最小比率旅行商问题的引力搜索算法求解

经典旅行商问题的目标函数是总路程最小,而在实际情况中往往会考虑旅行商的收益问题,研究了以总路程和总收益之比为目标函数的最小比率旅行商问题.由于该问题的目标函数是非线性的,比求解目标函数是线性的旅行商问题更为困难,为有效求解该问题,提出一种引力搜索算法.算法基于万有引力定律和牛顿第二定律进行寻优,并采用速度和位置的计算模型.同时结合随机键的编码方法,将搜索个体的连续位置转换为离散的城市访问顺序.给出了算法的具体实现方案,并通过仿真和比较实验验证算法的优化性能.实验结果表明该算法可以有效求解最小比率旅行商问题.     

求解TSP的启发式顺序交叉算子

旅行商问题是经典的NP难组合优化问题之一.在用遗传算法求解旅行商问题时,顺序交叉算子是一种较为常用的遗传交叉算子.使用顺序交叉算子时的交叉点位置是随机指定的,不能反映关键遗传信息,导致算法执行效率较低.在顺序交叉算子的基础上,提出了一种启发式顺序交叉算子.该算子结合顺序交叉算子和启发式算法以得到双亲中交叉点位置,保留了双亲中关键的城市顺序信息.该算子改善了使用顺序交叉算子执行效率低的问题.实验结果表明了该算子的有效性.     

基于递阶遗传算法的多旅行商问题优化*

旅行商问题是一个经典的NP问题,对多人旅行商问题的求解则更具有意义。为了解决所有旅行商路径总和最小为优化标准的多旅行商一类问题,提出了一种递阶遗传算法和矩阵解码方法。该算法根据问题的特点,采用一种递阶编码方案,此编码与多旅行商问题一一对应。用递阶遗传算法优化多旅行商问题无须设计专门的遗传算子,操作简单,并且解码方法适于求解距离对称和距离非对称的多旅行商问题。计算结果表明,递阶遗传算法是有效的,能适用于优化多旅行商问题。     

一种基于近邻策略求TSP问题的改进演化算法

针对贪心演化算法(GEA)在旅行商问题中存在的求解规模小、成功率低的缺点,引入Inver-over倒异算子、贪心算子,改进近邻优化、映射算子、变异算子等策略,提出一种新的改进演化算法来求解中等规模旅行商问题(TSP)。通过仿真实验,验证了该进化算法收敛速度快、求解成功率高的优点,稳定性也更好。     

最小比率旅行商(MRTSP)问题竞争决策算法

针对最小比率旅行商问题,利用竞争决策算法的通用模型,给出了一种基于竞争决策思想、能求对称型最小比率旅行商问题的快速求解方法,经过数据测试和验证,获得了较好的结果。     

带固定半径近邻搜索3-opt的离散烟花算法求解旅行商问题

传统烟花算法求解大规模离散问题存在收敛速度慢、求解精度不高等问题.针对旅行商问题的特点,提出一种带固定半径近邻搜索3-opt的离散烟花算法.该算法基于基本烟花算法进行离散化改进,采用整数编码的路径表示方法来表示旅行商问题的解,对爆炸算子、高斯变异算子进行离散化操作策略设计.为了使算法具有较好的局部搜索能力,提出固定半径近邻搜索3-opt策略来提高算法精度和收敛速度,同时采用不检测标志策略提高算法效率.实验结果表明:该算法能有效地求解旅行商问题,其离散烟花算子在全局收敛能力、收敛精度、求解时间和稳定性等方面均优于传统烟花算子;基准测试算例的最优解平均误差率仅为0.002％,优于对比算法.     

一种求旅行商问题的离散粒子群算法

针对旅行商问题提出一种离散粒子群算法。算法重新定义了速度及其与粒子位置的相关算子,设计了"距离排序矩阵"(保存距离城市由近到远的其他城市的矩阵),并根据它生成可动态变化的优秀基因库来指导粒子高效地进行全局搜索。本文用TSPLIB中的部分案例进行实验,实验结果表明,该算法在求解旅行商问题上有很好的性能,并且具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种求解旅行商问题的贪婪边重组交叉算子

提出了一种新的求解旅行商问题的贪婪边重组交叉算子。该交叉算子吸取了边重组交叉算子的优点,使得父代在进化过程中获得的优良的边能顺利地遗传给子代。同时,在边重组的过程中,该交叉算子引入所求旅行商问题的具体信息以指导新边的生成,从而该交叉算子具有贪婪特征。实验结果表明:对于简单的旅行商问题,贪婪边重组交叉算子能显著提高算法效率;对于大规模的旅行商问题,该交叉算子的效果也较理想。     

基于遗传算法的多旅行商问题研究

针对所有旅行商路径总和最小为优化标准的多旅行商一类问题,用遗传算法优化,并提出了矩阵解码方法。对距离非对称的多旅行商问题的实例进行了仿真,并对不同交叉算子性能进行了比较。结果表明,该算法是有效的,适用于距离对称和非对称的多旅行商问题求解。     

基于混合杂交的遗传算法求解旅行商问题

通过混合使用多种杂交算子，提出了一种求解旅行商问题的新型遗传算法，并给出了实验验证。通过实验用该算法求解了城市数为50到100不等的旅行商问题，获得了比其它算法更精确或更接近最优的解，表明了算法的有效性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate