使用SPEC#开发高可靠性的物流信息系统

结合形式化软件开发方法和面向对象的方法学，使用SPEC#开发物流信息管理系统，利用该语言中的前置条件、后置条件、对象不变式等形式化机制显著地提高了软件的可读性，可靠性和可维护性。系统地总结了分析、设计和编码阶段的经验和问题，提出了应用SPEC#进行契约式程序设计的一组原则和建议，并分析了该语言存在的不足和改进策略。     

基于SPEC#的自动测试方法

测试是软件质量的直接保障,然而人工书写测试代码不但繁琐而且会带来很多问题,自动化的测试方法的研究仍然停留在理论阶段.基于(SPEC# NUnit)平台,提出了一种切实可行的面向对象软件的自动化测试方法.这种方法使用形式化谓词断言来作为标准判断测试成功与否,搜索测试用例空间,同时可以模拟对象中间状态,自动生成复杂数据的测试用例.这一平台的建立也使得测试应绝对反映设计,由设计来直接指导测试的思想成为可能.     

妙用宏替换函数（Ⅱ）

本文论述如何在软件的开发中巧妙地、正确地使用宏替换函数,从而提高程序的可扩充性、灵活性,优化程序,降低程序的冗余度,提高应用软件的通用性。     

递归程序结构研究

对递归程序的结构进行了较为深入的研究 ,提出了递归树的概念 ,给出了递归程序的一般结构 ,把递归分为简单链结构、树状结构、复杂链结构三种情况 ,据此 ,给出了复杂的递归问题的程序设计方法 ,根据此方法 ,可方便地写出较为复杂的递归问题的递归程序 ,从而提高设计递归程序的效率。     

BMP图像通用显示程序的设计技巧

介绍显示BMP图象通用程序的设计技巧。利用BMP文件头的相关信息简单地处理了图象的边界、调色板以及各种不同色数的图象使用同一程序显示等问题,避免了用判断方法编程的麻烦而减少了程序的编码量,且提高了程序的执行效率。本文最后给出了可以显示2色、16色和256色的BMP图象的示例程序。     

妙用宏替换函数(Ⅰ)

本文论述如何在软件的开发中巧妙地、正确地使用宏替换函数，从而提高程序的可扩充性、灵活性，优化程序，降低程序的冗余度，提高应用软件的通用性。     

基于Java线程池技术的数据爬虫设计与实现

为了改善数据获取爬虫程序的运行性能和提高数据获取效率,分析了数据爬虫的原理与架构,设计并实现了一种基于Java线程池技术的爬虫程序架构。该爬虫程序采用多个线程并行处理页面,极大地改善了数据获取的效率,提高了用来获取数据的机器的资源利用率。     

以问题结构为基础的递归程序设计

对递归程序的结构进行了较为深入的研究,提出了递归程序的更一般结构,根据此结构,给出了复杂的递归疸的程序设计方法,根据此方法,可方便地写出较为复杂的递归问题的递归程序,从而提高设计递归程序的效率。     

基于构件的可配置嵌入式应用程序设计模式

为了解决自动气象站采集器嵌入式应用程序维护、扩展困难的问题,提出了一种基于构件的可配置嵌入式应用程序设计模式,把传统的嵌入式应用程序拆分成功能构件、框架构件、配置构件和解析器,通过组装构件的方式开发应用程序;实验程序实现了数据采集、数据质量控制、数据计算、数据存储和基本的通信协议;并且基于此套设计模式,可以方便地进行气象要素和导出量的配置,或者对软件的功能进行扩展;实验结果表明,此套设计模式大大地提高了嵌入式应用程序的易维护性、易扩展性以及开发效率.     

Sun C语言与Sun FORTRAN混合编程技术

Ｓｕｎ的ｃ语言与Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ语言可以相互调用，灵活地使用可以充分发挥两种语言的优势，并能大大地提高工作效率。本文介绍ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ程序如何调用Ｃ程序以及Ｃ程序如何调用ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ程序，给出了在Ｓｕｎ工作站上通过的例子。     

Mapping the vegetation changes in giant panda habitat using Landsat remotely sensed data

