求解矩形和圆形装填问题的最大穴度算法

在超大规模集成电路设计，裁缝裁剪布料，玻璃切割等工作中提出了矩形和圆形装填问题，即把不同大小的矩形块和圆饼装入一个矩形容器中，以最大化容器的面积利用率为优化目标。对这一问题，可采用模拟退火，遗传算法等国际流行算法进行求解，但这些方法计算时间较长，计算结果的优度也不甚理想。利用人类的智慧和经验，提出了一种求解此问题的最大穴度算法。并对3个随机生成的测试实例进行了实算测试。所得结果的平均面积利用率为90．80％，平均计算时阊为8．38s。测试结果表明，算法对求解矩形和圆形装填问题是行之有效的。     

一种求解矩形块装填问题的拟人算法

在货物装载、木材下料、超大规模集成电路（VLSI）设计等工作中提出了矩形块装填与切割问题，对这一问题，国内外学者提出了诸如模拟退火算法、遗传算法及其它一些启发式算法等求解算法。本文利用人类的智慧和他们上万年以来形成的经验，提出了一种求解矩形块装填问题的拟人算法。谊算法使用了两个主要的思想策略，即矩形块选择策略和矩形块放置策略。用本文提出的算法，对21个测试算例进行了实算测试，测试结果表明：算法所得装填结果的优度高，计算时间短。对这21个测试算例。用本文算法计算，得到了其中16个算例的最优解，而计算时间都在2秒以内。进一步的测试表明，本文提出的算法对求解矩形块装填问题十分有效。     

求解二维矩形Packing面积最小化问题的动态归约算法

二维矩形Packing 面积最小化问题(rectangle packing area minimization problem,简称RPAMP)是具有NP难度的高复杂度的布局优化问题,也是大规模集成电路设计中floorplanning 问题的一个核心问题.通过动态构造矩形框的宽和高,将求解一个RPAMP 转化为求解一组二维矩形Packing 判定问题(rectangle packing decision problem,简称RPDP).在求解RPDP 的最大适配度算法的基础上,进一步考虑了当前动作对全局紧凑性的影响,评估了当前动作对局部空间的损害程度,设计了求解RPDP 的最小损害度算法.然后,结合矩形框宽、高的动态构造方法,设计得到求解RPAMP 的最终算法.对15 个相关的RPAMP 算例(包括著名的MCNC 算例和GSRC 算例)进行了测试.更新了其中9 个算例的最好记录,另有2 个与当前的最好记录持平.得到了98.50%的平均填充率,将国内外文献中已见报道的最高平均填充率提高了0.85%.     

基于禁忌搜索的启发式算法求解圆形packing问题

求解具有NP难度的圆形packing问题具有很高的理论与实用价值．现提出一个有效的启发式方法，求解了货运中常遇到的矩形区域内的不等圆packing问题．此算法首先将圆按给定的优先级分组，然后逐组地用拟物拟人法放置圆，并且在整个过程中利用了禁忌搜索法的思想，通过禁止重复前面已做的工作，使搜索能有效地逃离局部极小值的陷阱，提高了搜索效率．实验结果表明，提出的算法是一个高效的实用求解算法．     

一种求解矩形块布局问题的拟物拟人算法

在VLSI工作中提出了矩形块布局问题，对这一问题，国内外学者提出了诸如模拟退火算法，遗传算法等求解算法。本文以人类上万年以来形成的经验为基础，利用“占角”和“聚类”两个拟物拟人的思想策略，提出了基于最大穴度优先的拟物拟人布局算法。甩本文提出的算法，对MCNC、GSRC两个典型测试算例的所有实例进行了实算测试，测试结果表明：计算所得布局结果的优度高，计算时间短。对MCNC和GSRC测试算例，除apte实例外，其它所有实例均得到了最优解，而计算时间都在10秒以内。与CBL算法、遗传算法和号称当今最好的CompaSS算法相比，本文算法所得结果的优度更高，计算时间更短。进一步的测试表明，本文提出的拟物拟人布局算法为当今的一种高效算法。     

求解不等圆Packing问题的一个启发式算法

求解具有NP难度的圆形packing问题具有很高的理论与实用价值.现提出一个启发式方法,求解了货运中常遇到的矩形区域内的不等圆packing问题.此算法首先将待布局圆按半径大小降序排列,然后用占角动作来逐个放置.通过试探性地放入一个或多个待布局圆,给出了占角动作的度以及更全局的有限枚举策略来评价占角动作的优度.在放置每一个圆时,以贪心的方式选取当前具有最大优度的占角动作来放置.最后用测试算例验证了算法的高效性.     

求解闭环布局问题的混合编码阈值接收算法

闭环布局问题本质上是一个混合优化问题。根据问题的特点,本文设计了一种基于混合编码的阈值接收(Mixed-coding Threshold Accepting, MTA)算法来求解该问题。MTA算法将矩形环的宽度和高度作为解编码的一部分,使算法能够同时搜索设施的最优放置顺序和矩形环的大小。为了评估MTA算法的性能,利用文献中普遍使用的13个测试实例进行了实验。结果表明,MTA算法在9个测试实例上找到了新的最优布局方案,性能明显优于现有的元启发式算法。     

一种求解集合覆盖问题的启发式算法

集合覆盖问题是运筹学研究中的一个基本的组合优化问题,它通常描述成如下的一个覆盖问题:从一个m行、n列的0-1矩阵(aij)m×n中选出若干列盖住所有的行,使得付出的代价最小.集合覆盖问题被广泛应用到航空人员行程安排、电路设计、运输的车辆路线安排等领域.对这一问题,国内外学者提出了诸如遗传算法、模拟退火算法、蚁群算法、人工神经网络算法等求解算法.本文以贪心算法为基础,利用人类的智慧和经验,提出了一种求解集合覆盖问题的启发式算法.算法的主要思想为:从某个解出发,随机移除一定比例的列,再用贪心策略加入若干列.用本文提出的算法,对Beasley提出的45个测试实例进行了实算测试,所得结果和最优解的平均相对差值为0.44%,并且得到了其中33个实例的最优解,实算结果表明,本文提出的算法对求解集合覆盖问题是行之有效的.     

基于模拟退火剩余矩形算法的矩形件排样

针对矩形件优化排样问题,讨论了用模拟退火算法结合剩余矩形法求解问题。首先阐述了矩形件排样问题的数学模型,然后给出了模拟退火剩余矩形算法求解问题的步骤和方法,最后用实例进行了算法验证。实例分析表明,采用模拟退火剩余矩形算法求解矩形件排样问题是适合的。     

基于动作空间求解二维矩形Packing问题的高效算法?

对于二维矩形Packing这一典型的NP难度问题,在黄文奇等人提出的拟人型穴度算法的基础上,通过定义动作空间来简化对不同放入动作的评价,使穴度的计算时间明显缩短,从而使算法能够快速地得到空间利用率较高的布局图案。实验测试了Hopper和Turton提出的21个著名的二维矩形Packing问题的实例。改进的算法对其中的每一个实例都得到了空间利用率为100%的最优布局,且在普通PC机上的平均计算时间未超过7分钟。实验结果表明,基于动作空间对拟人型穴度算法所进行的改进是明显而有效的。     

A new heuristic algorithm for rectangle packing

The rectangle packing problem often appears in encasement and cutting as well as very large-scale integration design. To solve this problem, many algorithms such as genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and other heuristic algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, a new heuristic algorithm is recommended based on two important concepts, namely, the corner-occupying action and caving degree. Twenty-one rectangle-packing instances are tested by the algorithm developed, 16 of which having achieved optimum solutions within reasonable runtime. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm developed is fairly efficient for solving the rectangle packing problem.     

An efficient heuristic algorithm for rectangle-packing problem

Rectangle-packing problem involves many industrial applications, such as shipping, timber cutting, very large scale integration (VLSI) floor planning, and so on. This problem has shown to be NP hard, and many algorithms such as genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and other heuristic algorithms are presented to solve it. Based on the wisdom and experience of human being, an efficient heuristic algorithm is proposed in this paper. Two group benchmarks are used to test the performance of the produced algorithm, 19 instances of first group and 3 instances of second group having achieved optimal solutions. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented algorithm is rather efficient for solving the rectangle-packing problem.     

Integrating employee timetabling with scheduling of machines and transporters in a job-shop environment: A mathematical formulation and an Anarchic Society Optimization algorithm

This paper addresses a ternary-integration scheduling problem that incorporates employee timetabling into the scheduling of machines and transporters in a job-shop environment with a finite number of heterogeneous transporters where the objective is to minimize the completion time of all jobs. The problem is first formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model. Then, an Anarchic Society Optimization (ASO) algorithm is developed to solve large-sized instances of the problem. The formulation is used to solve small-sized instances and to evaluate the quality of the solutions obtained for instances with larger sizes. A comprehensive numerical study is carried out to assess the performance of the proposed ASO algorithm. The algorithm is compared with three alternative metaheuristic algorithms. It is also compared with several algorithms developed in the literature for the integrated scheduling of machines and transporters. Moreover, the algorithms are tested on a set of adapted benchmark instances for an integrated problem of machine scheduling and employee timetabling. The numerical analysis suggests that the ASO algorithm is both effective and efficient in solving large-sized instances of the proposed integrated job-shop scheduling problem.     

基于遗传模拟退火混合算法的矩形包络求解

介绍了一种利用遗传模拟退火混合算法求解矩形包络的方法,该算法在优化搜索中能自适应地控制变异率,使得优化高效地逼近全局最优.矩形包络是将不规则多边形用它们的最小外接矩形来代替,就是求解该多边形的最佳包络矩形.实验结果表明,在解决矩形包络问题中,遗传模拟退火混合算法是一种高效的,可靠的优化算法,具有一定的实用价值.     

A graph-based immune-inspired constraint satisfaction search

We propose an artificial immune algorithm to solve constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). Recently, bio-inspired algorithms have been proposed to solve CSPs. They have shown to be efficient in solving hard problem instances. Given that recent publications indicate that immune-inspired algorithms offer advantages to solve complex problems, our main goal is to propose an efficient immune algorithm which can solve CSPs. We have calibrated our algorithm using relevance estimation and value calibration (REVAC), which is a new technique recently introduced to find the parameter values for evolutionary algorithms. The tests were carried out using randomly generated binary constraint satisfaction problems and instances of the three-colouring problem with different constraint networks. The results suggest that the technique may be successfully applied to solve CSPs.     

An efficient memory-based electromagnetism-like mechanism for the redundancy allocation problem

Meta-heuristic algorithms have been successfully applied to solve the redundancy allocation problem in recent years. Among these algorithms, the electromagnetism-like mechanism (EM) is a powerful population-based algorithm designed for continuous decision spaces. This paper presents an efficient memory-based electromagnetism-like mechanism called MBEM to solve the redundancy allocation problem. The proposed algorithm employs a memory matrix in local search to save the features of good solutions and feed it back to the algorithm. This would make the search process more efficient. To verify the good performance of MBEM, various test problems, especially the 33 well-known benchmark instances in the literature, are examined. The experimental results show that not only optimal solutions of all benchmark instances are obtained within a reasonable computer execution time, but also MBEM outperforms EM in terms of the quality of the solutions obtained, even for large-size problems.     

Evolution of new algorithms for the binary knapsack problem

Due to its NP-hard nature, it is still difficult to find an optimal solution for instances of the binary knapsack problem as small as 100 variables. In this paper, we developed a three-level hyper-heuristic framework to generate algorithms for the problem. From elementary components and multiple sets of problem instances, algorithms are generated. The best algorithms are selected to go through a second step process, where they are evaluated with problem instances that differ in size and difficulty. The problem instances are generated according to methods that are found in the literature. In all of the larger problem instances, the generated algorithms have less than 1 % error with respect to the optimal solution. Additionally, generated algorithms are efficient, taking on average fractions of a second to find a solution for any instance, with a standard deviation of 1 s. In terms of structure, hyper-heuristic algorithms are compact in size compared with those in the literature, allowing an in-depth analysis of their structure and their presentation to the scientific world.     

一种求解多维0-1背包问题的拟人算法

在项目决策与规划,资源分配,货物装载等工作中,提出了多维0-1背包问题,对这一问题,国内外学者提出了诸如模拟退火算法,遗传算法,蚁群算法及其它一些启发式算法等求解算法。该文提出了一种新的启发式求解算法。该算法使用了两个主要的思想策略,即依据物品单位容积价值的高低选择物品并对其进行标记的策略和拟人跳坑策略。用本文提出的算法,对55个测试算例进行了实算测试,得到了其中54个算例的最优解。测试结果表明,用该文提出的拟人算法求解多维0-1背包问题,计算结果的优度高,计算时间短,是求解此问题的有效算法。