星形图上最小无死锁受限条件及无死锁路径算法

针对是形图中台能产生死锁的问题，对星形图上无无线锁的路径算法进行了研究，得到了星形图上的两类最小无死锁受限条件，并给出了一个满足该两类最小无死锁受限条件的无死锁路径算法。同时还证明了文献中提出的两个死锁受限条件分别只是该文所提出的两类最小无死锁受限条件的一个特例。     

超立方体上路径算法的无死锁性

本文对超立方体上路径算法的无死锁性问题进行了研究，提出了超立方体上的两类最小无死锁受限条件，证明了路径算法的无死锁和对称性两者之间关系。     

超立方体上基于缓冲机制的无死锁路径算法

本文研究了超立方体上基于单缓冲和双缓冲技术的无死锁受限条件，提出了相应的无死锁路径算法．性能分析表明，路径算法的效率和算法的自适应能力及算法的复杂性相关．     

基于2D Mesh的NoC路由算法设计与仿真

在研究Turn Model模型的基础上,提出一种基于2D Mesh结构的XY-YX路由算法,是一种确定性的无死锁的最短路径路由算法。给出无死锁的证明,通过片上网络（NoC）模拟仿真实验平台NIRGAM,将该算法在一个4×4的2D Mesh网络中进行仿真,并与XY路由算     

蜂窝网格的单播路由算法

六角形蜂窝网格是一种具有良好网络拓扑性质的并行多处理机互连网络.蜂窝网格在某些特性上优于二维网格.不过,这种网络不存在单信道最短路径无死锁路由算法.文中针对该网络设计了两个部分自适应无死锁虫孔路由算法.一个是基于转弯模型单信道非最短路径路由算法,另一个则是采用了虚拟双信道的最短路径路由算法.对第二个算法,还进一步使用转弯模型对其改进.通过仿真实验,结果显示这两个路由算法都具有较好的性能.     

交叉立方体网络的无死锁虫洞路由算法

Efe提出的交叉立方体(crossed cube)是超立方体(hypercube)的一种变型.交叉立方体的某些性质优于超立方体,比如其直径几乎是超立方体的一半.首先证明n(n≥3)维交叉立方体网络不存在无死锁的最短路径路由算法,然后利用虚通道技术将一条物理通道分成三条逻辑通道,并在此基础上提出一种基于虫洞路由的最短路径路由算法,其时间复杂度为O(n).理论证明了算法是无死锁的.     

反图对角网格中可容错的自适应路由算法

提出一种新型的网络结构－反图对角网格，分析反图对角网格网络的优点，在这种新型网络结构上提出了一种可容错的自适应路由算法，无故障情况下消息通过无死锁确定性路由进行寻径，有故障情况下消息通过自适应路由沿着故障块进行寻径。     

一种应用层安全通信协议的形式描述和验证

安全通信是一个日益重要的问题。本文作者在［１］中在应用层设计了一个安全通信控制设备（ＳＣＣＭ），来实现安全通信。本文用ＡＳＮ．１对此安全通信协议的协议数据元进行描述，然后根据协议状态转移图、应用可达性分析技术来验证协议的完整性、无死锁、无活锁、终止性等重要性质。     

基于局部扭曲立方体的多播路由算法

局部扭曲立方体是一种新提出来用于并行计算的互联网络。经研究发现,局部扭曲立方体中已有最小路由算法存在着死锁。因此,在原有算法的基础上,提出了一种新的无死锁路由算法并给出了无死锁证明。利用将物理通道分成两条虚拟通道进而形成两个不相交的虚拟网络,将不同的点对之间的路由限定在某一个虚拟网络中,从而有效地避免了死锁的产生。同时,利用一个局部扭曲立方体可由两个低维子立文体和2-扭曲立方体构成这一性质,在局部的低维子立方体和2-扭曲立方体中均采用自适应路由,从而提高了算法的自适应性。在此基础上提出了一种多播路由算法。     

基于蚁群系统WDM网络受限组播路由算法

通过在蚂蚁选路的概率中加入成本因素，只增加优秀路径上的信息素，实现了对现有蚁群算法的改进，加快了其收敛速度。将改进的蚁群优化算法与分层图相结合，提出了一种构造时延受限的最小代价组播树的并行算法。     

An Efficient Tree-Based Multicasting Algorithm on Wormhole-Routed Star Graph Interconnection Networks Embedded with Hamiltonian Path

Multicasting is an important issue for numerous applications in parallel and distributed computing. In multicasting, the same message is delivered from a source node to an arbitrary number of destination nodes. The star graph interconnection network has been recognized as an attractive alternative to the popular hypercube network. In this paper, we propose an efficient and deadlock-free tree-based multi-cast routing scheme for wormhole-routed star graph networks with hamiltonian path. In our proposed routing scheme, the router is with the input-buffer-based asynchronous replication mechanism that requires extra hardware cost. Meanwhile, the router simultaneously sends incoming flits on more than one outgoing channel. We perform simulation experiments with the network latency and the network traffic. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces multicast latency more efficiently than other schemes.     

Multipath-Based Multicasting Strategies for Wormhole-Routed Star Graph Interconnection Networks

The star graph interconnection network has been recognized as an attractive alternative to the popular hypercube network. In this paper, we present a multipath-based multicast routing model for wormholerouted star graph networks, propose two efficient multipath routing schemes, and contrast the performance of the proposed schemes with the performance of the scheme presented in our previous work. Both of the two proposed schemes have been proven to be deadlock-free. The first scheme, simple multipath routing, uses multiple independent paths for concurrent multicasting. The second scheme, two-phase multipath routing, includes two phases: source-to-relay and relay-to-destination. For each phase, multicasting is carried out using simple multipath routing. Experimental results show that, for short and medium messages with small message startup latencies, the proposed schemes reduce multicast latency more efficiently than other schemes.     

A necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free adaptiverouting in wormhole networks

Deadlock avoidance is a key issue in wormhole networks. A first approach by W.J. Dally and C.L. Seitz (1987) consists of removing the cyclic dependencies between channels. Many deterministic and adaptive routing algorithms have been proposed based on that approach. Although the absence of cyclic dependencies is a necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free deterministic routing, it is only a sufficient condition for deadlock-free adaptive routing. A more powerful approach by J. Duato (1991) only requires the absence of cyclic dependencies on a connected channel subset. The remaining channels can be used in almost any way. In this paper, we show that the previously mentioned approach is also a sufficient condition. Moreover, we propose a necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free adaptive routing. This condition is the key for the design of fully adaptive routing algorithms with minimum restrictions, An example shows the application of the new theory     

A necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free routing incut-through and store-and-forward networks

This paper develops the theoretical background for the design of deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for virtual cut-through and store-and-forward switching. This theory is valid for networks using either central buffers or edge buffers. Some basic definitions and three theorems are proposed, developing conditions to verify that an adaptive algorithm is deadlock-free, even when there are cyclic dependencies between routing resources. Moreover, we propose a necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free routing. Also, a design methodology is proposed. It supplies fully adaptive, minimal and non-minimal routing algorithms, guaranteeing that they are deadlock-free. The theory proposed in this paper extends the necessary and sufficient condition for wormhole switching previously proposed by us. The resulting routing algorithms are more flexible than the ones for wormhole switching. Also, the design methodology is much easier to apply because it automatically supplies deadlock-free routing algorithms     

An Effective Design of Deadlock-Free Routing Algorithms Based on 2D Turn Model for Irregular Networks

System area networks (SANs), which usually accept arbitrary topologies, have been used to connect hosts in PC clusters. Although deadlock-free routing is often employed for low-latency communications using wormhole or virtual cut-through switching, the interconnection adaptivity introduces difficulties in establishing deadlock-free paths. An up*/down* routing algorithm, which has been widely used to avoid deadlocks in irregular networks, tends to make unbalanced paths as it employs a one-dimensional directed graph. The current study introduces a two-dimensional directed graph on which adaptive routings called left-up first turn (L-turn) routings and right-down last turn (R-turn) routings are proposed to make the paths as uniformly distributed as possible. This scheme guarantees deadlock-freedom because it uses the turn model approach, and the extra degree of freedom in the two-dimensional graph helps to ensure that the prohibited turns are well-distributed. Simulation results show that better throughput and latency results from uniformly distributing the prohibited turns by which the traffic would be more distributed toward the leaf nodes. The L-turn routings, which meet this condition, improve throughput by up to 100 percent compared with two up*/down*-based routings, and also reduce latency     

A theory of deadlock-free adaptive multicast routing in wormholenetworks

A theory for the design of deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for wormhole networks, proposed by the author (1991, 1993), supplies sufficient conditions for an adaptive routing algorithm to be deadlock-free, even when there are cyclic dependencies between channels. Also, two design methodologies were proposed. Multicast communication refers to the delivery of the same message from one source node to an arbitrary number of destination nodes. A tree-like routing scheme is not suitable for hardware-supported multicast in wormhole networks because it produces many headers for each message, drastically increasing the probability of a message being blocked. A path-based multicast routing model was proposed by Lin and Ni (1991) for multicomputers with 2D-mesh and hypercube topologies. In this model, messages are not replicated at intermediate nodes. This paper develops the theoretical background for the design of deadlock-free adaptive multicast routing algorithms. This theory is valid for wormhole networks using the path-based routing model. It is also valid when messages with a single destination and multiple destinations are mixed together. The new channel dependencies produced by messages with several destinations are studied. Also, two theorems are proposed, developing conditions to verify that an adaptive multicast routing algorithm is deadlock-free, even when there are cyclic dependencies between channels. As an example, the multicast routing algorithms of Lin and Ni are extended, so that they can take advantage of the alternative paths offered by the network     

Performance analysis of mesh interconnection networks withdeterministic routing

This paper develops detailed analytical performance models for k-ary n-cube networks with single-hit or infinite buffers, wormhole routing, and the nonadaptive deadlock-free routing scheme proposed by Dally and Seitz (1987). In contrast to previous performance studies of such networks, the system is modeled as a closed queueing network that: includes the effects of blocking and pipelining of messages in the network; allows for arbitrary source-destination probability distributions; and explicitly models the virtual channels used in the deadlock-free routing algorithm. The models are used to examine several performance issues for 2-D networks with shared-memory traffic. These results should prove useful for engineering high-performance systems based on low-dimensional k-ary n-cube networks     

一种不规则2DMesh的NoC路由算法

NoC的网络拓扑结构是其研究的重要方面,在一些实际应用中,NoC系统通常集成多个不同功能、不同尺寸、不同通讯需求的组件,而规则的拓扑结构并不适应于在这种类型的NoC中应用,因此不规则Mesh网络被应用于不规则的NoC系统,为解决规则Mesh路由算法在不规则Mesh中无法保证路由连通性问题。提出一种不规则Mesh无死锁路由算法,同时此算法与其他算法相比,具有更少的虚通道和更优秀的路由路径选择。