基于改进容积卡尔曼滤波的认知雷达跟踪算法

在认知雷达目标跟踪过程中,由于存在初始跟踪误差及系统量测方程的非线性等原因,导致卡尔曼滤波算法性能较差.为解决上述问题,将Gauss-Newton迭代方法与容积卡尔曼滤波算法相结合,建立迭代容积卡尔曼滤波算法.算法在迭代过程中利用最新的量测信息并更新迭代过程中产生的新息方差,降低了目标初始状态的估计误差,并且减小了线性化量测方程引入的传递误差.仿真结果表明,迭代容积卡尔曼滤波算法与传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法、无迹卡尔曼滤波算法、容积卡尔曼滤波算法相比,在认知雷达中的跟踪精度更高,稳定性更好,对初始误差的容错性更强.结果可为雷达目标跟踪优化提供科学依据.     

基于序贯无迹卡尔曼滤波的雷达目标跟踪方法

提出一种基于序贯无迹卡尔曼滤波的雷达目标跟踪方法。雷达跟踪系统为离散非线性系统,传统的解决方法是使用扩展卡尔曼滤波。无迹卡尔曼滤波用少量采样点表示随机变量的分布,通过非线性系统传播,能以三阶精度获得非线性变换的均值和方差的估计。为了提高无迹卡尔曼滤波的精度,用序贯无迹卡尔曼滤波方法依次处理方位角、俯仰角和距离,来进行雷达目标跟踪。通过Monte Carlo仿真,验证了该滤波算法比传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波具有更高的滤波精度和更高的计算效率。     

基于加性无迹卡尔曼滤波的雷达目标跟踪方法

提出一种基于加性无迹卡尔曼滤波的雷达目标跟踪方法。雷达跟踪系统为离散非线性系统,传统的解决方法是使用扩展卡尔曼滤波。无迹卡尔曼滤波用少量采样点表示随机变量的分布,通过非线性系统传播,能以三阶精度获得非线性变换的均值和方差的估计。用无迹卡尔曼滤波进行雷达目标跟踪。通过Monte Carlo仿真,验证了该滤波算法比传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波具有更高的滤波精度。     

卡尔曼波形估计法对比研究与雷达跟踪应用

目标跟踪问题,主要应用于雷达数据的处理过程中。目前在雷达跟踪方面有很多滤波方式可以研究和使用,典型算法有最小二乘法滤波、维纳滤波、卡尔曼滤波和自适应滤波等。本文将维纳滤波和卡尔曼滤波比较,通过实验来研究卡尔曼滤波的特性。最后本文简要讨论在蒙特卡罗方法下采用Kalman滤波方法对单个目标点迹进行预测,并借助于Matlab仿真工具,对实验的效果进行评估。     

雷达与红外传感器数据关联及融合算法研究

多传感器信息融合技术在目标跟踪领域已经得到了广泛的应用,末制导融合技术是多传感器跟踪系统中的关键技术之一,而主动雷达、红外传感器的数据融合问题是研究的热点。由于主动雷达发射电磁波容易暴露,红外传感器隐蔽性好,但只能测角,不能测距,采用主动雷达为主、红外探测为辅的数据融合系统进行目标跟踪有利于充分地发挥红外、雷达2种传感器的互补性,使其相得益彰。基于卡尔曼滤波的预测、修正的思想,提出了一种新的融合算法,仿真结果和实验表明:利用此方法可使雷达、红外传感器达到较好的数据融合效果。     

单脉冲雷达测量误差修正方法研究

针对单脉冲雷达上存在的测量误差进行了详细的研究和分析,通过与单脉冲测量雷达数据的误差模型进行比较,并给出了比较的图形,判断出系统产生误差的原因,通过采取四象限比较法总结出了系统误差出现的规律,并由此推导出系统误差模型,从而实现了对系统误差进行有效的修正;同时运用自适应卡尔曼滤波的方法抑制了随机噪声,从而提高了雷达测量数据的处理精度,这一方法在实际应用中证明是行之有效的,并且取得了良好的效果。     

基于容积卡尔曼滤波的异类多传感器一致性融合算法

针对单一光频传感器获取目标特征信息存在的不一致性,提出一种基于容积卡尔曼滤波的异类多传感器一致性融合方法。首先,从原理上分析了激光、红外与雷达三类传感器量测信息的特征及其存在的差异,进而在容积卡尔曼滤波框架下,针对雷达、红外和激光探测等组成的典型目标侦测系统,结合一致性融合策略,通过对目标距离和方位信息融合处理改善目标状态估计精度。仿真结果表明：相对于传统的单传感器滤波方法,所提出的融合方法和策略具有较好的滤波性能。     

卡尔曼滤波的基本原理及应用

卡尔曼滤波在信号处理与系统控制领域应用广泛,目前,正越来越广泛地应用于计算机应用的各个领域。为了更好地理解卡尔曼滤波的原理与进行滤波算法的设计工作,主要从两方面对卡尔曼滤波进行阐述:基本卡尔曼滤波系统模型、滤波模型的建立以及非线性卡尔曼滤波的线性化。最后,对卡尔曼滤波的应用做了简单介绍。     

基于门限体积最小准则的认知雷达波形选择方法研究

针对雷达的目标检测概率和跟踪精度随着目标距离的增大而降低的问题,提出了一种基于门限体积最小准则的认知雷达的波形选择方法。该方法在高斯噪声、线性运动目标跟踪方法的基础上,通过测量噪声与发射波形之间的关系,在经典卡尔曼滤波算法的框架中增加了波形选择模块,来实现对跟踪波形的调节。仿真结果表明,该方法能够明显地提高雷达的跟踪性能。     

空情处理系统中二维卡尔曼滤波算法及实现

空情处理系统中，要对雷达所跟踪的目标用计算机进行实时模拟再现。为了提高模拟再现的精度，系统需要使用卡尔曼滤波算法去除目标测量数据中的噪声数据。参考已有的卡尔曼滤波算法描述，给出了一组详细的方程组来描述空情处理系统中的平面直角坐标系下卡尔曼滤波算法模型，并且基于C 实现了此算法。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate