一种新的指纹脊线提取方法

本文提出一种新的指纹脊线提取方法。首先利用灰度形态学，结合条件模板进行滤波，然后用Ｏｔｓｕ方法分割得到二值图像，再将原图反相，进行上述同样处理，最后融合两次分割的结果，提取指纹脊线。实验结果证明本法具有抗噪性、旋转不变性。     

基于对称方向滤波的指纹图像二值化

提出了一种结合方向信息的背景分割算法,能简单有效地将指纹从背景区域分割出来.还提出了一种对称滤波模板算法,不仅使脊线和谷线清晰分离而且矫正了纹线的方向并使脊线向中心集中,最后使用动态阈值法得到指纹二值化图像.实验表明,该算法对不同质量的指纹图像,能有效地抑制噪声,得到平滑连接的二值图像.     

一种面向指纹识别的鲁棒脊线跟踪算法

由于传统的指纹识别系统大多要进行二值化和细化过程将消耗大量的计算时间,提出了一种基于脊线跟踪的指纹图像特征点提取算法.在灰度级指纹图像上,沿脊线方向自适应跟踪指纹脊线,直至该条脊线终止或与其他脊线相交,得到一幅细化后的指纹骨架图和附在其上的细节点信息.跟踪过程中,在关键点处进行脊线方向估计和局部滤波,跳跃式地获得脊线骨架点.对于提取到的末端点和交叉点,根据指纹图像的结构特征和统计结果相结合进行去伪后处理.实验证明算法的有效性.     

频率域自适应指纹图像增强算法研究

根据指纹在频率域中的特点,提出一种新方法来获取指纹脊线方向和频率。该方法不仅能够快速准确提取出指纹局部区域的方向和频率,而且对不同类型的指纹具有自适应性。实验证明,在质量较差的指纹图像中,算法对指纹图像的增强在实时性和准确性上均有大的提高。     

一种指纹合成的方法及其实现

提出并实现了一种指纹合成方法.该方法通过新的联合方向场模型生成更加符合真实指纹的方向场,并提出一种新的指纹密度图的表示方法.然后,通过改进的Gabor滤波器生成指纹脊线纹理.该方法包括两个主要步骤:首先,经过指纹方向场生成、密度图生成和脊线纹理生成产生一个指纹模板图像;然后对指纹模板图像进行一系列变换,包括添加划痕、纹理平移、脊线的膨胀/腐蚀、脊线的弹性形变、脊线的加噪和平滑、图像的平移和旋转、改变对比度、添加背景噪声,最终得到类似于真实指纹的合成指纹图像.基于该方法的指纹生成器平台,已在2004年中国生     

一种基于脊线特征的指纹匹配算贩

指纹的脊线几乎构成了指纹的全部特征,其整体结构和趋势是确定指纹的重要依据.本文算法引入了一种描述指纹脊线趋势的特征向量,并且基于该特征向量提出了一种新颖的匹配算法.算法首先在指纹图像的特征区域中进行脊线采样,根据采样结果提取脊线的特征向量,把特征向量的相似度作为指纹匹配的依据.算法避开了传统细节点匹配方法的限制,有效利用了脊线趋势的稳定性和脊线间的相对关系.实验结果表明,本文算法具有较高的匹配精度.     

指纹图像融合迭代增强

从刑事现场采集的嫌疑人的指纹图像常是低质量的、残缺的,针对现有方法只做一次增强或不适合增强这类指纹图像,提出了指纹图像融合迭代增强方法。该方法分别在频域和空域两次增强,并采用小波图像融合技术进行迭代增强,有效地提高了脊线的清晰度,接续了脊线的断裂,修补了脊线的残缺。实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的指纹图像增强效果,适合增强低质量的指纹图像。     

一种基于脊线特征的指纹匹配算法

指纹的脊线几乎构成了指纹的全部特征，其整体结构和趋势是确定指纹的重要依据。本文算法引入了一种描述指纹脊线趋势的特征向量，并且基于该特征向量提出了一种新颖的匹配算法。算法首先在指纹图像的特征区域中进行脊线采样，根据采样结果提取脊线的特征向量，把特征向量的相似度作为指纹匹配的依据。算法避开了传统细节点匹配方法的限制，有效利用了脊线趋势的稳定性和脊线间的相对关系。实验结果表明，本文算法具有较高的匹配精度。     

基于矢量三角法的指纹特征匹配算法的研究

指纹匹配是自动指纹识别系统(Automatic Fingerprint Identification System，AHS)中最重要的问题之一。文中主要针对如何确定两幅指纹图(模板和输入图像)的参照点问题，提出了一种基于指纹脊线结构和矢量三角法相结合的算法，将脊线信息引入匹配过程中，并在极坐标下进行细节点匹配。仿真实验表明，该方法不依赖指纹图的中心区域，具有旋转平移不变性，不仅能很好地区分来自不同指纹的图像，而且有较好的匹配结果。     

基于方向图和Gabor滤波的指纹预处理算法

指纹图像在预处理过程中往往受多方面因素制约,有时无法满足指纹识别系统的要求。本文在传统指纹预处理算法基础上,给出一种有效的指纹预处理改进算法。首先,采用分块方差梯度分割算法分离指纹图像和背景区;再根据指纹特征,用方向图和均值滤波器进行图像增强,并用简化的Gabor滤波器,改进滤波模板滤除边缘模糊效应。二值化、细化并删除伪特征点后,提取出指纹脊线骨架并获得指纹特征点。实验表明,该预处理算法对不同质量的指纹图像均具有较好效果,算法灵活高效、易于实现、精确度高,达到了指纹识别系统的要求。     

Latent overlapped fingerprint separation: a review

Fingerprint matching is a widely used process to aid in crime scene investigation, where fingerprint fragments are often found on objects and surfaces. In such cases, the lifted fingerprints (called latents) are usually of poor quality and often appear overlapped and against a noisy background. These aspects make latent fingerprint – especially overlapped latent fingerprints – segmentation and enhancement (for subsequent matching) a difficult problem, for which several solutions have been proposed during the past few years. This paper presents an overview of contemporary techniques for overlapped fingerprint separation in the context of latent overlapped fingerprint matching. In addition to explaining the main concepts and surveying the literature in the field, it highlights the importance of the overlapped fingerprint segmentation (ROI extraction) process, a step for which there are no automatic techniques yet.     

Fusion-based encryption scheme for cancelable fingerprint recognition

This paper presents a fingerprint image encryption scheme based on fingerprint image fusion with another visible image that is rich in details. The encryption process is performed with chaotic Baker map, which has large immunity to noise. The image fusion process is performed with the Haar wavelet transform, and it can be implemented with the average or maximum fusion rule. The fusion process is performed, because fingerprint images are not rich in details, and hence the direct application of chaotic Baker map encryption will not be efficient for encrypting this type of images. To obtain an image that is rich in details, it is possible to use another encrypted image with a strong ciphering algorithm such as the RC6. Several perspectives are considered for performance evaluation of the proposed encryption scheme including visual inspection, histogram analysis, correlation coefficient, entropy analysis, processing time, and the effect of noise after decryption. The proposed fingerprint encryption scheme is appropriate for cancelable biometric applications to preserve the privacy of users by keeping their original fingerprints away from usage in the recognition system. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed image encryption scheme gives a proficient and secure path for unique encrypted fingerprints. Both Equal Error Rate (EER) and Area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AROC) curve are used for performance evaluation of the proposed cancelable fingerprint recognition scheme revealing high performance.

     

Singular points detection based on multi-resolution in fingerprint images

The singular points of fingerprints, namely core and delta, play an important role in fingerprint recognition and classification systems. Several traditional methods have been proposed; however, these methods cannot achieve the reliable and accurate detection of poor-quality fingerprints. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed which combines improved Poincaré index and multi-resolution analysis to detect singular points. Conventional Poincaré index method is improved on the basis of the Zero-pole Model analysis to detect singular points with different resolutions. A model is presented to extract the multi-resolution information of the fingerprint pattern; this model divides fingerprint image into nonoverlapping blocks corresponding to different block sizes on the basis of wavelet functions to compute multiple resolution directional fields, and block position shifting is performed on these resolution levels to capture the features of the ridge direction patterns, where the corresponding shifting intervals are based on Sampling theorem. The relationship of singularities detected by improved Poincaré index in different resolution directional fields is used to confirm singular points accurately and reliably. The combination of local and global information makes our algorithm more robust to noise than methods that use local information only, and the existence of this algorithm increases the insight into the nature of singular points extraction. The accuracy and reliability of the method are demonstrated by experiment on database NIST-4, public fingerprint databases FVC02 DB1 and DB2.     

指纹图像多尺度分类字典稀疏增强

目的 自动指纹识别系统大多是基于细节点匹配的,系统性能依赖于输入指纹质量。输入指纹质量差是目前自动指纹识别系统面临的主要问题。为了提高系统性能,实现对低质量指纹的增强,提出了一种基于多尺度分类字典稀疏表示的指纹增强方法。方法 首先,构建高质量指纹训练样本集,基于高质量训练样本学习得到多尺度分类字典;其次,使用线性对比度拉伸方法对指纹图像进行预增强,得到预增强指纹;然后,在空域对预增强指纹进行分块,基于块内点方向一致性对块质量进行评价和分级;最后,在频域构建基于分类字典稀疏表示的指纹块频谱增强模型,基于块质量分级机制和复合窗口策略,结合频谱扩散,基于多尺度分类字典对块频谱进行增强。结果 在指纹数据库FVC2004上将提出算法与两种传统指纹增强算法进行了对比实验。可视化和量化实验结果均表明,相比于传统指纹增强算法,提出的方法具有更好的鲁棒性,能有效改善低质量输入指纹质量。结论 通过将指纹脊线模式先验引入分类字典学习,为拥有不同方向类别的指纹块分别学习一个更为可靠的字典,使得学习到的分类字典拥有更可靠的脊线模式信息。块质量分级机制和复合窗口策略不仅有助于频谱扩散,改善低质量块的频谱质量,而且使得多尺度分类字典能够成功应用,克服了增强准确性和抗噪性之间的矛盾,使得块增强结果更具稳定性和可靠性,显著提升了低质量指纹图像的增强质量。     

基于梯度矢量的指纹特征检出算法研究

自动指纹识别的关键技术之一是指纹特征的检出。目前,指纹特征检出大多是先采用图像增强和图像分割技术检出指纹纹线,然后从指纹纹线图像中检出指纹特征。用这些方法检出的指纹特征依赖于图像分割的精度,而且检出过程比较复杂,运算速度比较慢。为此,提出一种直接按指纹梯度矢量的方向图进行指纹特征检出的算法。文中的算法是先采用拓宽的Prewitt算子计算指纹图像的梯度矢量图,然后计算梯度矢量的方向一致率,最后由方向一致率图检出指纹特征点。首先介绍方法的基本原理,然后给出了采用提出的方法检出指纹特征的实验例子。     

Altered fingerprints: analysis and detection

The widespread deployment of Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) in law enforcement and border control applications has heightened the need for ensuring that these systems are not compromised. While several issues related to fingerprint system security have been investigated, including the use of fake fingerprints for masquerading identity, the problem of fingerprint alteration or obfuscation has received very little attention. Fingerprint obfuscation refers to the deliberate alteration of the fingerprint pattern by an individual for the purpose of masking his identity. Several cases of fingerprint obfuscation have been reported in the press. Fingerprint image quality assessment software (e.g., NFIQ) cannot always detect altered fingerprints since the implicit image quality due to alteration may not change significantly. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) compiling case studies of incidents where individuals were found to have altered their fingerprints for circumventing AFIS, 2) investigating the impact of fingerprint alteration on the accuracy of a commercial fingerprint matcher, 3) classifying the alterations into three major categories and suggesting possible countermeasures, 4) developing a technique to automatically detect altered fingerprints based on analyzing orientation field and minutiae distribution, and 5) evaluating the proposed technique and the NFIQ algorithm on a large database of altered fingerprints provided by a law enforcement agency. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach in detecting altered fingerprints and highlight the need to further pursue this problem.     

A novel neural network based approach to latent overlapped fingerprints separation

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Overlapped fingerprints are often found in latent fingerprints lifted from crime scenes and in live-scan fingerprint images when the surface of fingerprint...     

Singular point detection by shape analysis of directional fields in fingerprints

This paper presents a new fingerprint singular point detection method that is type-distinguishable and applicable to various fingerprint images regardless of their resolutions. The proposed method detects singular points by analyzing the shapes of the local directional fields of a fingerprint image. Using the predefined rules, all types of singular points (upper core, lower core, and delta points) can be extracted accurately and delineated in terms of the type of singular points. In case of arch-type fingerprints there exists no singular point, but reference points for arch-type fingerprints are required to be detected for registration. Therefore, we propose a new reference point detection method for arch-type fingerprints as well. The result of the experiments on the two public databases (FVC2000 2a, FVC2002 2a) with different resolutions demonstrates that the proposed method has high accuracy in locating each types of singular points and detecting the reference points of arch-type fingerprints without regard to their image resolutions.     

A minutia-based partial fingerprint recognition system

Matching incomplete or partial fingerprints continues to be an important challenge today, despite the advances made in fingerprint identification techniques. While the introduction of compact silicon chip-based sensors that capture only part of the fingerprint has made this problem important from a commercial perspective, there is also considerable interest in processing partial and latent fingerprints obtained at crime scenes. When the partial print does not include structures such as core and delta, common matching methods based on alignment of singular structures fail. We present an approach that uses localized secondary features derived from relative minutiae information. A flow network-based matching technique is introduced to obtain one-to-one correspondence of secondary features. Our method balances the tradeoffs between maximizing the number of matches and minimizing total feature distance between query and reference fingerprints. A two-hidden-layer fully connected neural network is trained to generate the final similarity score based on minutiae matched in the overlapping areas. Since the minutia-based fingerprint representation is an ANSI-NIST standard [American National Standards Institute, New York, 1993], our approach has the advantage of being directly applicable to existing databases. We present results of testing on FVC2002's DB1 and DB2 databases.     

Fingerprint classification based on Adaboost learning from singularity features

Fingerprint classification is an important indexing scheme to narrow down the search of fingerprint database for efficient large-scale identification. It is still a challenging problem due to the intrinsic class ambiguity and the difficulty for poor quality fingerprints. In this paper, we presents a fingerprint classification algorithm that uses Adaboost learning method to model multiple types of singularity features. Firstly, complex filters are used to detect the singularities. For powerful representation, we compute the complex filter responses of the detected singularities at multiple scales and a feature vector is constructed for each scale that consists of the relative position and direction and the certainties of the singularities. Adaboost learning method is then applied on decision trees to design a classifier for fingerprint classification. Finally, fingerprint class is determined by the ensemble of the classification results at multiple scales. The experimental results and comparisons on NIST-4 database have shown the effectiveness and superiority of the fingerprint classification algorithm.