随机优化问题基于假设检验的遗传算法

为了有效解决具有不确定性和多极小性的随机优化问题 ,提出了一类基于假设检验的遗传算法 .该方法通过多次评价来进行解性能的合理估计 ,利用遗传操作来进行解空间的有效搜索 ,采用假设检验来增加种群的多样性和算法的探索能力 ,从而避免遗传算法的早熟收敛 .基于典型的随机函数优化和组合优化问题 ,仿真研究了假设检验、性能估计次数、噪声幅度对算法性能的影响 ,验证了所提方法的有效性和鲁棒性     

Bounds for closed-loop transfer functions of multivariable systems

A multivariable feedback system y(s)=G(s)x(s), x(s) = u(s)- F(s)y(s) is treated where G(s) ≜ (gkl(s)) is the transfer function matrix of a plant and F(s) ≜ diag(f1(s),...,fn(s)) is that of a controller. A new bound for the transfer function hj(s) that relates yj(s) to uj(s) when fj(s)≡ 0 is given. The main result reads |hj(s)- gjj(s)| < aj(s) if |fk(s)^-1+ gkk(s)| > ak(s) for k = 1,... ,n; k≠j. Here, A ≜ diag(a1(s),...,an(s)) is a diagonal matrix which makes A-B a semi-M-matrix where B ≜ (bkl) is given by bkk=0, bkl= |gkl(s)| (k≠l). A similar result is also obtained for the inverse transfer function.     

Exercise thermoregulation and hyperprolactinaemia

The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL), measured in the peripheral blood circulation, reflects alterations in central brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and dopaminergic activity and is used as a marker of 'central fatigue' during active heat exposure. Significant correlations have consistently been found between PRL and core temperature (T(CORE)) during prolonged exercise. There has been no investigation into the relationship between PRL and other key thermoregulatory variables during exercise, such as weighted mean skin (T(SK)) and mean body temperature (T(B)), heat storage (HS), thermal gradient (T(GRAD)), heart rate (HR) and skin blood flow (cutaneous vascular conductance, CVC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain if a significant relationship exists between PRL and these thermoregulatory variables during prolonged exercise. Nine active male subjects conducted three trials of approximately 60% VO(2peak) at 70-80 rpm for 45 min on a semi-recumbent cycle ergometer at three different ambient temperatures [6 degrees C (Cold), 18 degrees C (Neutral) and 30 degrees C (Hot)] to elicit varying levels of thermoregulatory stress during exercise. Significant differences existed in T(SK), T(B), HS, T(GRAD) and CVC across the environmental conditions (p < 0.001). Core temperature (T(CORE)), HR and PRL were significantly elevated only in Hot (p < 0.05). Moderate correlations were found for T(CORE), T(SK), T(B), HS, T(GRAD), HR and CVC with post-exercise PRL (rho = 0.358-0.749). The end-of-exercise <38.0 degrees C T(CORE) responses were not (rho = -0.129, p > 0.05) but the >38.0 degrees C T(CORE) responses were (rho = 0.845, p < 0.001) significantly related to their corresponding PRL responses. The significant relationships between PRL release and T(SK), T(B), HS, T(GRAD), HR and CVC have extended previous research on T(CORE) and PRL release and indicate an association between these thermoregulatory variables, as well as T(CORE), and serotonergic/dopaminergic activity during prolonged exercise.     

A global control of polynomial chaotic systems

In this paper, a method of controlling a class of non-linear systems, x = F(x,t) (x element Rn) (or xk+1 = F(xk), (xk element Rn)), where F(x,t) (or F(xk)) is polynomial of degree m on x (or xk), is proposed. It can be proved that there exist solutions, x(t) (or xk), through specified open-loop (Hubler) action and a suitable non-linear closed-loop (feedback) action, which can be entrained to an arbitrary given goal, g(t) (or gk) element Rn, and the controlling basins of entrainment BE(g) (or BE(gk)) are global.     

Structural and electron properties of the highest epoxygenated fullerene C(60)O(30), a DFT study

Ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to determine the structural and electronic properties of the highest epoxygenated fullerenes C(60)O(30). For comparison, other fullerene oxides C(60)O(29), C(60)O(3), C(60)O(2) and C(60)O were also studied. The highly symmetrical I(h) structure of the parent C(60) is reserved in C(60)O(30) and C(60)O(30) was calculated to be a nonpolar molecule. It was demonstrated that C(60)O(30) should be more stable than other C(60) oxides such as C(60)O(29), C(60)O(3), C(60)O(2) and C(60)O. Compared with C(60), it is less possible for C(60)O(30) to accept or donate electrons from the reduced EAs and enhanced IPs. The IR active modes and harmonic vibrational frequencies of C(60)O(30) were also discussed.     

Neuromuscular and cardiovascular responses of Royal Marine recruits to load carriage in the field

Cardiovascular and neuromuscular responses of 12 male Royal Marine recruits (age 22 ± 3 years, body mass 80.7 ± 6.8 kg, VO(2)max 52.3 ± 2.7 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) were measured during 19.3 km of load carriage walking at 4.2 km h(-1) and carrying 31.0 kg. Heart rate during load carriage was 145 ± 10 beats·min(-1) (64 ± 5 %HRR) and showed a negative relationship with body mass (r = -0.72, P = 0.009) but no relationship with VO(2)max (ml kg(-1) min(-1); r = -0.40, P = 0.198). Load carriage caused a decrease in vertical jump height (8 ± 9%) and power (5 ± 5%) (P < 0.001). Change in vertical jump power showed a positive relationship with body mass (r(2) = 0.40, P = 0.029) but no relationship to VO(2)max (ml kg(-1) min(-1); r(2) = 0.13, P = 0.257). In conclusion, load carriage caused a reduction in vertical jump performance (i.e. decreased neuromuscular function). Lighter individuals were disadvantaged when carrying absolute loads, as they experienced higher cardiovascular strain and greater decreases in neuromuscular function.     

一类多项式矩阵方程的洁式解法

本文实际上建议了关于两种多项式矩阵方程X(s)P(s) Y(s)R(s)=F(s)和P(s)X(s) Q(s)Y(s)=G(s)的结式阵解法,式中X(s)和Y(s)为未知多项式阵,其余为适当维数的已知多项式阵。这种解法可以形成计算机算法的基础。它可以用于补偿器的设计。     

Stabilization of uncertain systems via linear control

This note considers the problem of stabilizing a linear dynamical system (Σ) whose state equation includes a time-varying uncertain parameter vectorq(cdot). Given the dynamicsdot{x}(t)=A(q(t))x(t)+ B(q(t))u(t)and a bounding setQfor the valuesq(t), the objective is to choose a control lawu(t)=p(x(t))guaranteeing uniform asymptotic stability for all admissible variations ofq(cdot). Our results differ from previous work in one fundamental way; that is, we show that when working with linear controllers, it is possible to dispense with all assumptions onB(cdot)which have been made by previous authors (e.g., see [1]-[9]). This elimination of hypotheses onB(cdot)is accomplished roughly as follows: the system(Sigma) {underline {underline Delta}} (A(q), B(q))is shown to be equivalent to another system(Sigma^{+}) {underline {underline Delta}} (A^{+}(q), B^{+})as far as stabilization is concerned. SinceB^{+}is a constant matrix (independent ofq), the desired result is readily obtained.     

Theoretical investigation on carbon-centered tri-s-tetrazine and its 10 derivatives

A novel species, carbon-centered tri-s-tetrazine (C(4)N(9)H(3)), and its 10 derivatives (C(4)N(9)R(3), where R=OH, F, CN, N(3), NH(2), NO(2), N=NH, N(2)H(3), C triple bond CH, and CH=CH(2)) have been studied computationally. Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study the geometries, electronic structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies, ionization energies of the 11 compounds at the restricted (for neutrals) and the unrestricted (for cations) B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level of theory. Atoms in molecule (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses have been used to obtain the bonding properties. Valence bond (VB) theory is applied to explain the unusual pyramidal structure around the carbon-center and electron arrangements of orbitals. We found: (1) All the species possess novel bonding features and geometrical structures. The atoms on the periphery of each species are sp(2) hybridized. Each of these atoms offers an orbital to form an extensive conjugation system (12)pi(15) (a pi system consisting of 12 centers and 15 electrons). The central carbon atom C13 is sp(3) hybridized, which makes the non-planar molecule shape like a straw-hat. Atom C13 also participates in the conjugated pi system with its sp(3) hybridized orbital, thus forming an extensive (13)pi(16) conjugate pi system covering the whole C(4)N(9) framework. (2) The change of charge on C13 is the largest among all the atoms when the species is ionized and the atomic charges are redistributed. In other words, C13 is the attack center for electrophilic agents. Thus, the species is carbanion-like. (3) All the species have low ionization energies (IEs). The electron ionized mainly comes from C13. They may have wide applications in organic chemistry, in organometallic chemistry and in alkyl lithium chemistry once they are synthesized.     

