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1.
状态空间模型的双层结构预测控制算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双层结构预测控制是指先进行设定值优化、再进行设定值跟踪的预测控制.在已有的双层结构动态矩阵控制的基础上,本文给出基于状态空间模型的双层结构预测控制算法.该算法基于干扰模型和新定义的开环预测值,给出了新的开环预测模块.该开环预测模块采用Kalman滤波方法得到操作变量、被控变量的开环动、稳态预测值.基于这些开环预测值,稳态目标计算模块的基本原理同双层结构动态矩阵控制,但是具体细节上遵循状态空间方法.动态控制模块基于稳态目标计算提供的操作变量、被控变量的稳态目标(设定值),采用二次规划算法计算控制作用.仿真算例证实了该算法的有效性. 相似文献
2.
为降低工业大系统模型预测控制(Model predictive control,MPC)在线计算复杂度,同时保证系统的全局优化性能,提出一种集中优化、分散控制的双层结构预测控制策略.在稳态目标计算层(Steady-state target calculation, SSTC),基于全局过程模型对系统进行集中优化,将优化结果作为设定值传递给动态控制层;在动态控制层,将大系统划分为若干个子系统,每个子系统分别由基于各自子过程模型的模型预测控制进行控制,为减少各子系统之间的相互干扰,在各个子系统之间添加前馈控制器对扰动进行补偿,提高系统的总体动态控制性能.该策略的优点在于能确保系统全局最优性的同时降低了在线计算量,提高了工业大系统双层结构预测控制方法的实时性.仿真实例验证该方法的有效性. 相似文献
3.
考虑状态不可测且具有多胞不确定性的系统.本文通过定义参数依赖的顶点控制作用,提出一种基于多胞描述模型的启发式开环输出反馈预测控制方案,其中顶点控制作用依赖于多胞描述模型参数,由多胞顶点值构成.在工业预测控制的框架下,方案包含开环预测、稳态目标计算、动态控制3个模块.上层稳态目标计算模块采用稳态模型优化得到稳态目标值,下层动态控制跟踪由稳态目标值计算得到的多胞顶点稳态目标值.考虑到工业预测控制中稳态目标计算模块常采用线性模型,本文通过在多胞描述模型中加入人工干扰进而改进控制方案,使得上层稳态目标计算模块可直接采用改进的稳态多胞描述模型,下层基于改进的动态预测方程跟踪顶点稳态目标值.通过仿真分别验证了两种方法的可行性和有效性. 相似文献
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预测控制作为一种以预测模型为基础的先进控制算法,分布式预测控制广泛应用于复杂高维的复杂大系统控制中。提出了针对大规模过程的实时优化与分布式预测控制集成算法,包含稳态目标计算层和动态分布式控制层。在稳态目标计算层根据当前系统的运行状况进行集中优化,在系统运行的每一时刻计算出相对的全局最优值,并将其传递到下层进行控制。在动态控制层将复杂的大系统分为若干个相对独立的子系统,并且充分考虑各个子系统之间的关联和耦合,用分布式预测控制算法对上层计算得到的相对的全局最优值进行跟踪,提高系统在动态情况下的控制性能。仿真应用表明,此方法的优点在于保证全局最优的同时,降低了计算的复杂度,并且实现了经济目标。 相似文献
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现代电厂的优化控制通常采用双层控制结构,上层通过优化经济性能指标获得稳态设定值,传递到下层实现设定值跟踪.然而,传统的控制结构往往会忽略动态跟踪过程中的经济性能.本文针对锅炉–汽轮机系统设计了基于模糊模型的经济模型预测控制策略.通过离线设计稳定的线性反馈控制律和可行域,来保证优化问题的递推可行性和稳定性.通过在线求解双模态经济模型预测控制优化问题,实现锅炉汽轮机系统动态过程中经济性能的提高.大范围和小范围负荷变化情况下的仿真结果表明了本文提出的模糊经济模型预测控制的有效性. 相似文献
6.
在双层结构模型预测控制(Model predictive control, MPC)中, 稳态目标计算(Steady-state targets calculation, SSTC)层(上层)为动态控制(Dynamic control, DC)层(下层)提供操作变量、被控变量设定值和变量约束. 但是,上层可行域和下层吸引域间存在的不一致性可能使得上层给出的设定值无法实现. 本文为下层事先选取若干组放松的软约束, 并对每一组软约束都离线计算出相应的吸引域, 其中最大的一个吸引域包含稳态目标计算的可行域. 在控制过程中, 根据当前状态所属吸引域在线地决定在DC层采用的软约束组. 采用上述方法后, 对所有处于最大吸引域的初始状态, 在跟踪稳态目标的过程中, 下层优化问题都是可行的. 仿真算例证明了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
7.
本文给出一种双层结构预测控制的整体解决方案. 该方案分为开环预测、稳态目标计算和动态控制三个模块. 开环预测基于实测被控变量值和过去的操作变量值, 在假设未来操作变量不再变化的情况下, 估计未来的被控变量值. 稳态目标计算根据开环预测结果和外部目标等要求, 计算操作变量、被控变量的稳态目标值以及软约束的放松量. 动态控制根据开环预测结果和稳态目标输出结果, 计算未来的控制作用增量序列, 采用经典的动态矩阵控制策略. 这个整体解决方案保证了三个模块在模型、约束、目标上的一致性. 该算法是在已有文献的基础上, 将三个模块统一处理得到的. 仿真与应用例子证实了该算法的有效性. 相似文献
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9.
一类工业过程运行反馈优化控制方法 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
为了克服流程工业运行优化中控制回路闭环系统的动态误差对运行优化性能的影响,本文针 对一类工业过程提出了使运行指标实际值与目标值偏差和控制回路输出与设定值跟踪误差的二次性能 指标极小化的运行优化反馈控制方法. 该方法由运行层设定值反馈控制和回路控制层设定值跟踪控制组成,其中设定值反馈控制采用基于LMI的 模型预测控制,回路控制采用衰减率可调的带有积分项的状态反馈调节律. 本文给出了保证运行优化反馈控制闭环系统渐近稳定的充分条件,并开展了浮选过程运行优化反馈控制仿 真实验,实验结果表明所提方法的有效性. 相似文献
10.
针对实际过程控制系统中某些被控变量没有设定值要求只有区域目标约束要求这一特点,提出一种带有输出区域目标特性的多变量预测控制算法(ZMMPC).该算法根据区域目标约束条件的满足情况,将控制器的目标函数及约束条件划分为两种工作状态,使用基于逻辑的方法完成动态控制过程中目标与约束条件的切换.仿真实例结果表明ZMMPC不仅可以增加控制系统的自由度,而且可根据被控变量的优先权进行灵活设计,使复杂控制系统具有更好的动态和稳态控制品质. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Process Control》2014,24(12):107-118
A novel approach to progress improvement of the economic performance in model predictive control (MPC) systems is developed. The conventional LQG based economic performance design provides an estimation which cannot be done by the controller while the proposed approach can develop the design performance achievable by the controller. Its optimal performance is achieved by solving economic performance design (EPD) problem and optimizing the MPC performance iteratively in contrast to the original EPD which has nonlinear LQG curve relationship. Based on the current operating data from MPC, EPD is transformed into a linear programming problem. With the iterative learning control (ILC) strategy, EPD is solved at each trial to update the tuning parameter and the designed condition; then MPC is conducted in the condition guided by EPD. The ILC strategy is proposed to adjust the tuning parameter based on the sensitivity analysis. The convergence of EPD by the proposed ILC has also been proved. The strategy can be applied to industry processes to keep enhancing the performance and to obtain the achievable optimal EPD. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated via an SISO numerical system as well as an MIMO industry process. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Process Control》2014,24(1):129-145
In industrial practice, the optimal steady-state operation of continuous-time processes is typically addressed by a control hierarchy involving various layers. Therein, the real-time optimization (RTO) layer computes the optimal operating point based on a nonlinear steady-state model of the plant. The optimal point is implemented by means of the model predictive control (MPC) layer, which typically uses a linear dynamical model of the plant. The MPC layer usually includes two stages: a steady-state target optimization (SSTO) followed by the MPC dynamic regulator. In this work, we consider the integration of RTO with MPC in the presence of plant-model mismatch and constraints, by focusing on the design of the SSTO problem. Three different quadratic program (QP) designs are considered: (i) the standard design that finds steady-state targets that are as close as possible to the RTO setpoints; (ii) a novel optimizing control design that tracks the active constraints and the optimal inputs for the remaining degrees of freedom; and (iii) an improved QP approximation design were the SSTO problem approximates the RTO problem. The main advantage of the strategies (ii) and (iii) is in the improved optimality of the stationary operating points reached by the SSTO-MPC control system. The performance of the different SSTO designs is illustrated in simulation for several case studies. 相似文献
13.
In this work, we propose a conceptual framework for integrating dynamic economic optimization and model predictive control (MPC) for optimal operation of nonlinear process systems. First, we introduce the proposed two-layer integrated framework. The upper layer, consisting of an economic MPC (EMPC) system that receives state feedback and time-dependent economic information, computes economically optimal time-varying operating trajectories for the process by optimizing a time-dependent economic cost function over a finite prediction horizon subject to a nonlinear dynamic process model. The lower feedback control layer may utilize conventional MPC schemes or even classical control to compute feedback control actions that force the process state to track the time-varying operating trajectories computed by the upper layer EMPC. Such a framework takes advantage of the EMPC ability to compute optimal process time-varying operating policies using a dynamic process model instead of a steady-state model, and the incorporation of suitable constraints on the EMPC allows calculating operating process state trajectories that can be tracked by the control layer. Second, we prove practical closed-loop stability including an explicit characterization of the closed-loop stability region. Finally, we demonstrate through extensive simulations using a chemical process model that the proposed framework can both (1) achieve stability and (2) lead to improved economic closed-loop performance compared to real-time optimization (RTO) systems using steady-state models. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Process Control》2014,24(8):1247-1259
In the last years, the use of an economic cost function for model predictive control (MPC) has been widely discussed in the literature. The main motivation for this choice is that often the real goal of control is to maximize the profit or the efficiency of a certain system, rather than tracking a predefined set-point as done in the typical MPC approaches, which can be even counter-productive. Since the economic optimal operation of a system resulting from the application of an economic model predictive control approach drives the system to the constraints, the explicit consideration of the uncertainties becomes crucial in order to avoid constraint violations. Although robust MPC has been studied during the past years, little attention has yet been devoted to this topic in the context of economic nonlinear model predictive control, especially when analyzing the performance of the different MPC approaches. In this work, we present the use of multi-stage scenario-based nonlinear model predictive control as a promising strategy to deal with uncertainties in the context of economic NMPC. We make a comparison based on simulations of the advantages of the proposed approach with an open-loop NMPC controller in which no feedback is introduced in the prediction and with an NMPC controller which optimizes over affine control policies. The approach is efficiently implemented using CasADi, which makes it possible to achieve real-time computations for an industrial batch polymerization reactor model provided by BASF SE. Finally, a novel algorithm inspired by tube-based MPC is proposed in order to achieve a trade-off between the variability of the controlled system and the economic performance under uncertainty. Simulations results show that a closed-loop approach for robust NMPC increases the performance and that enforcing low variability under uncertainty of the controlled system might result in a big performance loss. 相似文献
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In industrial practice, constrained steady state optimisation and predictive control are separate, albeit closely related functions within the control hierarchy. This paper presents a method which integrates predictive control with on-line optimisation with economic objectives. A receding horizon optimal control problem is formulated using linear state space models. This optimal control problem is very similar to the one presented in many predictive control formulations, but the main difference is that it includes in its formulation a general steady state objective depending on the magnitudes of manipulated and measured output variables. This steady state objective may include the standard quadratic regulatory objective, together with economic objectives which are often linear. Assuming that the system settles to a steady state operating point under receding horizon control, conditions are given for the satisfaction of the necessary optimality conditions of the steady-state optimisation problem. The method is based on adaptive linear state space models, which are obtained by using on-line identification techniques. The use of model adaptation is justified from a theoretical standpoint and its beneficial effects are shown in simulations. The method is tested with simulations of an industrial distillation column and a system of chemical reactors. 相似文献
16.
Conditions for which linear MPC converges to the correct target 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper considers the efficacy of disturbance models for ensuring offset-free control and the determination of the optimum feasible steady-state target within linear model predictive control (MPC). Previously proposed methods for steady-state target determination can address model error, disturbances, and output target changes when the desired steady state is feasible, but may fail to achieve a feasible target that is as close as possible to the desired steady-state target when the desired target is unreachable due to active constraints. Under certain conditions, the resulting ‘feasible steady-state target’ can converge to a point that is not as close as possible to the optimal feasible target. By considering the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions of optimality for the steady-state target optimizer, sufficient multi-variable conditions are established for which convergence to the optimal feasible target is guaranteed and, conversely, when convergence to a sub-optimal feasible target is expected. 相似文献
17.
考虑约束非线性系统经济型最优控制问题,提出一种关于经济性能输入到状态稳定的经济型模型预测控制(EMPC)策略.通过离线计算系统的最优经济稳态点,构建关于该稳态点跟踪的稳定最优控制问题.在此基础上,利用稳定最优控制问题的最优值函数和关于经济性能函数的松弛量构造EMPC优化问题的收缩约束,再结合不变集原理和输入到状态稳定性(ISS)定理,建立EMPC的递推可行性和闭环系统关于经济性能函数的ISS结果.最后,采用非线性连续搅拌釜控制的仿真比较结果验证所提出策略的有效性. 相似文献