Since the 1950s, with national policy changes and socio-economic development, the habitat of the giant pandas has altered accordingly. This can also be inferred from the population changes of the giant pandas as reported in three national surveys. Thus, monitoring the changes in giant panda habitat and then taking appropriate action would be a valuable contribution to giant panda protection. In this paper, using existing habitats and potential habitats of the giant pandas as the study area, multitemporal remotely sensed data from the three national surveys are used as the data source. The land cover of the study area is mapped by the maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method. The overall accuracy and kappa statistics for the resulting classification are 0.8 and 90%, respectively. The results reveal that the current status of the giant panda habitat is very good. Between 1974 and 1989, because of deforestation in the area, the giant panda habitat deteriorated considerably; the total area of broadleaved forests, coniferous forests, mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaved forests and shrubs decreased from 62.03% to 57.40% in the study area. However, from 1989 to 2002, due to the conservation policies put into action, the giant panda habitat recovered to some extent; the total area of broadleaved forests, coniferous forests, mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaved forests and shrubs increased from 57.40% to 60.68% in the study area. However, conditions are different among the mountain systems. Taking into account only the total of broadleaved forests, coniferous forests, mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaved forests and shrubs, in the Minshan mountain system, the forest cover changed from 57.70% in 1974 to 56.74% in 1989 and to 56.30% in 2002, which can be regarded as stable. In the Qinling mountain system, forested areas changed from 70.05% in 1974 to 66.93% in 1989 and to 67.17% in 2002, which reveals little change in this area. In the Qionglai mountain system, forested areas changed from 72.84% in 1974 to 71.53% in 1989 and to 73.22% in 2002; therefore, an increase can be noted in this area. In the Xiangling mountain system, forested areas also increased from 50.81% in 1974 to 50.20% in 1989 and to 53.15% in 2002. In the Liangshan mountain system, forested areas changed from 68.43% in 1974 to 55.81% in 1989 and to 60.07% in 2002. These results are in accordance with the giant panda population changes in different mountain systems. Thus, the best way to improve the threatened status of the panda population is to protect the current habitat and the potential habitat.     

Ergonomics evaluation of modified industrial helmets for use in tropical environments

Hotness, weight, fitting problems etc., have been found to be the chief causes of the unpopularity of industrial safety helmets in tropical environments in developing countries (DC). Some selected safety helmets manufactured in industrialized countries (IC) were modified to provide extra head ventilation and to reduce weight, in order to make them more acceptable to users in hot environments. The modified helmets were subjected to ergonomics evaluation both objectively and subjectively in the laboratory (in simulated tropical conditions) as well as in the field situation. There was evidence that white helmets had some advantages in comfort, viz. reduction of hotness, compared to the other colours, e.g. red, green etc., when worn in the presence of radiant heat in the laboratory. Ventilation holes provided at the top of the shell seemed to reduce the greenhouse effect within the helmet shell which therefore felt less uncomfortable than a fully covered helmet. Even with a small reduction of weight, such as 45 g in helmets weighing about 350g, the difference in weight was perceived by the wearers. In adapting helmets made in IC for use in tropical climates, head ventilation and low weight perception are important aspects in comfort which need to be considered. In addition to low cost, a harness material suitable for sweat absorption is required. Adjustability and sizing to fit 90% of the user population also needs to be considered in the design and manufacture of safety helmets for people in DC.     

Information technology in the National Curriculum: a view from Scotland

Abstract This paper examines the proposals for Information Technology (IT) in current curriculum developments in England and Wales and in Scotland. It points out significant differences between the pattern of curriculum developments in these two parts of the United Kingdom, noting in particular, that developments under the heading of The National Curriculum do not apply in Scotland. Nevertheless, IT developments in Scotland have many similarities to those in the rest of the UK and it is from this shared experience that a view is offered as to whether the proposals under The National Curriculum will allow IT to reach its full potential to shape the curriculum and to improve learning and teaching styles. Among the issues considered are the interplay between IT and the curriculum, the impact of IT on learning and teaching and the fundamental question as to whether the system—pupils, teachers, staff management and staff development arrangements—are likely to be able to respond to the National Curriculum proposals.     

Scientific research ontology to support systematic review in software engineering

The term systematic review is used to refer to a specific methodology of research, developed in order to gather and evaluate the available evidence pertaining to a focused topic. It represents a secondary study that depends on primary study results to be accomplished. Several primary studies have been conducted in the field of Software Engineering in the last years, determining an increasing improvement in methodology. However, in most cases software is built with technologies and processes for which developers have insufficient evidence to confirm their suitability, limits, qualities, costs, and inherent risks. Conducting systematic reviews in Software Engineering consists in a major methodological tool to scientifically improve the validity of assertions that can be made in the field and, as a consequence, the reliability degree of the methods that are employed for developing software technologies and supporting software processes. This paper aims at discussing the significance of experimental studies, particularly systematic reviews, and their use in supporting software processes. A template designed to support systematic reviews in Software Engineering is presented, and the development of ontologies to describe knowledge regarding such experimental studies is also introduced.     

