制造系统控制结构研究的新进展

制造系统的控制结构是自动化和先进制造领域的重要研究课题.本文从现代制造的需求出发,研究比较了基于Agent的控制和Holon制造模式这两种现代制造系统的主流控制结构的概念、特性、研究成果和主要差别,并介绍了将两者结合的最新研究动态和进展,最后对其发展趋势进行了分析和探讨.     

CIMS在机床上下料自动化行业的应用

CIMS(计算机集成制造系统)是将信息技术、现代管理技术和制造技术相结合。本文通过CIMS这一高效、高自由度的系统在机床上下料自动化行业的应用,介绍了基于CIMS机床上下料自动化系统的控制结构特点及工作流程。     

基于MAS的车间调度控制系统的研究

讨论了分布式控制结构和传统的递阶式控制结构的特点，面向任务建立了基于MAs的调度控制系统模型并建立了agent间的协作模型以及通信模型。整个系统运用动态重组的思想，采用分级分布式控制和并行处理相结合的组织结构和运行模式，将整个车间的调度问题分解为一系列子调度问题，满足了现代制造系统对动态性、柔性和敏捷性的要求。     

计算机集成制造(生产)系统(CIMS/CIPS)

第３讲　制造（过程）自动化系统与集成１　系统内容与结构ＣＩＭ环境下制造自动化系统主要指５层结构中车间以下的部分。一个典型的机械制造自动化车间采用以柔性制造系统（ＦＭＳ）为基础的柔性制造技术,它可以包括多于２个的柔性制造单元（ＦＭＣ）,还可以由ＦＭＳ与ＦＭＣ及多种计算机直接数控（ＤＮＣ）型数控机床群组合构成。一般来说,对于不同类型的企业,根据企业生产制造过程不同,其制造自动化系统的构成和内容也有较大的不同。可将各种制造企业按主要生产过程的连续性分成三大类：（１）离散制造业：包括各种机床、汽车、飞机…     

选煤厂CIMS总体结构的研究

针对选煤厂经营管理和生产过程的特点，从控制结构和功能结构的角度提出了选煤厂ＣＩＭＳ的体系结构，并探讨了选煤厂ＣＩＭＳ的应用系统和支持系统的结构。     

结构光测头嵌入式系统的设计与实现

基于结构光照明技术的三维形面测量系统,通常采用图像采集卡完成图像采集,由计算机进行图像处理.这种测量模式难以满足实时性要求较高的场合.本文以DSP为核心,设计一种嵌入式结构光图像处理系统,采用以太网接口与计算机通讯,结合方向模板与重心法实现激光条纹中心的亚像素级提取.实验表明,该系统极大的减轻了计算机的负荷,有效的提高了测量的实时性.     

跟踪国外高技术——计算机集成制造系统

计算机集成制造系统又称计算机综合制造系统,即 Computer Integrated ManufacteringSystems。国外简称西姆斯 CIMS 系统。它是集现代信息技术、机器人技术和自动控制管理科学为一体的综合性较强的高技术,它是本世纪末机械工业全盘自动化或综合自动化的工厂模式。     

工业过程控制结构自动生成系统的开发

本文给出了工业过程控制结构自动生成系统的总体结构和各部分具有的主要功能,开发成功了一个用于大型化工过程的控制结构自动生成系统。     

苏联召开在生产自动化中采用计算技术学术会议

1960年10月10日至13日在莫斯科举行了在生产自动化中采用计算技术学术会议,会议是由苏联部长会议国家无线电电子学委员会、国家自动化与机械制造委员会与苏联部长会议国家经济委员会联合召开的。有322个科学研究所、设计局、企业与国家机关的将近800个代表参加了会议。会上共作了四十多个报告,报告内容都是有关在研制化学、石油加工、冶金、动力工程中采用计算技术进行自动控制的综合系统与制造集中记录工艺参数的控制计算机与部件的样机。在全体会议上共作了7个报告。这些报告是:制造用于生产过程自动化的控制计算机基本任务,采用     

可重构制造系统的合弄结构研究

可重构制造系统在激烈的市场竞争和产品品种、产品数量陡变的环境中,能够快速重构制造系统环境。该文采用合弄结构对制造系统的基本结构框架进行了分析,建立了基于合弄结构的可重构制造系统的结构框架。     

Use of local area networks within manufacturing systems

Proposals have recently been made within the computer industry to standardize local area computer networking hardware and, although such standards are primarily aimed at the office automation market, they will undoubtedly find many applications in distributed industrial control where a requirement for high speed reliable standardized digital communications also exists. A simple manufacturing cell will be described which demonstrates the advantage of distributed control by using an integrated communications network employing low cost twin axial cable. The individual cell element control systems are supervised by a single computer station providing both control and management information. It will also be shown how such techniques can be applied within industrial manufacturing systems by considering the use of computer networks within a process plant and for the integration of industrial robot systems.     

Design of expert systems for integrated production automation

An approach to the design of expert systems for integrated production automation is presented. The major components in an integrated manufacturing system consist of corporate planning, marketing planning, research and development, engineering design, production planning, manufacturing, warehousing, and product distribution. These components are linked by management information flow, technology information flow, as well as materials flow. An intelligent computer is used to integrate information flow and to control materials flow. This paper discusses characteristics of the future factory, elements of knowledge based systems, and the design of computer based expert systems for production planning, for engineering design, and for integrated manufacturing.     

Knowledge-based systems in computer-assisted production — a review

With the development of ‘expert’ or ‘knowledgeåsed’ systems, the efforts of artificial intelligence research have attained commercial application. While there have been to date, only a few investigations concerning the extent of this transfer, assessment of the extent of manufacturing applications has been mostly the result of speculation. By means of a comprehensive survey of documented systems in the USA, UK and FRG, the state-of-the-art of production applications of knowledge-based systems is described. Detailed discussion i is made of reasons leading to computer assistance and integrated solutions. Computer-assisted technological s systems are reviewed under their specific task areas — that is, construction and design, production planning, production control, production of parts, quality assurance, assembly, maintenance and customer service. Solutions for the connection of islands of automation are dealt with under the heading of Computer Integrated Manufacturing.     

PLC在PVC生产监控系统中的应用

为解决PVC生产控制系统自动化程度低的问题,采用PLC与工业控制计算机共同构成控制系统的方法,实现了对PVC生产系统中配混部分的高精度、高可靠性控制。实际运行表明,该PLC系统能够对PVC生产过程进行有效的自动监控,提高了系统的安全可靠性及自动化水平;同时也验证了采用现场总线技术与PLC集成形成的控制系统是切实可行的,系统具有潜在的市场影响力。     

Historical survey and emerging challenges of manufacturing automation modeling and control: A systems architecting perspective

An architecting perspective is derived as part of a more global perspective, related to manufacturing automation modeling and control through four industrial revolutions. This historical survey (Pereira et al., 2017) highlights the impact of digitalization both on isolated machines and devices, and on the architecting of large-scale manufacturing and logistics systems. To distribute the holistic control over related components, two main paradigms have been followed for the engineering of those System of Systems (SoS): (1) technology-enhanced, and (2) bio-inspired. In both, the cognitive orchestration of the knowledge and skills involved in a system project remains challenging for the interdisciplinary togetherness and harmony required beyond the disciplinary boundaries. Finally, lessons learned, as well as acquired knowledge through this innovative history are addressed with several open questions and emerging challenges related to the cyber-physical systems evolution.     

