中S朝向冰川面积萎缩率最大,占研究区冰川萎缩总面积的24.35%; 4 600~4 800 m和4 800~5 000 m两个海拔高度带冰川面积近23 a分别减少了29.93 km2和30.91 km2,占流域冰川面积萎缩总量的17.72%和18.30%;③1993~2016年杰纳布流域共有28条冰川末端发生不同程度的前进现象;④对狮泉河和Srinagar气象站及CRU再分析资料气温、降水量变化分析表明,1993~2016年该区域年均气温呈显著上升是杰纳布流域冰川萎缩的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
以Landsat遥感影像为数据源,利用面向对象和决策树方法获得多期土地覆被数据;以此为基础,分析了1990~2015年吉林省西部耕地变化与旱田水田转化特征及驱动因素。结果表明:1990~2015年期间,吉林省西部耕地面积增加了2159.33 km2,增速逐渐变缓。旱田面积在1990~2000和2000~2010年期间有小幅增加,但在2010~2015年期间呈减少趋势。水田面积持续扩张,25年间增加了1139.39 km2(51.7%),旱田净转化为水田的面积不断增加,1990~2000年为69.13 km2,2000~2010年为156.19 km2,2010~2015年为288.27 km2。人口和经济的增长是导致耕地面积迅速增长的主要原因,影响水田面积扩张和旱田向水田转化的驱动因素有:科技进步、水利设施建设、政策倾向和利益驱动。最后提出了吉林省西部地区耕地保护的建议,为区域农业生产和生态建设提供科学借鉴。  相似文献   

8.
以干旱区典型的条带状且末绿洲为例,采用1973年MSS、1991年TM、2001年和2008年ETM+遥感影像为数据源,结合野外考察数据,选择适宜的分类指标体系,对遥感图像进行了监督分类,并获得了研究区土地利用/覆盖转移矩阵。 研究结果表明:近35 a 来耕地面积一直呈现出增加的趋势,增加了105.32 km2,耕地面积的增加量主要是由草地和林地的转化而来,是增加最快的土地利用类型;林地和草地面积一直呈逐渐减少的趋势,其中减少最多的土地类型是林地,减少了69.459 km2,林地面积的减少是由于林地转移草地、水体和耕地的比例超过草地转移林地的比例所致;草地面积减少了63.093 km2,主要是由一部分草地转移耕地、未利用地而引起;水域面积总体上有增加趋势,增加了22.073 km2,主要由草地和未利用地转移水体而引起;未利用地变化幅度不大,有缓慢增加的趋势,增加5.093 km2。  相似文献   

9.
以Landsat遥感影像为数据源,利用面向对象和决策树方法获得多期土地覆被数据;以此为基础,分析了1990~2015年吉林省西部耕地变化与旱田水田转化特征及驱动因素。结果表明:1990~2015年期间,吉林省西部耕地面积增加了2159.33 km2,增速逐渐变缓。旱田面积在1990~2000和2000~2010年期间有小幅增加,但在2010~2015年期间呈减少趋势。水田面积持续扩张,25年间增加了1139.39 km2(51.7%),旱田净转化为水田的面积不断增加,1990~2000年为69.13 km2,2000~2010年为156.19 km2,2010~2015年为288.27 km2。人口和经济的增长是导致耕地面积迅速增长的主要原因,影响水田面积扩张和旱田向水田转化的驱动因素有:科技进步、水利设施建设、政策倾向和利益驱动。最后提出了吉林省西部地区耕地保护的建议,为区域农业生产和生态建设提供科学借鉴。  相似文献   

