预测控制等效集结优化策略的研究

优化变量的集结策略是减少预测控制器的在线计算量的一种有效方法. 以往的集结策略大都建立在启发式的基础上，难以保持原预测控制器的性能. 本文从预测控制滚动优化只实际实施第一个控制量的特点出发，提出等效集结的概念，证明了在无约束和有终端零约束的情况下，只要适当选取集结矩阵，可以得到一个与集结前完全等效的集结预测控制器，并给出了确定集结矩阵的算法.     

单机调度问题对偶集结迭代算法

具有到达时间约束、目标为最小化加权完工时间之和的单机调度问题是一个典型的NP-hard问题,采用时间下标建模的线性规划松弛方法可提供一个很强的下界,但优化求解存在维数困难.为此,本文提出了一种对偶集结优化策略,通过选择一个衰减集结矩阵集结对偶乘子变量,利用对偶理论获得模型的约束集结,从而降低计算复杂度.同时分析了集结模型的结构特性,并提出一种迭代算法来改善下界.仿真结果表明对偶集结迭代算法能够减少计算时间,同时改善下界性能,适用于大规模调度问题.     

基于线性集结的预测控制器

针对一类受约束的线性离散系统,研究了基于集结预测控制器的可行性问题．通过一个列满秩的集结矩阵将维数较小的控制变量序列映射成在线优化变量序列,在不缩短控制时域的情况下,降低了在线优化变量的个数．给出了优化变量可集结的充分条件,当集结矩阵满足这个条件时,在线求解优化问题总会得到可行解．最后,给出了一个仿真实例,仿真结果很好地验证了本文的结论．     

神经网络多步预测控制及其在精馏塔中的应用研究

本文提出一种基于多神经网络并行预测模型的多变量协调预测控制,利用预测误差实时反馈校正各个神经网络预测模型的参数,对于对象的时变、未建模干扰及模型失配引起的误差均有很好的适应性。针对存在耦合的被控对象,本文在优化性能指标中采用多变量协调优化策略,对被控变量集及操作变量集优化,使被控变量达到优化值和使部分操作变量达到优化值。在单步预测控制的基础上,提出基于多RBF神经网络并行预测模型的多变量协调预测控制,提高了预测控制的鲁棒性及抗干扰能力。将此方法应用于精馏塔控制中,在保证主要产品质量合格的前提下,对操作变量进行约束,使部分操作变量达到优化值,从而减少能耗,提高经济效益。仿真结果表明,基于神经网络预测模型的多变量协调预测控制具有很好的动态特性、鲁棒性及显著的节能降耗效果。     

采用集结的预测控制器仿真研究

集结策略在减少预测控制在线计算量同时也必然带来控制性能的下降,研究集结策略与控制器性能的关系,对于应用集结策略有着重要的意义.约束预测控制器不存在公式解,无法从理论上得到集结策略与控制器性能的关系.通过仿真研究的方法,结合定性分析,研究了集结阵维数和集结阵结构对控制器性能影响,以及衰减策略下不同衰减率的集结阵对控制器性能影响.仿真得到的结果能有效地指导实际系统中集结阵的选取,使集结预测控制器具有良好的性能.     

数据驱动的冷却水塔建模与节能优化操作

针对冷却水塔的节能操作给出了一种数据驱动的建模与优化方法。首先,基于冷却水塔实际运行数据,应用非负绞杀变量选择方法给出一个自适应模型用于描述冷却水塔过程,该模型对于冷却水塔出口水温具有良好的预测精度。根据变量选择结果,分析了外界空气温度与湿度对冷却能力的影响。然后,提出了基于模型的冷却水塔风机的优化操作策略,并进行实验将之应用于冷却水塔的操作。研究结果显示,基于模型的优化操作具有较大的节能空间。     

汽温系统的一种稳定预测控制方法设计

预测控制的最主要特征是滚动优化,该文深入分析了预测控制原有的滚动优化策略,提出了一种简化的预测控制方案,给出了算法步骤,并基于李亚谱诺夫稳定性理论对简化的控制算法进行了稳定性分析与设计.通过仿真研究在对单变量系统进行控制效果分析的基础上将其应用于200MW机组带汽-汽换热器的多变量汽温系统,结果表明,该方法具有算法简单,运算量小,运算速度快,控制量变化柔和,鲁棒性好的特点,尤其适用于复杂系统的控制,具有良好的应用前景,是对预测控制算法简化的一种有益的尝试.     

多变量预测控制工程应用的控制模型前馈解耦策略

针对多变量预测控制计算量大、控制效果对扰动和模型失配敏感等特点,提出一种适用于预测控制工程应用的控制模型前馈解耦策略.基于结构分析,保留重要的被控变量与操作变量配对关系,将不重要的被控变量与操作变量配对作为前馈引入进行补偿,简化了系统结构,降低了系统耦合程度,减弱了预测控制器对扰动和模型失配的敏感程度,极端情况下形成的单入单出或小规模多入多出系统有效减小了在线计算量;基于分布式预测控制思想,给出控制模型前馈解耦策略的分散优化策略,进一步减小了系统规模和在线计算量.最后,通过仿真验证了所提策略的可行性与有效性.     