Criteria for selecting control systems in flexible manufacturing

Industry in Europe has been undergoing major structural changes during the last twenty years or so. Against the background of high demand for consumer and capital goods with corresponding, mostly fixed production capacities, it was necessary to build flexible and, at the same time, efficient production plants in order to cope with the increasing variety of products and shorter innovation cycles.Flexible manufacturing is inconceivable without information technology. Thus, the word “information” has rightly taken its place in the list of primary factors associated with modern production technology. The “gating” of data into production planning and quality assurance, combined with concepts of logistics and control, keeps the flow of materials on the move and helps to shorten lead times.The organization of production and the plant equipment itself have to be matched to the size of the plant, the product range and the market. In large-batch production, for example, a customized vehicle is required; in small-batch or unit production it is often necessary to manufacture a machine to specific customer requirements. Despite such great variations in the type of requirement, it is still possible to distinguish a number of common factors—one of them being the hierarchical structure of the automation landscape with objective and transparent distribution of information across all levels; from the control level for pre-production, assembly and transport up to the planning level for capacity planning and materials management.Hierarchical levels enable particular tasks to be assigned to specific automation equipment. Mainframes and minicomputers are used at the planning level. Dedicated systems such as numerical controls and programmable controllers are now used almost exclusively on the shopfloor control level.Local area networks connect the automation systems of different manufactures without the need for any adaptation. Protocols must be unified for this purpose. Since stable standards are not yet in existence, Siemens has decided to follow the strategy of standard harmonized development.Programmable controllers are part of all production, transport and storage systems. The main requirements are for control, operator communication, monitoring, counting and positioning. A comprehensive production family is a very important factor. Excellent hardware compatibility, easy interlinking and a uniform programming language are all characteristic of the family philosophy.Industrial robots are used mainly in the automobile industry. Largely thaks to them it is possible to produce economically and rationally any mix of model variants and to automate assembly. Programming facilities such as teach-in, on-line or off-line are therefore an important selection criterion for robot control.The majority of numerical controls in use today are used for controlling single machines in heavy-duty and special-purpose machinery manufacture. In networked applications, numerical controls form part of flexible manufacturing systems. In addition to machine control and management, the capacity for communication is an important criterion for selection in this case.In many controls for individual machines the priority is for quick and easy programming. “Shopfloor programming” has assumed considerable importance in such applications. Shopfloor programming requires controls with a sophisticated, user-friendly, graphics interface.Examples show how dedicated automation subsystems have been finding widespread application in the automation of manufacturing, transport and warehouse equipment. They are designed specially to perform certain tasks, both in programming and operation, in order to provide an economic solution to a problems in terms of matched performance and functionality.     

Smart manufacturing process and system automation – A critical review of the standards and envisioned scenarios

Smart manufacturing is arriving. It promises a future of mass-producing highly personalized products via responsive autonomous manufacturing operations at a competitive cost. Of utmost importance, smart manufacturing requires end-to-end integration of intra-business and inter-business manufacturing processes and systems. Such end-to-end integration relies on standards-compliant and interoperable interfaces between different manufacturing stages and systems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the current landscape of manufacturing automation standards, with a focus on end-to-end integrated manufacturing processes and systems towards mass personalization and responsive factory automation. First, we present an authentic vision of smart manufacturing and the unique needs for next-generation manufacturing automation. A comprehensive review of existing standards for enabling manufacturing process automation and manufacturing system automation is presented. Subsequently, focusing on meeting changing demands of efficient production of highly personalized products, we detail several future-proofing manufacturing automation scenarios via integrating various existing standards. We believe that existing automation standards have provided a solid foundation for developing smart manufacturing solutions. Faster, broader and deeper implementation of smart manufacturing automation can be anticipated via the dissemination, adoption, and improvement of relevant standards in a need-driven approach.     

Implementation of rule-based information systems for integratedmanufacturing

Focuses on the development of a methodology within a software environment for automating the rule-based implementation of specifications of integrated manufacturing information systems. The specifications are initially formulated in a natural language and subsequently represented in terms of a graphical representation by the system designer. A new graphical representation tool is based on updated Petri nets (UPN) that we have developed as a specialized version of colored Petri nets. The rule-based implementation approach utilizes the similarity of features between UPN and the general rule specification language used for the implementation. The automation of the translation of UPN to the rule specification language is expected to considerably reduce the life-cycle for design and implementation of the system. The application presented deals with the control and management of information flow between the computer-aided design, process planning, manufacturing resource planning and shop floor control databases. This provides an integrated information framework for computer integrated manufacturing systems     

Robotics in the factory of the future Role of Robots in the Factory of the Future

Robots represent a flexible source of automation in a variety of manufacturing processes today. As a result of this, robots are being increasingly used as an alternative for automation in a large number of manufacturing concerns. The present trend has been to link these islands of automation together with efficient material handling and computer control to attain to totally automated environment, what is commonly referred to as the “Factory of the Future”. This paper discusses the role of robots in such a factory and draws upon a case study to illustrate the varied aspects that one deals with in robotization in such an environment.