乳腺X线图像计算机辅助诊断技术综述

近年来,乳腺癌严重威胁全球女性的身体健康,乳腺X线摄影是乳腺癌筛查的有效影像检查手段。乳腺X线图像计算机辅助诊断（computer aided diagnosis,CAD）运用计算机视觉、图像处理、机器学习等人工智能先进技术,自动分析处理乳腺X线图像,可为医生在临床中提供重要的诊断参考。主要面向肿块和微钙化病变检测、分割和分类等问题,从传统方法和深度学习方法两个角度,综述乳腺X线图像计算机辅助诊断技术的发展现状。鉴于近年来深度学习方法取得的突破性成果,回顾了经典的深度学习网络模型,着重介绍了深度学习方法在乳腺X线图像分析中的最新应用,对比分析了传统方法的弊端和深度学习方法的优势。对现有技术存在的问题进行分析,并对未来发展方向进行展望。     

基于影像的病脑检测方法综述

脑部疾病严重威胁着人类的健康,而随着计算机技术的发展,CT、MRI、PET-CT等医学图像越来越多地被应用到医疗诊断工作当中,这将计算机可视化技术推向了一个新的高度。脑部疾病的病情各异,有的甚至直接危及生命,因此,脑疾病的早期诊断对疾病治疗具有十分重要的意义。目前,深度学习的火热,及其自动学习特征的优势,使得基于深度学习的计算机辅助医疗诊断成为了研究热点。将简单介绍病脑成像技术,并针对传统的病脑检测方法和基于深度学习的病脑检测方法进行比较、分析和总结,研究其发展现状和趋势,并针对不同的诊断方法对其检测性能等方面进行分析与比较。     

医学影像计算机辅助分析系统的设计与应用

计算机技术的高速发展使得软件在各个行业领域中的应用已经越来越广泛,尤其在医学图像处理领域,合理有效的医学图像可以为临床医师的诊断提供有力的依据,医学图像已经成为现代医学不可或缺的一部分。本文以MATLAB为基础,设计并实现了一种便携式医学影像计算机辅助分析系统,充分利用了MATLAB图像处理工具箱、以及MATLAB提供的GUI开发界面。为医院医技科室提供了一个操作简单,携带方便,功能丰富的影像处理分析系统,有效的辅助了医师和技师的医学图像处理工作,也为高校医学图像处理教学改革提供了新的思路。     

医学图像计算机辅助诊断数据平台研究

计算机辅助诊断系统,是现代医疗事业广泛应用的数字化平台,其应用实现了医疗诊断数据的全面分析,大大提高了疾病诊断准确率,是现代社会医疗事业中不可缺少的部分.本文对计算机辅助诊断数据平台的研究,主要从医学图像应用方面进行分析,为我国医疗的进步提供了技术研发的新领域.     

肺结节DR图像的计算机辅助诊断技术

在胸部DR图像中,肺结节一直是备受关注的焦点,其早期检出及良恶性的鉴别对肺癌的早期诊断和治疗尤为重要。但是由于肺结节形态多变,大小各异以及位置不固定等因素,其检测诊断一直是放射学家的一个难点,随着计算机辅助诊断逐渐成为医学领域的研究热点之一,越来越多的学者致力于开发肺结节的计算机辅助诊断系统,利用计算机辅助诊断系统提高医生在肺结节检测和诊断上的准确率和减少漏诊率。本文介绍了计算机辅助诊断系统的构成,重点讨论了计算机辅助检测和诊断的关键技术,最后采用实验对胸部DR图像进行了肺结节的识别工作。     

甲状腺、乳腺超声影像自动分析技术综述

超声诊断是甲状腺、乳腺癌首选影像学检查和术前评估方法.但良恶性结节的超声表现存在重叠,仍欠缺定量、稳定的分析手段,严重依赖操作者经验.近年基于计算机技术的医疗影像分析水平快速发展,超声影像分析取得了一系列里程碑性的突破,为医学提供有效的诊断决策支持.本文以甲状腺、乳腺两类超声影像为对象,梳理计算机视觉、图像识别技术在医学超声图像上的学术进展,以超声影像自动诊断涉及的一系列关键技术为主线,从图像预处理、病灶区定位及分割、特征提取和分类4方面对近年主流算法进行详尽的综述分析,从算法分析、数据和评估方法等方面做多维度梳理.最后讨论了具体面向这两种腺体的超声图像计算机分析存在的问题,并对此领域的研究趋势和发展方向进行展望.     

基于视觉注意力模型的医学图像目标检测

关于医学诊断图像的研究,为准确显示病灶的位置,提出了一种图像视觉注意力模型的感兴趣区域检测法,即根据肺部关系CT图像的局部视觉显著度检测可疑肺结节,可采用了bottom-up控制策略的机制, 通过线性滤波提取出原始CT图像亮度、颜色和方向特征,计算这些低层次图像特性的高斯金字塔,再进行局部视觉反差仿真计算以得到感兴趣区域,以辅助医生对病灶的筛查与诊断.仿真结果表明视觉注意力模型应用于计算机辅助诊断中可以提高病灶的检出率,降低预处理的复杂度.     