基于小波基函数的预测函数控制

针对传统PFC只能对预测时域内有限的几个拟合点进行拟合,未考虑整个预测时域整体逼近误差性能的优化,系统的控制品质受到损害的问题,提出一种基于小波基函数的预测函数控制方法.利用小波的紧支局部性和多尺度分析特性,对基函数的个数和位置分布可根据系统控制精度和不同预测时段的不同逼近要求进行灵活设置,既保证了整体误差性能的优化,又突出了重要拟合点的逼近要求,并实现了优化变量的集结.理论分析和仿真应用表明,该方法比传统的PFC有更好的快速性和抗干扰性,对于快速系统应用场合具有良好的应用前景.     

基于集结策略的非线性稳定预测控制器

针对有约束非线性系统预测控制在线计算量大的问题，引入集结策略降低其在线计算量并重点讨论了系统的稳定性问题．指出当控制器的终端状态处于某集合内且集结衰减系数的上界满足一定条件时，其最优目标函数递减．进而提出了一个双模控制律，可使系统渐近稳定．最后，通过仿真对该结论进行了验证．     

Quality guaranteed aggregation based model predictive control and stability analysis

The input aggregation strategy can reduce the online computational burden of the model predictive controller. But generally aggregation based MPC controller may lead to poor control quality. Therefore, a new concept, equivalent aggregation, is proposed to guarantee the control quality of aggregation based MPC. From the general framework of input linear aggregation, the design methods of equivalent aggregation are developed for unconstrained and terminal zero constrained MPC, which guarantee the actual control inputs exactly to be equal to that of the original MPC. For constrained MPC, quasi-equivalent aggregation strategies are also discussed, aiming to make the difference between the control inputs of aggregation based MPC and original MPC as small as possible. The stability conditions are given for the quasi-equivalent aggregation based MPC as well. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60674041), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20070248004)     

An improved design of aggregation-based model predictive control

Linear aggregation in the input is an effective method to reduce the online computational burden of model predictive control (MPC) but at the cost of degradations in the closed-loop performance. In this paper, an improved aggregation-based MPC algorithm is developed to reduce these degradations. In this algorithm, a time-varying base vector is utilized in conjunction with the quasi-equivalent aggregation strategy. Furthermore, by relaxing the constraints with a sequence of reachable sets, a switching strategy is adopted to enlarge the attractive region of the resulting aggregation-based MPC.     

区分服务中聚集流行为及其标记算法研究

区分服务是目前在IP网络服务质量控制方面被广泛采用的一种体系结构,它在网络边界对用户数据流聚集进行分类、测量、标记和整型,在网络核心转发,实现PHB,从而达到对不同类型的业务进行区别对待的目的.本文通过对UDP和TCP混合聚集流的行为特性分析,指出将UDP和TCP业务进行分离的必要性.通过对TCP聚集流的仿真实验和分析,阐述了TCP聚集流和单个TCP的行为差异、聚集流中具有不同RTT的TCP流的速率差别,以及聚集流中的流的数目和链路带宽对链路利用率的影响.最后通过对TSW2cm标记算法的仿真实验,分析了该算法在公平性方面的弱点,提出了一种基于TCP流状态信息的聚集流标记算法f-TSW2cm,并对算法进行了对比实验和结果分析.     

Output feedback model predictive control of uncertain norm‐bounded linear systems

A constrained output feedback model predictive control (MPC) scheme for uncertain Norm‐Bounded discrete‐time linear systems is presented. This scheme extends recent results achieved by the authors under full‐state availability to the more interesting case of incomplete and noisy state information. The design procedure consists of an off‐line step where a state feedback and an asymptotic observer (dynamic primal controller) are designed via bilinear matrix inequalities and used to robustly stabilize a suitably augmented state plant. The on‐line moving horizon procedure adds N free control moves to the action of the primal controller which are computed by solving a linear matrix inequality optimization problem whose numerical complexity grows up only linearly with the control horizon N. The effectiveness of the proposed MPC strategy is illustrated by a numerical example. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effective query aggregation for data services in sensor networks

Providing efficient data services has been required by many sensor network applications. While most existing work in this area focuses on data aggregation, not much attention has been paid to query aggregation. For many applications, especially ones with high query rates, query aggregation is very important. In this paper, we study a query aggregation-based approach to provide efficient data services. In particular: (1) we propose a multi-layer overlay-based framework consisting of a query manager and access points (nodes), where the former provides the query aggregation plan and the latter executes the plan; (2) we design an effective query aggregation algorithm to reduce the number of duplicate/overlapping queries and save overall energy consumption in the sensor network. We also design protocols to effectively deliver aggregated queries and query results in the sensor network. Our performance evaluations show that by applying our query aggregation algorithm, the overall energy consumption can be significantly reduced and the sensor network lifetime can be prolonged correspondingly.     

Distributed model predictive control for polytopic uncertain systems subject to actuator saturation

In this paper, we present a distributed model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for polytopic uncertain systems subject to actuator saturation. The global system is decomposed into several subsystems. A set invariance condition for polytopic uncertain system with input saturation is identified and a min–max distributed MPC strategy is proposed. The distributed MPC controller is designed by solving a linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) optimization problem. An iterative algorithm is developed for making coordination among subsystems. Case studies are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

带反馈的无线传感器网络实时数据融合策略

针对无线传感器网络中现有数据融合技术对由融合引起的延时考虑较少,难以满足实时性需求的不足,提出一种带反馈的实时数据融合策略FRDA。对不同类别的数据进行实时自适应分级,将紧急数据迅速融合并传输给用户,达到延时和融合效率的折衷。仿真实验结果表明,带反馈的实时融合数据方法对不同服务加以区分,有效地保证了紧急数据的实时处理,且没有降低数据的融合精度。