精甲霜灵的电子结构及圆二色谱性质

采用量子化学密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上对精甲霜灵分子几何构型进行优化;在优化的基础上进行圆二色谱究。计算结果表明:(1)C(8)=O(9)与N(1)、C(3)=O(4)与O(5)之间均存在p—π共轭,N原子上另外2个取代基分别位于苯环上下方为最稳定构型。(2)VCD谱中,C(10)—H沿C(8)—C(10)—O(11)平面的摇摆振动在1020cm-1处存在正性康登效应;垂直于该平面的摇摆振动在1273cm-1处出现负性康登效应。C(2)原子上的C—H摇摆振动在的1334cm-1处存在强的康登效应。C(3)=O(4)在的1788cm-1处出现较强的吸收峰;C(8)=O(9)由于与手性中心的间隔一个N原子,其在VCD谱中未出现康登效应。(3)甲醇溶液中的理论ECD谱,228nm处存在正性康登效应,与实验值符合较好;同时,理论计算还预测标题化合物在201nm处存在负性康登效应。     

Vague故障诊断方法在振动故障诊断中的应用

提出模糊数据[hij]化成Vague数据[hij]的转化公式：[Ki(hj)=hij=[tij,1-fij]=(hij)2,(hij)1/2],以及Vague集[H]和[G]之间的相似度量公式：[Mm(H,G)=1ni=1n3-f(m)hi-f(m)gi-c(m)hi-c(m)gi-d(m)hi-d(m)gi3+f(m)hi-f(m)gi+c(m)hi-c(m)gi+d(m)hi-d(m)gi]。应用Vague故障诊断方法,进行汽轮发电机组的振动故障诊断,其效果是理想的。     

粗糙集中不同核的比较研究

为研究基于HU差别矩阵属性约简的核(HCore(C))、信息熵属性约简的核(ECore(C))、分布属性约简的核(FCore (C))、最大分布属性约简的核( MCore (C))、近似属性约简的核(ACore (C))和正区域属性约简的核(PCore (C))之间的关系,本文给出了上述各种核的简化差别矩阵计算方法,并用上述各种核的计算方法证明了如下结论:在不一致决策表中,HCore( C)(∩)ECore( C):FCore( C) (∩)ACore( C)) (∩)PCore( C);用实例说明了MCore(C))和ACore(C))之间没有关系,MCore (C))和PCore (C))之间没有关系;而在一致决策表中,各种不同核是相互等价的.     

An adaptive design process generated by the integration of systematic design process and design patent protection mechanism

The conventional design processes are merely directed at measures for resolving problems, but fail to feature measures for procuring design patent protection. To overcome such a shortage, the authors have made a breakthrough by integrating the systematic design process (SDP) and design patent protection mechanism (DPPM) to develop an adaptive design process (ADP). The ADP includes 14 steps, as follows: (1) Problem, (2) Analysis, (3) Patent needs, (4) Concept, (5) Patent database searching, (6) Design database searching, (7) Integration, (8) Evaluation, (9) Decision, (10) Claim, (11) Solution, (12) Monitor, (13) Enforce and (14) Patent protection. In actual implementation, ADP allows designers to create novel creations easily and helps efficient procurement of design patent protection. In summary, ADP is a brand new design process with an advanced and effective nature.     