乳腺超声图像肿瘤全自动定位方法研究*

乳腺超声图像肿瘤的定位是计算机辅助诊断(CAD)系统进行肿瘤分割和良恶性分类处理的前提,为此提出了一种全自动定位肿瘤位置的方法.该方法不依赖初始的固定参考位置和强制性后处理规则,能够较大限度地适应肿瘤在超声图像中相对位置的变化.与目前最好的几种自动定位方法相比,该方法具有更高的定位准确率.     

CR数字胸片图像的几种肋骨分割方法

在医学领域里，计算机X线摄影(computed radiography，CR)影像系统已经进入全新的发展阶段。图像分割在医学图像处理中占有很重要的位置，由于医学图像的一些特殊性，不同的分割方法会产生不同的效果。以CR数字胸片图像为研究对象，给出了概率松弛迭代法、K-均值聚类法和高斯曲面阈值法在胸片肋骨分割中的应用，并且对其结果给予了一定的评价。实验结果表明，几种分割方法中高斯曲面阈值法更为有效，它方便后继处理，可以得到比较完整的肋骨信息，为后期的计算机辅助诊断提供更为可靠的实验数据。     

医用内窥镜图像计算机辅助诊断研究进展

内窥镜作为一种重要的医学诊断工具,广泛地应用于多种疾病的诊断和筛查。随着电子内窥镜的广泛应用,基于图像处理技术的计算机辅助诊断算法不断地涌现。就应用于医用内窥镜图像的计算机辅助诊断研究进展予以综述,分别总结了基于人选特征和基于卷积神经网络的内窥镜图像分析方法,最后分析了两类方法在处理内窥镜图像时的优势与缺点。     

深度学习在医学影像中的应用综述

深度学习能自动从大样本数据中学习获得优良的特征表达,有效提升各种机器学习任务的性能,已广泛应用于信号处理、计算机视觉和自然语言处理等诸多领域。基于深度学习的医学影像智能计算是目前智慧医疗领域的研究热点,其中深度学习方法已经应用于医学影像处理、分析的全流程。由于医学影像内在的特殊性、复杂性,特别是考虑到医学影像领域普遍存在的小样本问题,相关学习任务和应用场景对深度学习方法提出了新要求。本文以临床常用的X射线、超声、计算机断层扫描和磁共振等4种影像为例,对深度学习在医学影像中的应用现状进行综述,特别面向图像重建、病灶检测、图像分割、图像配准和计算机辅助诊断这5大任务的主要深度学习方法的进展进行介绍,并对发展趋势进行展望。     

Computer-aided diagnosis: the emerging of three CAD systems induced by Japanese health care needs

The aim of this paper is to describe three emerging computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems induced by Japanese health care needs. CAD has been developing fast in the last two decades. The idea of using a computer to help in medical image diagnosis is not new. Some pioneer studies are dated back to the 1960s. In 1998, the first U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved commercial CAD system, a film-digitized mammography system, was launched by R2 Technologies, Inc. The success was quickly repeated by a number of companies. The approval of Medicare CAD reimbursement in the U.S. in 2001 further boosted the industry. Today, CAD has its significance in the economy of the medical industry. FDA approved CAD products in the field of breast imaging (mammography, ultrasonography and breast MRI) and chest imaging (radiography and CT) can be seen. In Japan, as part of the "Knowledge Cluster Initiative" of the government, three computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) projects are hosted at the Gifu University since 2004. These projects are regarding the development of CAD systems for the early detection of (1) cerebrovascular diseases using brain MRI and MRA images by detecting lacunar infarcts, unruptured aneurysms, and arterial occlusions; (2) ocular diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and hypertensive retinopathy using retinal fundus images; and (3) breast cancers using ultrasound 3-D volumetric whole breast data by detecting the breast masses. The projects are entering their final development stage. Preliminary results are presented in this paper. Clinical examinations will be started soon, and commercialized CAD systems for the above subjects will appear by the completion of this project.     

Computer-aided diagnosis: The emerging of three CAD systems induced by Japanese health care needs

The aim of this paper is to describe three emerging computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems induced by Japanese health care needs. CAD has been developing fast in the last two decades. The idea of using a computer to help in medical image diagnosis is not new. Some pioneer studies are dated back to the 1960s. In 1998, the first U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved commercial CAD system, a film-digitized mammography system, was launched by R2 Technologies, Inc. The success was quickly repeated by a number of companies. The approval of Medicare CAD reimbursement in the U.S. in 2001 further boosted the industry. Today, CAD has its significance in the economy of the medical industry. FDA approved CAD products in the field of breast imaging (mammography, ultrasonography and breast MRI) and chest imaging (radiography and CT) can be seen. In Japan, as part of the “Knowledge Cluster Initiative” of the government, three computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) projects are hosted at the Gifu University since 2004. These projects are regarding the development of CAD systems for the early detection of (1) cerebrovascular diseases using brain MRI and MRA images by detecting lacunar infarcts, unruptured aneurysms, and arterial occlusions; (2) ocular diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and hypertensive retinopathy using retinal fundus images; and (3) breast cancers using ultrasound 3-D volumetric whole breast data by detecting the breast masses. The projects are entering their final development stage. Preliminary results are presented in this paper. Clinical examinations will be started soon, and commercialized CAD systems for the above subjects will appear by the completion of this project.     

