蒽醌的合成、晶体结构及量子化学研究

以蒽、马来酸酐,氢氧化钾和三氮唑为原料,合成了标题化合物蒽醌,经IR和元素分析对化合物进行了初步表征.用X-射线单品衍射仪测定了其晶体结构,同时使用G03程序对该化合物进行了计算量子化学,探讨了化合物的Wiberg键级、电荷布居及前线分子轨道的能量、原子轨道布居规律.结果表明:该晶体属单斜品系,空间群P2(1)/c,晶胞参数为:a=0.7799(7)nn,6=0.392 4(4)nm,c=1.560 6(14)nm,β102.662(15)0,V=0.4660(8)nm3,Dc=1.484g/cm3,Z=2,F(000)=216,最终偏离因子R,=0.040 4,WR2-0.0994:标题化合物的能量为-684.322 344 716 au,占据轨道HOMO的能量为-0.325 52 au,LUMO的能量为0.030 76 au,两前沿轨道间的能量间隙为0.356 28au,其能量间隙值较大,说明标题化合物基态的稳定性较好;同时其Wiberg键级及电荷布居的数据与晶体测试结果相吻合,表明理论化学的方法应用于该化合物结构的研究较令人满意.     

有机锡化合物[p-CNC_6H_4CH_2)_2Sn(H_2O)Cl_2]·2H_2O的合成、晶体结构和量子化学研究

对氰基氯化苄与锡粉在含水甲苯中反应,直接合成了标题化合物,经元素分析、~1HNMR、IR和X-线衍射表征分子结构,该化合物晶体学参数:单斜晶系,空间群P2_1/c,a=1.56495(7)nm,b=0.95703(4)nm,c=2.58692(12)nm,β=104.579(3)°,Z=4,V=3.7497(3)nm~3,D_c=1.686Mg·m~(-3),μ(MoK_a)1.664mm~(-1),F(000)=1888,R=0.0424,wR=0.1003;中心原子呈五配位三角双锥构型。利用量子化学G03W程序,在Lan12dz基组,对化合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量、原子净电荷布居及前沿分子轨道组成进行了研究;结果表明:化合物结构分析与量子化学计算结果一致,量化计算的方法可为有机锡化合物的设计和分子组装提供参考。     

化合物C_(12)H_(10)N_4O_2的合成、晶体结构及量子化学研究

以2-吡啶甲酰肼为原料在甲醇和乙酸的混合溶液中合成了标题化合物C_(12)H_(10)N_4O_2。通过采用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了化合物的晶体结构,该晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为C2/c,晶胞参数为a=1.34782(13)nm,b=1.11699(11)nm,c=0.75678(6)nm,α=90.00°,β=97.7550(10)°,γ=90.00°,V=1.12891(18)nm~2,Z=4,Dc=1.425 Mg.m~(-3),F(000)=504;最终偏差因子R_1=0.0492,wR_2=0.1249[对I>2θ(I)的衍射点]和R_1=0.0659,wR_2=0.1352[对所有衍射点]。该化合物分子由N-N键结合形成直线几何构型,分子间由弱的N—H…O氢键作用形成了二维网状结构。依据晶体结构数据使用程序Guassian 03对化合物进行了量子化学计算,探讨了化合物的分子轨道能量、原子净电荷布居规律和成键特征,分析了其活性原子,并预测了其稳定性。     

化合物C36 H24 O6的合成、晶体结构及量子化学研究

在甲苯溶剂中以蒽和顺丁烯二酸酐为原料合成了标题化合物C36H24O6,并测定了化合物的晶体结构,该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P2(1)／c,晶胞参数为:a=1．1255(3)nm,b=0．9482(2)nm,c=1．2894(3)nm,β=103．563(4)°,V=1．3376(5) nm3,Dc=1．372 g/cm3,Z=2,F(000)=576。最终偏离因子R1=0．0436,wR2=0．0886。依据晶体结构数据使用G03程序对化合物进行了量子化学计算,探讨化合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量、原子净电荷布居规律。     

