吸气式高超声速飞行器多学科优化设计研究

在冲压发动机推进特性问题的研究中,高超声速飞行器是一种多学科强耦合的先进飞行器,传统的设计方法一般只考虑某一个性能和学科,造成设计性能不理想,而多学科优化设计(MDO)能够探索和充分利用工程系统中的协同机制来实现复杂飞行器的设计.为优化推进技术,完善设计,提高航程,用多学科优化设计方法对高超声速飞行器进行了优化设计.建立了包括空气动力学、推进系统、结构质量以及弹道航程等多个学科模型在内的多学科优化平台.进行仿真,结果表明满足各个学科约束的条件,使得飞行器的航程提高 12.94%.同时也说明文中针对高超声速飞行器搭建的多学科优化平台是可行的,为优化设计提供厂保证.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器气动耦合干扰效应研究

研究飞行器与冲压发动机耦合干扰效率优化问题,由于吸气式高超声速飞行器机身与冲压发动机之间存在高度耦合,针对耦合效应不可避免对飞行器稳定性产生影响,为提高控制系统性能,提出飞行器机身与发动机之间的耦合干扰效应问题展开深入研究.在高超声速飞行器各部件无粘气动特性的基础上,采用尾气羽流分析模型研究机身与冲压发动机耦合干扰效应,并基于飞行器几何参数化模型进行仿真.结果表明分析模型能较精确地快速反应机身与冲压发动机之间耦合干扰效应,为吸气式高超声速飞行器机身/发动机一体化设计和控制系统优化设计及其动力学特性研究分析提供依据.     

高超声速飞行器考虑数据丢失的预测控制研究

以高超声速飞行器纵向通道为研究对象,考虑飞行器控制系统中传感器–控制器以及控制器–执行器通道均存在数据丢失的问题,提出一种能有效处理丢包的预测控制方法。首先,对高超声速飞行器纵向通道非线性模型进行局部小扰动线性化,得到平衡点处线性化模型;接着,建立有数据丢失的系统动态模型,使用终端状态约束集和终端代价函数方法设计预测控制器并设计相关补偿策略,以实现高超声速飞行器输入指令的跟踪;最后,基于MATLAB和Truetime平台进行数值仿真。结果表明,所设计的预测控制器能保证系统在出现数据丢失时具有良好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性。     

高超声速飞行器最优PI-Hinf控制器设计

研究高超音速控制器优化问题,由于控制系统存在较强鲁棒性和非线性,用传统方法寻优计算量大,影响实时控制.为解决上述问题,采用最优比例积分H无穷(PI-Hinf)二环控制方法对高速飞行器构型的输入/输出线性化模型进行了控制器设计.控制方法能有效地抑制模型参数不确定性带来的扰动并使系统达到很好的静态性能.对模型进行仿真,结果表明,所设计的控制器具有较强的鲁棒性,可以满足飞行器在复杂条件下飞行的控制要求,达到0误差的跟踪精度,为设计提供了依据.     

考虑迟滞非线性的高超声速飞行器颤振分析

为给飞行器颤振控制及结构设计等提供支持,利用适合复杂结构建模的动态子结构方法中的自由界面模态综合法,考虑飞行器在超声速飞行状态下高超声速流和飞行器自身结构的特点,将整个飞行器分成多个子结构;考虑飞行器机身与机翼之间相互连接构件的实际工作状况和制造工艺情况,带有间隙非线性与立方非线性相互作用所产生的迟滞非线性特性,以及阻尼因子对非线性的影响,用有限元计算软件计算各子结构的动力学特性参数和气动力分布情况,建立飞行器整机的振动微分方程以分析颤振特性．对得到的飞行器在所设工况下的振动和颤振特性及颤振临界状态进行分析,实现全机气动弹性问题的仿真计算．分析结果表明,该方法拓展高超声速飞行器颤振的计算,可为动态子结构方法应用于颤振研究提供参考．     

高超声速飞行器及其飞行状态控制

概述了高超声速飞行技术研究的意义及发展现状,从气动外形、推进手段及气动热效应等方面探讨了高超声速飞行器飞行状态控制面临的挑战;从空气动力学理论、仿真手段、工作环境及流场特性方面指出飞行器飞行状态描述的复杂性,在回顾并评价目前高超声速飞行器飞行状态控制策略的基础上,提出了以工作环境及飞行速率为变量的多模型建模方法描述飞行器的飞行状态,以机理建模和伪动力学建模综合应用的方法建立飞行器高超声速飞行状态模型的思路,并针对其高超声速飞行特点探讨了可能的控制策略。     