10.
基于OMI对流层NO2柱浓度产品研究了2005~2015年中国及各省(市、区)NO2时空变化及影响因素:①中国对流层NO2柱浓度2005~2009年波动较小,2010~2011年升幅较大,2012年较2011年有所下降,2013年与2012年持平,2014、2015年持续大幅下降;②中国NO2高浓度分布面积11年来变化显著,五级高浓度分布面积2005~2011年呈显著上升趋势,2011年面积最大为37.2万km2;2011~2013年波动较小;2014~2015年呈直线下降趋势,2015年降低到6.1万km2;③上海、天津两市对流层NO2柱浓度处于五级高浓度水平,其中上海是中国浓度最高的城市,山东是中国浓度最高的省;④对流层NO2柱浓度的变化与第二产业生产总值相关性很大,需要调整优化产业结构降低第二产业比重才能得到改善;长期依赖燃煤高污染的能源结构也是导致NO2浓度居高不下的一个重要原因,亟需开发新能源以替代煤燃料等各种办法;机动车保有量快速增加,汽车标准及油品跟不上国际发展水平,导致NO2排放量大增。  相似文献   

11.
利用Landsat TM、OLI多光谱卫星遥感数据,采用VIS(植被-不透水层-土壤)模型和线性光谱混合分析法对丝绸之路经济带核心区乌鲁木齐建城区及其周边进行丰度估算,并针对红色彩钢板屋顶在不透水层丰度图像上低亮度特点,进行改进处理,提高了不透水层丰度估算精度。研究结果表明:1994~2018年的24年间乌鲁木齐市不透水层呈现出显著扩展的特点,其面积从140.41 km2扩大到462.62 km2;扩展速率在1994~2005年间缓慢上升,2005年之后迅速上升;扩展强度先上升,2010~2015年达到最大,之后出现下降;同时,城市不透水层的空间扩展具有明显差异,向西和东北方向扩展最为显著。综合分析指出:乌鲁木齐城市不透水层的空间扩展受到周边山体地形和煤矿开采等因素的限制,而“乌昌一体化”政策是城市扩展的主要助力因素。  相似文献   

12.
The method of linear spectral mixture analysis combined with V-I-S model(Vegetation-Imperious surface-Soil) is used to estimate the impervious surface abundance of Urumqi city, which is in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt, using Landsat OLI and TM multi-spectral data. Because the red color steel shed has low brightness on the impervious surface brightness image, an improvement was proposed, and then verify the accuracy through the interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery. The results show that: the impervious surface area in Urumqi displayed a significant expansion from 140.41 km2 to 462.62 km2 during past 24 years (1994 to 2018). It expanded slowly during 1994 to 2005, and increased rapidly since 2005. The expansion intensity increased during 1994~2015 and decreased after 2015; and the spatial expansion of urban impervious surface is significantly different, with the largest expansion area in the west and northeast direction. The comprehensive analyses suggested that the expansion of the impervious surface of Urumqi city is limited by the surrounding mountain topography and coal mining, and the “Urumqi-Changji integration” policy is the major driving factor for urban expansion in the past 24 years.  相似文献   

13.
基于DEM数据,利用中心像元与相邻8个像元模型计算了位于陕西境内的秦岭腹地地表面积,结果表明:①秦岭陕西段地表面积为75224.67 km^2,与垂直投影面积61641.27 km^2相比增加了22.04%;②秦岭陕西段地表面积与垂直投影差异与海拔的关系呈类抛物线趋势,海拔高度为2000 m时二者的差异达最大;③与垂直投影面积相比,秦岭陕西段低山、中高山以及亚高山面积分别由19258.34 km^2、33654.18 km^2、3789.32 km^2增加到21559.88 km^2、39836.85 km^2、4480.92 km^2,增长比例分别为11.9%、18.4%与18.3%;④秦岭陕西段不同土地利用类型的地表面积与投影面积均存在差异,未利用地地表面积与垂直投影面积的差异最大,达34.4%,林地次之,差异为27.7%,再次是草地,差异为22.4%左右,农田、其他林地、水域、居民地与工矿用地的地表面积与投影面积的差异较小,依次为12.5%、8.5%、5.4%和2.5%。  相似文献   

