混合网络中一种基于拥塞概率预测的TCP协议

现有的TCP协议采用丢包事件、拥塞反馈信息或往返时延等信息启动拥塞控制,而这些基于单个数据包信息的方法进行丢包区分的能力较弱,使得有线/无线混合网络中的非拥塞丢包影响了TCP的拥塞控制行为.本文提出了一种新的TCP协议,PceReno(Probability of Congestion or Error),它通过对最近一段数据的拥塞概率预测来决定如何响应当前丢包事件,从而避免盲目的启动拥塞控制.这种先应式拥塞感知和后应式拥塞响应相结合的拥塞控制方法不需要增加额外的开销,完全依赖于原有的拥塞控制.实验结果表明PceReno能够较好地对抗随机错误,有效提高TCP在混合网络中的吞吐量.     

基于UDP的数据可靠传输技术研究与应用

针对使用UDP协议实现网络实时音视频数据传输时的丢包问题,在对基于UDP的数据可靠传输协议——UDT的原理进行深入分析的基础上,提出了基于时间和数据包数目相结合的确认机制和改进的AIMD（加性增加乘性减少）拥塞控制算法,由此实现网络音视频数据的高质量实时传输。实验证明,使用改进的UDT协议,可以有效提高数据传输的可靠性和效率。     

TCP拥塞控制算法研究

研究无线传输优化问题,随着用户的迅速增长,使网络负载大于网络资源容量,引起拥塞、传输延时和丢包等问题.采用传统的TCP拥塞控制算法,使网络发生拥塞的可能性增大,甚至导致网络崩溃.为了解决当前的网络拥塞问题,提出了一种改进的TCP拥塞控制算法.算法根据网络拥塞跟回路响应时间的大小成正比的关系,在源端检测回路响应时间值,同时在网络拥塞产生的临界区域,采取拥塞窗口线性减小的方法,使网络远离该区域,大大降低了拥塞产生概率,避免了传统TCP算法中拥塞窗口值得大幅振荡.经仿真证实:算法比传统TCP算法有较低的丢包率,且吞吐量得到了较大的提高,改进算法能够在一定程度上缩短拥塞恢复时间,降低网络的振荡,提高网络的传输质量.     

TCP-BM:一种适用于异构网络的TCP协议改进策略

针对异构网络中的拥塞控制问题进行了研究,以传统的TCP Reno协议为基础提出一种改进算法TCP-BM。利用往返时延值将慢启动阶段分为三个部分;利用往返时延值将拥塞避免阶段分为正增长和负增长两个过程。网络发生丢包后,通过往返时延值与历史记录的比较以及估计的带宽值的比较,区分丢包原因,从而对拥塞窗口和慢启动阈值采取不同调整策略。仿真验证证明,改进后的TCP算法性能优于传统的TCP Reno协议。     

适用于异构网络的改进TCP协议研究

在有线网络中,网络丢包主要是网络拥塞造成的,而传统的TCP协议主要是针对有线网络设计的。对于无线网络,链路错误的随机丢包成为其主要的丢包,传统的TCP已不再适用。为了使TCP适用于有线-无线的异构网络中,提出一种改进的TCP协议(命名为TCP-Ackflag)。此协议通过接收端判断分组数据的相对延迟趋势来判断网络拥塞情况,并在接收端反馈给发送端的ACK包中定义一个拥塞标志位。接收端在接收ACK包中,记录这个拥塞标志位。为了使网络能达到最大吞吐量,发送端只有在发现产生网络丢包现象后再立即对记录的拥塞标志位的值进行检测,通过检测到的拥塞标志位的值来判断网络拥塞情况,最终决定是进入网络拥塞处理过程还是简单地快速重传过程,从而保证了有线-无线异构网络的传输性能。仿真结果表明,此方案对网络拥塞判断准确性和灵敏性都有极大提高,并在此基础上保证了网络传输性能。     

一种与IPSec兼容的基于有线/无线混合网络的TCP性能优化机制

传统的TCP协议,假设丢包都是由网络拥塞造成的,这不适用于错误丢包比拥塞丢包更容易发生的无线链路,而且现有的很多改进方案无法用于加密通讯中.在分析现有改进算法的基础上,提出一种适用于有线/无线混合网络IPSec兼容的端到端的优化机制.通过接收端数据包到达时间间隔的变化累积来判断无线链路的状况,用ACK标记ELN通知发送端,避免不必要的拥塞控制而导致性能下降.通过NS2仿真实验表明该机制能有效提高TCP传输性能还与现有的安全机制兼容.     

一种改进的TCPW算法在拥塞控制中的应用

互联网的快速发展,给人们生活带来极大便捷,同时也带来了严重的问题——网络拥塞。TCPW是一种基于端到端带宽估计的拥塞控制机制,沿用了TCP Reno在慢启动初始化阶段设置慢启动阈值方法。提出了一种慢启动改进算法,在拥塞避免阶段采用一种新的机制设置cwnd和ssthresh值,减少了慢启动时间,通过NS-2仿真结果表明改进算法在吞吐量、延时及丢包率等方面都有一定的改善。     

TCP协议的拥塞控制策略及改进

TCP是当前流行的一种网络传输协议,其错误控制机制是基于将所有丢包原因都归结于网络拥塞的假设。这种错误控制机制在网络上已获得了很大的成功,但由于其控制算法还存在一些弊端,本文对TCP协议的一个改进方案进行了阐述,提出了进一步研究的方向。     

无线传感器网络中一种优化的隐式跨层传输控制算法

为了提高无线传感器网络的传输质量,对Ad Hoc网络中一种隐式逐跳的跨层拥塞控制协议做了改进.通过路由层、MAC层与传输层合作,使得隐式逐跳的传输控制协议在无线传感器网络中能够适用.路由层采用静态路由协议,设置2个目的接收节点来防止洪泛产生.在传输层通过引入相对信息熵理论实现隐式确认,以提高数据传输的可靠性.在MAC层根据节点距拥塞区域的跳数来决定信道竟用的退避时间.跨层设计有效地解决了无线传感器网络中的传输控制问题.通过Matlab仿真证明:与现有的传输层协议相比,改进的方法能降低网络的负载,增加网络的吞吐量,减少网络的延迟和丢包率.     

基于RTT的TCP拥塞控制慢启动改进算法

分析目前TCP拥塞控制的慢启动策略及其存在的短连接带宽浪费、过度丢包等实际问题,提出一种基于RTT（Round Rrip Time,往返时延）反馈的TCP慢启动改进算法SS IM(Slow Start Improved)。改进算法在慢启动过程前期为快速利用当前有效网络带宽,拥塞窗口保持较高速度增长,后期为避免加重网络拥塞,根据当前网络状况动态地缓慢调整拥塞窗口增长因子,使cwnd（congestion window,拥塞窗口）平滑过渡到ssthresh（slow start threshold,慢启动阈值）。性能分析和NS2仿真实验结果表明,改进算法能有效地减少分组丢包数,提高网络吞吐量,降低路由排队时延,平缓数据突发量冲击,降低网络拥塞发生的可能性,利于网络性能的提高。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。