高超声速飞行器飞行轨迹的模糊控制设计

针对高超声速飞行器飞行过程中因干扰造成的飞行轨迹散布问题,提出了采用飞行器飞行轨迹的模糊控制设计方法。方法以高超声速飞行器飞行轨迹线偏差和线偏差变化率作为模糊控制器输入,采用模糊推理设计飞行控制系统。在完成高超声速飞行轨迹控制系统数学建模的基础上,结合自动驾驶仪特点对飞行轨迹模糊控制系统进行了设计。结论通过仿真表明所设计的飞行控制系统满足飞行轨迹及攻角性能要求,验证了方法的正确性。     

高超声速飞行器姿态控制系统设计

研究气动特性是飞行器姿态稳定性的保证,高超声速飞行器采用姿态控制有助于提高作战效能及生存能力.针对高超声速飞行器作战环境复杂,大气密度偏差大、力/力矩系数不准确造成气动参数偏差较大等特点,采用参数空间方法来设计姿态控制系统.首先建立适用于姿态控制系统的高超声速数学模型,在高超声速气动特性条件下,提出三回路姿态稳定控制系统,根据参数空间方法的原理设计出各回路控制器,最后进行仿真分析验证控制系统的性能.仿真结果表明当气动参数存在较大偏差时,采用基于参数空间法设计的高超声速姿态控制系统可以确保对指令的精确跟踪,并且具有较强的鲁棒稳定性.     

高超声速飞行器非线性鲁棒控制律设计

高超声速飞行器具有模型非线性程度高、耦合程度强、参数不确定性大、抗干扰能力弱等特点,其自主控制具有较大的挑战.论文提出了一种基于鲁棒补偿技术和反馈线性化方法的非线性鲁棒控制方法.文中首先采用反馈线性化的方法对纵向模型进行输入输出线性化,实现速度和高度通道的解耦和非线性模型的线性化.针对得到的线性模型,设计包括标称控制器和鲁棒补偿器的线性控制器.基于极点配置原理,设计标称控制器使标称线性系统具有期望的输入输出特性,利用鲁棒补偿器来抑制参数不确定性和外界扰动对于闭环控制系统的影响.基于小增益定理,证明了闭环控制系统的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒跟踪性能.相比于非线性回路成形控制方法,仿真结果表明了所设计非线性鲁棒控制算法的有效性和优越性.     

弹性体高超声速飞行器自适应控制器设计

研究控制器优化设计问题,为能使飞行控制系统精确跟踪控制指令,并抑制住机体的结构弹性振动,研究了一种带自适应结构滤波器的LQR积分控制器.其中,LQR积分状态反馈控制器用来跟踪飞行速度与航迹倾角指令,结构滤波器用来抑制弹性模态.由于在高超声速飞行过程中结构的振动频率与阻尼比是随时间变化的,造成弹性振动偏差大.为此设计了一种鲁棒估计器来在线辨识弹性模态,并将辨识的结构自然频率作为结构滤波器的中心频率.通过在吸气式高超声速飞行器纵向非线性模型上进行仿真验证,结果显示控制方法能很好地满足跟踪指令与结构弹性抑制的要求.     

Robust tracking control for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle with input constraints

The focus of this paper is on the design and simulation of robust tracking control for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV), which is affected by high nonlinearity, uncertain parameters and input constraints. The linearisation method is employed for the longitudinal AHV model about a specific trim condition, and then considering the additive uncertainties of three parameters, the linearised model is just in the form of affine parameter dependence. From this point, the linear parameter-varying method is applied to design the desired controller. The poles for the closed-loop system of the linearised model are placed into a desired vertical strip, and the quadratic stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed. Input constraints of the AHV are addressed by additional linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the designed controller is evaluated on the nonlinear AHV model and simulation results demonstrate excellent tracking performance with good robustness.     

Feedback control design with vibration suppression for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles

This paper investigates the problem of feedback control design with vibration suppression for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle （FAHV）. FAHV includes intricate coupling between the engine and flight dynamics, as well as complex interplay between flexible and rigid modes, which results in an intractable system for the control design. In this paper, a longitudinal model, which is described by a coupled system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） and partial differential equations （PDEs）, is adopted. Firstly, a linearized ODE model for the rigid part is established around the trim condition, while vibration of the fuselage is described by PDEs. Secondly, based on the Lyapunov direct method, a control law via ODE state feedback and PDE boundary output feedback is designed for the system such that the closed-loop exponential stability is ensured. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.     

Fault-tolerant control of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles in linear ODE-beam systems

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the fault-tolerant control issue for a class of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles. Firstly, a longitudinal dynamic model with process faults is established, which contains an ordinary differential equation (ODE) for rigid body, an Euler–Bernoulli beam equation for flexible modes, and a new boundary connection between them; Secondly, a novel fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed to accommodate process faults and suppress vibrations, which relies on the direct Lyapunov method and the bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) technique; Thirdly, in order to compute the gain matrices of the fault-tolerant control law, a two-step algorithm is provided to solve the BMI feasibility problem in terms of linear matrix inequality optimisation technique. Finally, the simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

输入饱和及带宽限制下高超飞行器的闭环稳定边界研究

针对于吸气式高超声速飞行器开环不稳定的动力学特性,研究了控制信号存在饱和约束及带宽限制条件下的闭环稳定边界.首先,简要介绍了吸气式高超声速飞行器的建模方法与动力学特性的主要问题.考虑到飞行器控制信号的幅值限制及带宽约束,综合高超声速飞行器的开环不稳定特性,定量地分析了系统的闭环稳定边界:与系统不稳定极点的位置,其对应的左特征向量及控制信号的幅值约束有关;执行器的带宽限制在此基础上进一步缩小了反馈控制系统的稳定边界.根据高超声速飞行器短周期不稳定特性,解析地给出了闭环稳定边界的计算公式.采用蒙特卡洛分析方法对闭环系统的稳定边界及滑模变结构控制器作用下的稳定区域进行验证.仿真结果与理论分析具有一致性,验证了系统开环特性对于闭环稳定性的限制及控制信号带宽约束对稳定性的影响.     

Robust estimation-free prescribed performance back-stepping control of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles without affine models

This paper investigates the design of a novel estimation-free prescribed performance non-affine control strategy for the longitudinal dynamics of an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV) via back-stepping. The proposed control scheme is capable of guaranteeing tracking errors of velocity, altitude, flight-path angle, pitch angle and pitch rate with prescribed performance. By prescribed performance, we mean that the tracking error is limited to a predefined arbitrarily small residual set, with convergence rate no less than a certain constant, exhibiting maximum overshoot less than a given value. Unlike traditional back-stepping designs, there is no need of an affine model in this paper. Moreover, both the tedious analytic and numerical computations of time derivatives of virtual control laws are completely avoided. In contrast to estimation-based strategies, the presented estimation-free controller possesses much lower computational costs, while successfully eliminating the potential problem of parameter drifting. Owing to its independence on an accurate AHV model, the studied methodology exhibits excellent robustness against system uncertainties. Finally, simulation results from a fully nonlinear model clarify and verify the design.     

Adaptive fault-tolerant control for a class of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles

In this paper, a novel adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is proposed for a class of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles with unknown inertial and aerodynamic parameters and even input constraints. The fault model under consideration covers the case that all actuators suffer from unknown time-varying faults. In the controller design and stability analysis, we introduce new Lyapunov functions, some differentiable auxiliary functions, a bound estimation approach, and a Nussbaum function, which help us successfully circumvent the obstacle caused by the faults, input constraints, and flexible modes. In addition to higher reliability, the proposed scheme is able to ensure that all closed-loop signals are globally uniformly bounded and to steer the tracking errors of altitude and velocity into predefined arbitrarily small residual sets. As a result, the tracking accuracy can be designated in advance. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于模糊多目标的高超声速飞行器再入轨迹设计

针对多约束条件下的高超声速飞行器再入轨迹的优化问题,考虑多个具有不同重要性等级的优化指标,提出基于模糊多目标的轨迹设计方法.首先,利用直接配点法,将最优控制问题转化为带优先级的非线性多目标规划问题;然后,基于模糊满意优化的思想,根据更重要目标具有更高满意度的原则,将优先级表示为满意度序,并设计两步式优化模型.通过调节参数,能获得同时满足优化和重要性等级要求的最优轨迹.仿真结果表明了所提出方法的有效性.     

Adaptive discrete-time controller design with neural network for hypersonic flight vehicle via back-stepping

In this article, the adaptive neural controller in discrete time is investigated for the longitudinal dynamics of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle. The dynamics are decomposed into the altitude subsystem and the velocity subsystem. The altitude subsystem is transformed into the strict-feedback form from which the discrete-time model is derived by the first-order Taylor expansion. The virtual control is designed with nominal feedback and neural network (NN) approximation via back-stepping. Meanwhile, one adaptive NN controller is designed for the velocity subsystem. To avoid the circular construction problem in the practical control, the design of coefficients adopts the upper bound instead of the nominal value. Under the proposed controller, the semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness stability is guaranteed. The square and step responses are presented in the simulation studies to show the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.     

Control variable parameterisation with penalty approach for hypersonic vehicle reentry optimisation

An efficient trajectory optimisation approach combining the classical control variable parameterisation (CVP) with a novel smooth technology and two penalty strategies is developed to solve the trajectory optimal control problems. Since it is difficult to deal with path constraints in CVP method, the novel smooth technology is firstly employed to transform the complex constraints into one smooth constraint. Then, two penalty strategies are proposed to tackle the converted path and terminal constraints to decrease the computational complexity and improve the constraints satisfaction. Finally, a nonlinear programming problem, which approximates the original trajectory optimisation problem, is obtained. Error analysis shows that the proposed method has good convergence property. A general hypersonic cruise vehicle trajectory optimisation example is employed to test the performance of the proposed method. Numerical results show that the path and terminal conditions are well satisfied and better trajectory profiles are obtained, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.