一维链有机锡配合物[(C5H4N-3-CO2)Sn(CH2Ph)3]n的合成、结构和量子化学

通过吡啶-3-甲酸与双三苄基氧化锡反应,合成三苄基锡吡啶-3-羧酸酯.经IR、1H NMR和元素分析表征.并用X-射线单晶衍射仪测定其晶体结构,属单斜晶系,空间群P2(1)/c,晶胞参数为:a=1.06160(7)nm,b=1.46940(10)nm,c=1.60558(11)nm,β=106.4830(10)°,Z=4,V=2.401.6(3)nm3,Dc=1.422 g·cm-3,F(000)=1040,μ(Mo Kα)=1.086 mm-1.R1=0.0247,ωR2=0.0544.中心锡原子与周围原子形成五配位三角双锥结构,N与Sn之间的弱作用形成一维链配聚合物.经分子结构的量子化学计算,探讨化合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量、原子净电荷布居规律以及一些前沿分子轨道的组成特征.     

2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-六硝基二联苯的合成、晶体结构与量化计算

本文以2,4,6-三硝基氯苯为原料在惰性溶剂硝基苯中经Ullmann缩合反应制备出了标题化合物2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-六硝基二联苯（HNB）,通过FT-IR、氢核磁共振谱、质谱、元素分析、X-射线单晶衍射等手段对其进行了表征,根据晶体结构数据使用G09程序对化合物的能量、分子前沿轨道、净电荷、分子静电势及Wiberg键级进行计算。结果表明,该晶体属于三斜晶系,空间群为P-1（2）,晶胞参数为：a=8.2552（8）？,b=12.2204（12）？,c=16.3239（15）？,α=98.413（3）°,β=92.635（3）°,γ=104.424（3）°,V=1571.87（30）？~3,μ=0.16 mm^（-1）,ρ=1.793 g·cm^（-3）,Z=4,F（000）=856.0。标题化合物的两个苯环接近垂直,同时每个苯环上的硝基官能团与苯环不在同一平面。标题化合物的总能量为-1690.06539 a.u.,最高占据轨道能量为-0.31512 a.u.,最低未被占据轨道能量为-0.14872a.u.,前沿轨道能量差为0.1664 a.u.,化合物具有较高的化学稳定性;标题化合物分子键级最小的键为C（5）-N（3）（0.9185）和C（11）-N（6）（0.9185）,为分子中易分解点,化合物的量化计算结果与其晶体结构数据相符。     

异丙基水杨酰腙Schiff碱的合成、晶体结构及量子化学研究

用水杨酸甲酯和水合肼、丙酮在甲醇水混合溶液中合成了标题化合物C10H14N2O3,并测定了其晶体结构,该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P2(1)/n,晶胞参数为:a=0．482 71(15)nm,b=1．560 5(5)nm,c=1．420 8(4)nm,β=90．899(6)°,V=1．070 1 (6)nm3,Dc=1．305g/cm3,Z=4,F(000)=448。最终偏离因子R1=0．047 2,wR2=0．104 3。依据晶体结构数据使用G03程序对化合物进行了量子化学计算,得到了其分子轨道能量和原子净电荷布居规律,分析了其活性原子,并预测了其稳定性,为研究标题化合物异丙基水杨酰腙的生物活性、配合物的合成提供理论指导。     

铜(Ⅱ)配合物[Cu(pydc)(H2O)2]2合成、结构和量子化学的研究

合成标题配合物[Cu(pydc)(H2O)2]2(pyde=吡啶-2,6-二甲根),经元素分析、IR和X-射线衍射表征,该配合物晶体属三斜晶系,空间群P1,晶胞参数:a=0.47166(11)nm,b=0.8973(2)nm,c=1.0337(2)am,α=81.120(3)°,β=85.755(3)°,γ=83.352(3)°,V=0.42865(17)nm3,Z=1,Dc=2.051 g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=25.57 mm-1,F(000)=266,and R1=0.0250,wR2=0.0631[对I>2σ(I)的衍射]和R1=0.0313,wR2=0.0651(对所有的衍射).共收集数据2350个,其中独立衍射点1498个,可观察衍射[I>2σ(I)]点1311个用于结构精修.中心Cu原子与配基原子形成变形四棱锥,分子间通过氢键作用形成三维网络结构.利用量子化学G98W程序,在Lanl2dz基组研究配合物的稳定性、前沿分子轨道组成及能量.     

四(邻羟基苄基)锡的合成、晶体结构和量子化学研究

邻氯甲基苯酚与锡反应合成了四(邻羟基苄基)锡,经X-射线方法测定其晶体结构.晶体属四方晶系,空间群为,I4(1)/a,晶体学参数:a=1.96881(18)nm,b=1.96881(18)nm,c=O.59392(8)nm,V=2.3022(4)nm3,Z=4,Dx=1.567g/cm3μ(Mo Kα)=11.43 cm-1,F(000)=1096,RI=0.0240,wR2=O.0642.中心锡原子与亚甲基碳原子构成畸型四面体.从头计算分子结构的量子化学.探讨化合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量、原子净电荷布居规律以及一些前沿分子轨道的组成特征.     

有机锡配合物{[n-Bu_2Sn(O_2CC_5H_3NCl)]_2O}_2的合成、结构及量子化学研究

二正丁基氧化锡和2-氯-3-吡啶甲酸反应,合成2-氯-3-吡啶甲酸二正丁基锡配合物{[n-Bu2Sn(O2CC5H3NCl]2O}2.经X-射线衍射法测定了晶体结构.晶体属三斜晶系,空间群P-1,晶体学参数a=1.17841(9)nm,b=1.20811(9)nm,c=2.7460(2)nm,α=80.5330(10)°,β=84.1140(10)°,γ=64.2450(10)°,Z=2,V=3.4709(5)nm3,Dc=1.521 mg·m-3,μ(MoKa)=1 628 mm-1,F(000)=1592,R1=0.0430,wR2=0.1005.化合物是以Sn2O2构成的平面四元环为中心环的二聚体结构,锡原子均为五配位的畸变三角双锥形.用量子化学从头计算其结构,探讨配合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量以及一些前沿分子轨道的组成特征.     

Phase diagrams and thermochemical modeling of salt lake brine systems. III. Li2SO4+H2O,Na2SO4+H2O,K2SO4+H2O,MgSO4+H2O and CaSO4+H2O systems

This paper is part of a series of studies on the development of a multi-temperature thermodynamically consistent model for salt lake brine systems. Under the comprehensive thermodynamic framework proposed in our previous study, the thermodynamic and phase equilibria properties of the sulfate binary systems (i.e., Li₂SO₄ + H₂O, Na₂SO₄ + H₂O, K₂SO₄ + H₂O, MgSO₄ + H₂O and CaSO₄ + H₂O) were simulated using the Pitzer-Simonson-Clegg (PSC) model. Various type of thermodynamic properties (i.e., water activity, osmotic coefficient, mean ionic activity coefficient, enthalpy of dilution and solution, relative apparent molar enthalpy, heat capacity of aqueous phase and solid phases) were collected and fitted to the model equations. The thermodynamic properties of these systems can be well reproduced or predicted using the obtained model parameters. Comparisons with the experimental or model values in literature indicate that the model parameters determined in this study can describe all of the thermodynamic and phase equilibria properties of these binary sulfate systems from infinite dilution to saturation and freezing point temperature to approx. 500 K.     

配合物{Cu[PHBA]2(H2O)3}(H2O)3的水热合成、晶体结构、电化学分析及量化计算

在甲醇和水的混合溶剂中通过水热反应,以对羟基苯甲酸和4,4′-联吡啶为配体合成了配合物{Cu[PHBA]_2(H_2O)_3} (H_2O)_3,并测定了配合物的晶体结构,该晶体属三斜晶系,空间群c2(1),晶胞参数为:a=2.4428(5)nm,b=1.14476(17)nm,c=0.72516(11)nm,α=β=γ=90.00°,V=2.0278(6)nm~3,Dc=1.578g/cm~3,Z=4,F(000)=1004。最终偏离因子R_1= 0.0304,wR_2=0.0796。配合物中Cu(Ⅱ)离子与2个对羟基苯甲酸的2个羧基O原子及3个水分子中的3个氧原子配位,形成三角双锥结构,铜位于结构中心。结合晶体结构对配合物进行了电化学性质分析和量子化学计算。     

H2O和O2在Al(111)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用第一原理密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似计算方法对H2O和O2分子在Al(111)表面的吸附性质进行了结构、能量和电子分析,系统研究了这2种气体分子在Al(111)表面的吸附行为及其与Al(111)表面的相互作用机理。计算结果表明：H2O分子易在Al(111)表面的top位吸附且构型倾斜时最稳定,整个吸附过程为弱的化学吸附;吸附过程中表面铝原子的电子向H2O分子发生转移,H2O分子自身的构型仅受微扰作用。O2分子在Al(111)表面的吸附倾向于以分子键平行于表面,表面铝原子向O2分子的电荷转移是O2分子解离的驱动力,吸附过程中O2分子易发生解离,解离后的氧原子稳定吸附于fcc位,其次为hcp位,整个吸附过程为强的化学吸附。     

C3N3(NH2)3、[C(O)NH]3和水双分子间的氢键相互作用

采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311+G**水平上对C3N3(NH2)3、[C(O)NH]3、H2O 3种单体在气相中形成的双分了氢键作用体系进行构型优化和频率计算.通过几何优化得到一系列含多个氢键的复合物.频率分析表明,与单体相比,体系形成氢键作用后,参与氢键形成相关的键的红外谱带位置和振动强度都发生明显的变化,其中C3N3(NH2)3-[C(O)NH]3体系中N8-H9键的红移最明显.同时,通过B3LYP/6-311+G**和MP2/6-311+G**水平计算的含基组重叠误差(BSSE)校正的氢键相互作用能分析表明,C3N3(NH2)3-[C(O)NH]3氢键体系的相互作用能最大,其次是([C(O)NH]3)2体系,采用MP2/6-311+G**方法计算的相互作用能分别达到-14.171 kcal·mol-1和-10.217 kcal·mol-1.另外,通过自然键轨道理论揭示氢键相互作用的本质.     

Phase diagrams and thermochemical modeling of salt lake brine systems. II. NaCl+H2O,KCl+H2O,MgCl2+H2O and CaCl2+H2O systems

This study is part of a series of studies on the development of a multi-temperature thermodynamically consistent model for salt lake brine systems. Under the comprehensive thermodynamic framework proposed in our previous study, the thermodynamic properties of the binary systems (i.e., NaCl+H₂O, KCl+H₂O, MgCl₂+H₂O and CaCl₂+H₂O) are simulated by the Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg (PSC) model. Various thermodynamic properties (i.e., water activity, osmotic coefficient, mean ionic activity coefficient, enthalpy of dilution and solution, relative apparent molar enthalpy, heat capacity of aqueous phase and solid phases) are collected and fitted to the model equations. The thermodynamic properties of these systems are reproduced or predicted by the obtained model parameters. Comparison to the experimental or model values in the literature suggests that the model parameters determined in this study can describe all of the thermodynamic and phase equilibria properties over wide temperature and concentration ranges. This modeling study of binary systems provides a solid basis for property predictions of salt lake brines under complicated conditions.     

Synthesis, crystal structure and quantum chemistry of the organooxotin cluster [(n-Bu)2Sn(H2O)CsH3N(CO2)2]2

吡啶-2,6-二甲酸与(n-Bu)2SnO反应合成标题化合物,并经元素分析、IR和X-射线衍射表征,该配合物晶体属四方晶系,空间群P42/n,晶胞参数:a=1.77103(6) nm,b=1.77103(6) nm,c=l.11717(7) nm,α=90°,β=90°,γ=90°,V=3.5041(3) nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.577g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=1.479mm-1,F(000)=1680 and R1=0.0329,wR2=0.0852[对I＞ 2σ(I)的衍射]和R1=0.0428,wR2=0.0937(对所有的衍射).共收集12600个数据,其中独立衍射点3431个,可观察衍射[I＞2σ(I)]点2723个用于结构精修.中心Sn原子形成七配位变形十面体,分子间通过氧原子的氢键作用形成三维网络结构.利用量子化学G98W软件,在Lan12dz基组对化合物的稳定性、前治分子轨道组成及能量进行研究.     