关于图的分数k-因子存在性的一些结果

设g(x)≤f(x)是定义在V(G)上的两个整数值函数,h(e)∈[0,1]是定义在图G的边集E(G)上的函数。令dGh(x)=移e∈Exh(e),其中Ex={xy:xy∈E(G)}。若对所有的x∈V(G)都有g(x)≤dGh(x)≤f(x)成立,称h是G的一个(g,f)-表示函数。Gh是图G的一个支撑子图使得E(Gh)={e:e∈E(G),h(e)≠0},则称Gh是G的一个分数(g,f)-因子。文章给出,若对V(G)中的任意两个顶点u和v,G-{u,v}有分数k-因子存在。则G有一个分数k-因子不含图G中任意给定的边e∈E(G);当G有分数1-因子F=Gh存在时,对任意e∈F,G-V(e)有分数k-因子存在,则G有分数k-因子。     

基于船载太阳光度计的中国海域MODIS卫星反演气溶胶光学参数验证

利用2006~2007年中国海洋大学东方红2号科考船在中国黄海和东海海域的POM-01MK2太阳光度计气溶胶光学参数的观测资料,与MODIS反演结果进行比较,给出了光学厚度、| ngstrm指数和粒子有效半径的对比结果。结果表明：两种观测方法得到的气溶胶光学厚度的一致性较好,相关系数（标准差）达0.97（0.08）,73%的对比结果在期望误差（Δτ=±0.03±0.05τ）之内;季节分类对比结果,秋季和春季相关系数（标准差）均为0.97（0.08）;海域分类对比结果,黄海北部海域和黄海南部海域相关系数（标准差）分别为0.98（0.08）和0.76（0.10）。MODIS反演得到的| ngstrm指数偏低,相关系数（标准差）为0.67（0.23）;按季节分类得到,秋季和春季相关系数（标准差）分别为0.71（0.27）和0.62（0.19）;按海域分类得到,黄海北部海域和黄海南部海域相关系数（标准差）分别为0.87（0.07）和0.70（0.30）。粒子有效半径的对比结果偏差和离散度较大,相关系数（标准差）仅为0.31（0.10）。造成这种现象的原因可能是该海域沙尘气溶胶和人类源二次气溶胶浓度较高导致海上气溶胶光学性质同MODIS反演中使用的光学参量有较大差别。     

The effect of hyperoxia on submaximal exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus

The effects of hyperoxia on submaximal exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) were studied in 25 males. Each participant completed a graded exercise test for the determination of ventilatory threshold (VT) and then a submaximal practice trial with a normoxic gas mixture. The normoxic (20.93 +/- 0.22% O(2); SUB(21)) and hyperoxic (40.18 +/- 0.73% O(2); SUB(40)) submaximal trials were then administered in a random order. All exercise tests were completed on separate days while wearing firefighting gear and the SCBA. Compared with SUB(21), hyperoxia significantly reduced minute ventilation (V(E)), mask pressure (P(mask)), heart rate, blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion, and perceived breathing distress. As expected, hemoglobin saturation remained higher (p < 0.05) during SUB(40). The reductions in both V(E) and P(mask) with hyperoxia imply a reduction in the work of breathing during exercise. Total gas consumption was 10.3 +/- 8.1% lower during SUB(40) when compared to SUB(21), another finding that has significant practical implications for occupational safety.     

C22 BxNy(x+y=2)全部异构体和分子离子芳香性的研究

用拓扑共振能(TRE)和百分拓扑共振能(%TRE)方法,研究从富勒烯C24(D6)产生异质富勒烯C22N2,C22B2和C22BN的所有异构体,研究阳离子和阴离子的芳香性.分析C22BxNy中杂原子取代位置和稳定性之间的关系.结果,中性状态和阳离子状态中,各异构体的TRE都为负数具有反芳香性.但它们的高价阴离子的TRE都为正数则有芳香性.中性状态中,稳定性顺序为:C22N2(1-19)>C22BN(39-64)>C24>C22B2(20-38).形成闭壳层结构时稳定性顺序为:C22B8-2(20-38>C6-24>C22BN6-(39-64)>C22N4-2(1-19).无论在中性状态还是闭壳层结构,当N原子取代C2类碳原子,B原子取代C1类碳原子时最稳定.理论上,预测C22BxNy的高价阴离子有合成的可能性.     

Hyperoxia improves maximal exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

The effects of hyperoxia on maximal exercise while breathing from a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) were studied in 25 males. Each participant completed three graded exercise tests (GXT) for the assessment of maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)): two with 20.95 +/- 0.28% O(2) and the third (GXT(40)) while breathing hyperoxia (40.64 +/- 1.29% O(2)). No significant differences were found between the two normoxic tests, except for a 16W increase in maximal power output (PO(max)) in the second trial (GXT(21)). Compared to GXT(21), hyperoxia significantly increased VO(2max) and PO(max) by 10.0 +/- 3.8% and 10.2 +/- 7.1%, respectively. This was likely due to an increase in O(2) delivery as suggested by the significantly higher oxyhemoglobin saturation. The increase in VO (2max) with hyperoxia was similar to the increase in carbon dioxide production (9.3 +/- 6.5%). No other significant di.fferences were found at maximal exercise. However, at the intensity that elicited VO(2max) in GXT(21), pulmonary ventilation and SCBA mask pressure were significantly lower during GXT(40), suggesting a decrease in the work of breathing. These findings could have significant implications for occupations that involve heavy work with SCBA.     

Studies of tricyclic piperazine/piperidine furnished molecules as novel integrin αvβ3/αIIbβ3 dual antagonists using 3D-QSAR and molecular docking

The development of injectable integrin α(v)β(3)/α(IIb)β(3) dual antagonists attracts much attention of research for treating of acute ischemic diseases in recent years. In this work, based on a dataset composed of 102 tricyclic piperazine/piperidine furnished dual α(v)β(3) and α(IIb)β(3) antagonists, a variety of in silico modeling approaches including the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), and molecular docking were applied to reveal the requisite 3D structural features impacting the biological activities. Our statistical results show that the ligand-based 3D-QSAR models for both the α(v)β(3) and α(IIb)β(3) studies exhibited satisfactory internal and external predictability, i.e., for the CoMFA models, results of Q(2)=0.48, R(ncv)(2)=0.87, R(pred)(2)=0.71 for α(v)β(3) and Q(2)=0.50, R(ncv)(2)=0.85, R(pred)(2)=0.72 for α(IIb)β(3) analysis were obtained, and for the CoMSIA ones, the outcomes of Q(2)=0.55, R(ncv)(2)=0.90, R(pred)(2)=0.72 for α(v)β(3) and Q(2)=0.52, R(ncv)(2)=0.88, R(pred)(2)=0.74 for α(IIb)β(3) were achieved respectively. In addition, through a comparison between 3D-QSAR contour maps and docking results, it is revealed that that the most crucial interactions occurring between the tricyclic piperazine/piperidine derivatives and α(v)β(3)/α(IIb)β(3) receptor ligand binding pocket are H-bonding, and the key amino acids impacting the interactions are Arg214, Asn215, Ser123, and Lys253 for α(v)β(3), but Arg214, Asn215, Ser123 and Tyr190 for α(IIb)β(3) receptors, respectively. Halogen-containing groups at position 15 and 16, benzene sulfonamide substituent at position 23, and the replacement of piperazine with 4-aminopiperidine of ring B may increase the α(v)β(3)/α(IIb)β(3) antagonistic activity. The potencies for antagonists to inhibit isolated α(v)β(3) and α(IIb)β(3) are linear correlated, indicating that similar interaction mechanisms may exist for the series of molecules. To our best knowledge this is the first report on 3D-QSAR modeling of these dual α(v)β(3)/α(IIb)β(3) antagonists. The results obtained should provide information for better understanding of the mechanism of antagonism and thus be helpful in design of novel potent dual α(v)β(3)/α(IIb)β(3) antagonists.     

A differential representation for multivariable linear systems with disturbances

It is shown how to compute a differential representation for a multivariable linear system with disturbancesdot{x}(t)=Ax(t)+Bu(t)+ W_{x}w(t)y(t)=Cx(t)+ Eu(t)+ W_{y}w(t). Explicit formulas forM_{y}(D)andM_{z}(D)in a differential equivalent representationP(D)z(t)=u(t)+M_{z}(D)w(t)y(t)=R(D)z(t)+M_{y}(D)w(t)are presented in this paper.