Uncertainty quantification for cuttings transport process monitoring while drilling by ensemble Kalman filtering

The aim in this work was to develop a method to draw our conclusions for the uncertain quantities of interest in a real problem in oilfield, namely the cuttings transport problem, given the limited data available. The cuttings transport process is subject to disturbances and is influenced by various factors in a stochastic and uncertain manner. In addition, the drilling environment is very complex to understand fully, and to model efficiently and accurately. An experiment was conducted to monitor the process in real-time via time-series measurements of distributed pressure transducers along the drillstring. A mathematical model describing the dynamic process of cuttings transport is developed, which aims to capture the dominant characteristics of the process, without attempting to model reality perfectly; modeling and measurement errors are represented by uncertainties in model inputs, parameters, and states. The proposed model is described in detail, and is incorporated in the Bayesian framework (via ensemble Kalman filtering) to make our best estimate about the location and amount of cuttings transported along the wellbore in real time, given the available data. The estimations of the uncertain process parameters are described.     

Dynamic task allocation for multi-robot search and retrieval tasks

Many application domains require search and retrieval, which is also known in the robotic domain as foraging. For example, in a search and rescue domain, a disaster area needs to be explored and transportation of survivors to a safe area needs to be arranged. Performing such a search and retrieval task by more than one robot increases performance if they are able to distribute their workload efficiently and evenly. In this work, we study the Multi-Robot Task Allocation (MRTA) problem in the search and retrieval domain, where a team of robots is required to cooperatively search for targets of interest in an environment and also retrieve them back to a home base. In comparison with typical foraging tasks, we look at a more general search and retrieval task in which the targets are distinguished with various types, and task allocation also requires taking into account temporal constraints on the team goal. As usual, robots have no prior knowledge about the location of targets in the environment but in addition they need to deliver targets to the home base in a specific order according to their types, which significantly increases the complexity of a foraging problem. We first use a graph-based model to analyse the search and retrieval problem and the dynamics of exploration and retrieval within a cooperative team. We then proceed to present an extended auction-based approach, as well as a prediction approach. The essential difference between these two approaches is that the task allocation and execution procedures in the auction approach are running in parallel, whereas a robot in the prediction approach only needs to choose a task to perform when it has no thing to do. The auction approach uses a winner determination mechanism to allocate tasks to each robot, whereas the robots in the prediction approach implicitly coordinate their activities by team reasoning that leads to consensuses about task allocation. We use the Blocks World for Teams (BW4T) simulator to evaluate the two approaches in our experimental study.     

Information Technology Infrastructure Library and the migration to cloud computing

The decision of migrating information technology to cloud computing, by an organisation, encompasses various decisions that must be undertaken in order to minimise risks and to perform a smooth and accurate transition to the cloud. Accordingly, to migrate information technology services to the cloud in a straightforward way, with more control and in a more accurate way, the organisation must use the right tools. Having in mind the cloud computing focus on information technology services shared with the Information Technology Infrastructure Library and processes that have been tested by distinct organisations, it makes sense to research whether the Information Technology Infrastructure Library processes can be used in the migration to cloud computing. Accordingly, in this paper, we investigate, on the one hand, how Information Technology Infrastructure Library could be useful to the migration of services, applications and data to cloud computing, and on the other hand, we discuss how these processes help people to improve their skills in the knowledge accessibility. The research was validated with the implementation of a case study and with interviews with stakeholders of the whole process. With this research, we were able to verify that the ITIL could be used to support the migration to cloud computing.     

大数据环境下我国被遗忘权之立法构建——欧盟《一般数据保护条例》被遗忘权之借鉴

在记忆成为常态,而遗忘成为例外的大数据时代,欧盟数据改革提出的“被遗忘和删除权”备受各方关注和争议.本文通过探讨被遗忘权对个人信息保护的重要意义,研究欧盟《一般数据保护条例》草案中“被遗忘和删除权”的具体内容,分析我国现阶段删除权的法律现状及缺陷,提出大数据环境下我国被遗忘权的立法构建,以期提高个人信息在线环境的安全性.