Calculation and correlation of the Na2SO4–NaCl–H2O2–H2O system at the temperature 288.15 K using the extended Pitzer model

The extended Pitzer model has been used for calculation and correlation of the ternary NaCl–H₂O₂–H₂O, Na₂SO₄–H₂O₂–H₂O and the quaternary Na₂SO₄–NaCl–H₂O₂–H₂O systems at the temperature of 288.15 K. The necessary thermodynamic functions (binary and ternary parameters of interaction and thermodynamic solubility products) have been derived from a least-squares optimization procedure with couples activity coefficient with solubility data and the theoretical solubility isotherms has been plotted. Good agreement with experimental solubility for ternary and quaternary mixtures indicates that the model can be successfully used to predict the component solubility of the electrolyte–nonelectrolytes–water systems containing peroxide. In addition, the Pitzer interaction parameters and the thermodynamic solubility product of 4Na₂SO₄⋅2H₂O₂⋅NaCl and Na₂SO₄⋅0.5H₂O₂⋅H₂O at 288.15 K are obtained.     

H…Cl(O),π…π作用的三维配合物[Cu(phen)2Cl(ClO4)]n的结构和量子化学研究

通过Cu(ClO4)2和phen(phen=1,10-邻啡罗啉)合成配合物[Cu(phen)2Cl(ClO4)]n,并表征其结构,晶体结构为单斜晶系,空间群为P21／c,晶体学参数:a=1．2666(2)nm,b=1．1219(2)nm,c=1．7225(2)nm,β=111．462(8)°,V=2．2779 (6)nm3,wR=0．071。在晶体中两个邻啡罗啉氮与中心铜离子配位形成2个五元环,4个氮和氯原子与中心铜形成变形四面锥,配合物之间邻近邻啡罗啉的芳环通过π…π作用形成一维结构,通过Cl…H和O…H“氢键”作用形成三维结构,邻近邻啡罗啉的芳环相互平衡组成π…π作用形成一维结构。量子化学(HF／LanL2DZ)计算表明,在配合物中HOMO电子(由铜原子的d轨道、氯和氮的p轨道)向LUMO和LUMO-1(碳原子的p轨道)转移。     

Modeling of phase relations and thermodynamics in the Mg(OH)2 + MgSO4 + H2O system with implications on magnesium hydroxide sulfate cement

Temperature-dependent thermodynamic models for Mg(OH)₂ + H₂O and Mg(OH)₂ + MgSO₄ + H₂O systems were developed using the CALPHAD approach. Six magnesium hydroxide sulfate (MHS) hydrates, i.e. 5-1-2, 3-1-8, 1-2-2, 1-2-3, 1-1-5, and 5-1-7, were included in the ternary model and their thermodynamic properties were determined as functions of temperature. The reliability of the solubility data, solubility products and thermochemical data of brucite were evaluated by considering the internally thermodynamic consistency of them. Ternary solubilities of brucite, 5-1-2 and 3-1-8 phases reported in literature were generally evaluated for the development a temperature-dependent ternary model. The models were applied to simulate the phase relations of the Mg(OH)₂ + MgSO₄ + H₂O systems and the hydration products of MHS cement. However, the model is limited due to the lack of reliable solubility and thermodynamic data in the system. Only with the appearance of sufficient and reliable experimental data, the model can really be adapted or evaluated. Provisionally, according to the simulations, brucite, MgSO₄·7H₂O, MgSO₄·6H₂O, MgSO₄·H₂O and the 5-1-2 phase were identified as stable MHS phases, while 3-1-8, 5-1-7, 1-1-5, 1-2-3 and 1-2-2 were metastable. A preferable proportion is MgO:MgSO₄:H₂O molar ratio 5:1:12, from which a cement stone with composition of 88.2 wt% ‘3-1-8’+11.8 wt% brucite or 100 wt% ‘5-1-7’ could be produced, respectively. However, it was noticeable that both of the two cement stones were thermodynamically metastable. The long-term performance of them would suffer from the phase transition to stable state. Moreover, thermodynamically stable 5-1-2 phase is also only stable in presence of MgSO₄-containing solution. Therefore, the poor weather resistant of the material as conventional cement is inherent.