Model-free visualization of suspicious lesions in breast MRI based on supervised and unsupervised learning

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has become an important tool in breast cancer diagnosis, but evaluation of multitemporal 3D image data holds new challenges for human observers. To aid the image analysis process, we apply supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition techniques for computing enhanced visualizations of suspicious lesions in breast MRI data. These techniques represent an important component of future sophisticated computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems and support the visual exploration of spatial and temporal features of DCE-MRI data stemming from patients with confirmed lesion diagnosis. By taking into account the heterogeneity of cancerous tissue, these techniques reveal signals with malignant, benign and normal kinetics. They also provide a regional subclassification of pathological breast tissue, which is the basis for pseudo-color presentations of the image data. Intelligent medical systems are expected to have substantial implications in healthcare politics by contributing to the diagnosis of indeterminate breast lesions by non-invasive imaging.     

深度学习与生物医学图像分析2020年综述

医学大数据主要包括电子健康档案数据（electronic health record,EHR）、医学影像数据和基因信息数据等,其中医学影像数据占现阶段医学数据的绝大部分。如何将医学大数据应用于临床实践?这是计算机科学研究人员非常关注的问题,医学人工智能提供了一个很好的答案。通过结合医学图像大数据分析方向截至2020年的最新研究进展,以及医学图像大数据分析领域最近的工作,梳理了当前在医学图像领域以核磁共振影像、超声影像、病理和电信号为代表的4个子领域以及部分其他方向使用深度学习进行图像分析的方法理论和主要流程,对不同算法进行结果评价。本文分析了现有算法的优缺点以及医学影像领域的重难点,介绍了智能成像和深度学习在大数据分析以及疾病早期诊断领域的应用,同时展望了本领域未来的发展热点。深度学习在医学影像领域发展迅速,发展前景广阔,对疾病的早期诊断有重要作用,能有效提高医生工作效率并减轻负担,具有重要的理论研究和实际应用价值。     

A systematic survey of deep learning in breast cancer

In recent years, we witnessed a speeding development of deep learning in computer vision fields like categorization, detection, and semantic segmentation. Within several years after the emergence of AlexNet, the performance of deep neural networks has already surpassed human being experts in certain areas and showed great potential in applications such as medical image analysis. The development of automated breast cancer detection systems that integrate deep learning has received wide attention from the community. Breast cancer, a major killer of females that results in millions of deaths, can be controlled even be cured given that it is detected at an early stage with sophisticated systems. In this paper, we reviewed breast cancer diagnosis, detection, and segmentation computer-aided (CAD) systems based on state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural networks. The available data sets also indirectly determine CAD systems' performance, so we introduced and discussed the details of public data sets. The challenges remaining in CAD systems for breast cancer are discussed at the end of this paper. The highlights of this survey mainly come from three following aspects. First, we covered a wide range of the basics of breast cancer from imaging modalities to popular databases in the community; Second, we presented the key elements in deep learning to form the compactness for methods mentioned in reviewed papers; Third and lastly, the summative details in each reviewed paper are provided so that interested readers can have a refined version of these works without referring to original papers. Therefore, this systematic survey suits readers with varied backgrounds and will be beneficial to them.     

基于数据增强的CT图像病灶检测方法

基于医疗影像的辅助诊断技术正处于快速发展阶段,但是受医学影像数据量的制约,使得基于深度学习的建模方法无法向更复杂的模型进行探索.本文从医学CT影像数据增强方法出发,概述了医疗影像病灶图像的成像特点,针对病灶检测及分割任务对现有方法进行了归类总结,并阐述了当前医学影像检测和分割的难点.分别从病灶检测相关技术、影像数据增强方法、基于生成对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Network,GAN)的病灶检测方法等方面进行了总结.最后,针对医学领域内基于深度学习的数据增强方法:标准GAN、pix2pixGAN、CycleGAN模型进行了对比分析,并展望未来医学影像分析领域的发展趋势.     

飞行器气动模型辅助导航方法的研究概况与进展

气动模型辅助导航是一种新型的导航方法, 将描述飞行器飞行状态的气动模型信息与现有导航系统信息相融合, 可以提高导航精度和可靠性, 近年来受到国内外学者的关注, 有望成为飞行器的新型自主导航方法. 通过对气动模型辅助导航方法研究现状的调研和分析, 阐述了该导航方法的概念与原理; 分析了目前主要的3 种技术方案—–气动模型/惯性导航融合、气动模型/卫星导航融合、气动模型/惯性/卫星导航融合的各自特点; 对气动模型辅助导航方法与当前几种主要的辅助导航方法进行综合比较, 分析了该方法的技术优势与应用前景; 结合目前的研究现状, 探讨了气动模型辅助导航方法后续研究的关键技术和发展方向. 气动模型辅助导航方法与飞行器的气动模型特性、制导、导航和控制流程密切相关, 该方法的研究有助于推动导航、制导与控制(GNC) 3 个方向的各自发展和深度融合.