14.
Based on DEM of Qinling Mountains, used the model of the center cell and the adjacent eight cells, we calculated the surface area of Shaanxi section Qinling Mountains. The results shows that: (1) The surface area of Shaanxi section Qinling Mountains is 75 224.67 km2, which is an increase of 22.04% from the vertical projection area;(2)The relation between the difference of surface area and vertical projection area and elevation is parabolic. The altitude of 2 000 meters is the area with the largest difference between the surface area and the vertical projection area in Shaanxi section Qinling mountains;(3)Compared with the vertical projection area, the area of low mountains, medium mountains and submountains in Shaanxi section of the Qinling mountains increased by 2 301.54 km2, 6 181.67 km2 and 691.60 km2 respectively, with the growth rate of 10.68%, 18.37% and 18.25% respectively.(4)The difference between the surface area and the vertical projection area is various in different land use types. Not using land is the largest, the difference is 34%. The second is forest land which the difference is 28%, and the lawn is approximately 20%. Difference is small in farmland, other forest land, water and residents and industrial land, which is 12%, 8%, 5% and 8% in turn.  相似文献   

15.
The Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC) and soil wind erosion intensity of the Beijing\|Tianjin sandstorm source control project region were monitored by remote sensing.The spatial and temporal patterns of LUCC and soil wind erosion in the project region were analyzed.The results showed that there was significant difference in LUCC and soil erosion intensity before and after the project was implemented.In the recent 30 years,the LUCC process mainly manifested the change from cultivated land reclamation to ecological conversion of farmland to forest and grass,with the ecological restoration and desertification effectively inhibited.The overall arable land showed an increase and then decreased.The area of arable land increased from 2000 to 2015,the area of cultivated land converted to forest and grassland was 446.10 km2 and 1 129.32 km2,with the most obvious in the west;the area of land for construction expanded obviously;the trend of unutilized land decreased significantly The type of conversion is dominated by grassland conversion to grassland with an area of 493.12 km2.The erosion-mitigating modulus of soil erosion in the project region with wind-blown sand control decreased overall,especially after the implementation of ecological engineering (p<0.001).The eastern and southern areas are covered with high-coverage grassland and soil wind erosion in the area with the main type is small;Soil wind erosion in the Hunshandake sandy land is larger,but the overall trend is decreasing.Different land use/cover types have a greater impact on soil wind erosion intensity.The order of soil wind erosion modulus is Sandy land> Sparse grass> Moderate grass>dryland> Shrub>Paddy>Dense grass> Other woods> Sparse woods> Forest;The conversion of low coverage to high coverage grassland types effectively inhibited soil erosion (-66.12%),and the increase of vegetation coverage effectively reduced soil erosion.The soil wind erosion increased (58.26%) in the surrounding area of sandy area,the soil wind erosion increasedduring the conversion process of low coverage grassland type,and the grassland was converted into sand,and the wind erosion in the dry land increased.  相似文献   

16.
Timely and accurately acquisition of the area and spatial distribution of greenhouse in the agricultural regions using remote sensing technique is a novel solution,which would be valuable for the local authorities taking measures to adjust regional agricultural structure and to prevent and control environmental pollution.In this study,the nearest neighbor method based on object\|oriented thought is used to extract greenhouses in Guantao County of Handan City with GF-2 satellite image.The random verification shows that the accuracy of extraction in greenhouses is 95.65%,and the area of the greenhouse is 21.11 km2.Since auxiliary facilities around greenhouses were also included in the area of greenhouses issued by local authority,the extraction results need to be revised by calculating the ratio of greenhouse in the greenhouse area.As a result,the final area of greenhouses is 33.68km2with the area accuracy of 87.80% (compared with the official statistics:30 km2).Greenhouses in Guantao County were obviously spatially clustered in some zones along traffic arteries and main rivers,especially around the Zhaizhuang village (about 0.93 km2).Using Chinese high-resolution satellites images to extract information of greenhouses can be effective and feasible with suitable method,and can provide technical support for decision makers to the spatial planning and management of agricultural greenhouse and the supervision and control of agricultural pollution.  相似文献   

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