基于多分类器决策的词义消歧方法

词义消歧问题可以形式化为典型的分类问题.通过学习少量带有词义标注的语料构造多个消歧分量分类器,并利用未标语料动态地对这些分类器进行更新,根据最终分量分类器分别对多义词义项的判定结果,组合决策多义词的义项.该方法无需手工构造大规模具有词义标注的语料库,并且具有较高的消歧准确率.     

基于向量空间模型的有导词义消歧

词义消歧一直是自然语言理解中的一个关键问题,该问题解决的好坏直接关系到自然语言处理中诸多应用问题的效果优劣。由于自然语言知识表示的困难,在手工规则的词义消歧难以达到理想效果的情况下,各种有导机器学习方法被应用于词义消歧任务中,借鉴前人的成果引入信息检索领域中空间模型文档词语权重计算技术来解决多义词义项的知识表示问题,并提出了上下文位置权重的计算方法,给出了一种基于向量空间模型的词义消岐有导机器学习方法。该方法将多义词的义项和上下文分别映射到向量空间中,通过计算多义词上下文向量与义项向量的距离,采用k-NN(k=1)方法来确定上下文向量的义项分类。在9个汉语高频多义词的开放和封闭测试中均取得了突出的成绩（封闭测试平均正确率为96．31％,开放测试平均正确率为92．98％）,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于k-means聚类的无导词义消歧

无导词义消歧避免了人工词义标注的巨大工作量,可以适应大规模的多义词消歧工作,具有广阔的应用前景。这篇文章提出了一种无导词义消歧的方法,该方法采用二阶context 构造上下文向量,使用k-means算法进行聚类,最后通过计算相似度来进行词义的排歧. 实验是在抽取术语的基础上进行的,在多个汉语高频多义词的两组测试中取得了平均准确率82167 %和80187 %的较好的效果。     

基于模板的无导词义消歧方法

词义消歧是自然语言处理中的一个关键问题,为提高大规模词义消歧的准确率,提出了一种基于模板的无导词义消歧方法。利用多义词不同义项的同义或近义单义词对该义项进行表述,综合考虑共现词出现的位置、上下文距离及出现频次,据此构造语境模板,有效地解决了多义词义项确定的困难。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在消歧性能方面有较明显的改善。     

基于MDL聚类的无导词义消歧

无导词义消歧避免了人工词义标注的巨大工作量，可以适应大规模的多义词消歧工作，具有广阔的应用前景．提出了一种无导词义消歧的方法，该方法以hownet词库为词典，采用二阶上下文构造上下文向量，使用MDL算法进行聚类，最后通过计算相似度来进行词义的排歧．实验是在抽取术语的基础上进行的，在8个汉语高频多义词的测试中取得了平均准确率81．12％的较好的效果．     

一种基于Perl的词义消岐方法研究与设计

该文介绍了一种基于Linux环境使用Perl语言实现的词义消岐小系统,算法主要由预处理、计算词向量和上下文向量多义词向量几个过程。通过计算某一义项与目标项的义项词语所具有相似性,比指示其他义项词语具有更强的相似性,以此为基础来完成多义词词义的消歧工作.并对语料进行实验得出结果分析不足,待进一步研究。     

基于依存句法分析的多特征词义消歧

词义消歧在机器翻译、信息检索、语音语义识别等方面具有重要作用。为提高消歧质量,细化特征粒度,提出一种多特征词义消歧方案。通过依存句法分析提取上下文中多义词及义项的词性、依存结构、依存词等特征,细化特征粒度,并根据多特征构造权值函数,选择权值最大的义项作为多义词的义项。实验结果表明,与单一特征词义消歧相比,采用依存句法分析的多特征词义消歧方案细化了特征粒度,提高了消歧准确率。     

基于知网义原词向量表示的无监督词义消歧方法

词义消歧一直是自然语言处理领域中的重要问题,该文将知网(HowNet)中表示词语语义的义原信息融入到语言模型的训练中。通过义原向量对词语进行向量化表示,实现了词语语义特征的自动学习,提高了特征学习效率。针对多义词的语义消歧,该文将多义词的上下文作为特征,形成特征向量,通过计算多义词词向量与特征向量之间相似度进行词语消歧。作为一种无监督的方法,该方法大大降低了词义消歧的计算和时间成本。在SENSEVAL-3的测试数据中准确率达到了37.7%,略高于相同测试集下其他无监督词义消歧方法的准确率。     

面向词义消歧的条件随机场模型库构建

以条件随机场(CRF)作为构建词义消歧模型库的概率模型,利用CRF分别训练高频义项和低频义项标点句语料,应用生成的模型文件进行消歧实验.通过分析标注结果中的概率值确定阈值,以区分标注正确项和错误项.使用表现较好的模型文件和相应阈值构建面向词义消歧的条件随机场模型库.实验结果证明,对低频义项建模的词义消歧效果优于对高频义项进行建模,可以达到80％以上的正确率,并且可以获得较高的召回率.     

一种基于词义向量模型的词语语义相似度算法

针对基于词向量的词语语义相似度计算方法在多义词、非邻域词和同义词三类情况计算准确性差的问题, 提出了一种基于词义向量模型的词语语义相似度算法.与现有词向量模型不同, 在词义向量模型中多义词按不同词义被分成多个单义词, 每个向量分别与词语的一个词义唯一对应.我们首先借助同义词词林中先验的词义分类信息, 对语料库中不同上下文的多义词进行词义消歧; 然后基于词义消歧后的文本训练词义向量模型, 实现了现有词向量模型无法完成的精确词义表达; 最后对两个比较词进行词义分解和同义词扩展, 并基于词义向量模型和同义词词林综合计算词语之间的语义相似度.实验结果表明本文算法能够显著提升以上三类情况的语义相似度计算精度.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate