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1.
基于极大后验估计和指数加权的自适应UKF滤波算法   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
赵琳  王小旭  孙明  丁继成  闫超 《自动化学报》2010,36(7):1007-1019
针对传统Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(Unscented Kalman filter, UKF)在噪声先验统计未知时变情况下非线性滤波精度下降甚至发散的问题, 设计了一种带噪声统计估计器的自适应UKF滤波算法. 首先根据极大后验(Maximum a posterior, MAP)估计原理, 推导出一种次优无偏MAP常值噪声统计估计器; 接着在此基础之上, 采用指数加权的方法, 给出了时变噪声统计估计器的递推公式; 最后对自适应UKF算法进行了性能分析. 相比于传统UKF, 该自适应UKF算法在噪声统计未知时变情况下不仅滤波依然收敛, 滤波精度及稳定性显著提高, 而且其具有应对噪声变化的自适应能力. 仿真实例验证了其有效性.  相似文献   

2.
针对低剂量计算机断层扫描(CT)重建图像时出现明显条形伪影的现象,提出一种结合非局部均值模糊扩散和扩展邻域双边滤波的中值先验(MP)重建算法。首先,使用基于非局部均值模糊扩散方法对中值先验分布的最大后验(MAP)重建算法进行改进,以减少重建图像中的噪声;然后,采用基于扩展邻域的双边滤波方法对重建图像进行处理,以保持图像的边缘和细节信息,进一步提高重建图像的信噪比。采用Shepp-Logan模型和胸腔模型来验证算法的有效性,实验结果表明,与滤波反投影(FBP)、中值根先验(MRP)、非局部均值模糊扩散的MP重建(NLMMP)算法和非局部均值双边滤波的MP重建(NLMBFMP)算法相比,所提新算法的归一化均方距离和均方绝对误差最小,且信噪比最高,分别为10.20 dB和15.51 dB。该重建算法可以在对重建图像进行降噪的同时保持了图像的边缘和细节信息,改善了低剂量CT图像质量退化的问题,获得高信噪比和高质量的重建图像。  相似文献   

3.
改进非局部均值滤波的SAR图像降噪   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在非局部均值滤波(NLMF)的基础上,通过预生成相似集与2DPCA(two-dimensional principle component analysis)对NLMF进行改进,提出一种新的SAR(synthetic aperture radar)图像降噪方法。在NLMF算法框架下,针对SAR图像噪声的特点,首先经预处理选择邻近的子图像生成相似集,然后通过2DPCA提取子图像的主要特征,此过程减小了斑点噪声对相似性度量的影响,最后在降维后子图像的基础上进行相似性度量。通过仿真SAR图像和真实SAR图像的降噪实验,将本文方法与经典Lee滤波、Kuan滤波、Gamma-Map滤波和NLMF滤波相比较,结果表明,该方法无论在边缘保持还是一致区域的平滑上,都能取得较好的效果,是一种有效的SAR图像降噪算法。  相似文献   

4.
熊福松  王士同 《计算机应用》2006,26(10):2362-2365
提出了基于高斯马尔可夫随机场(GMRF)的最大后验概率(MAP)估计在图像高斯噪声滤波中的应用方法。根据高斯噪声的先验特点,建立基于高斯马尔可夫随机场的退化图像恢复模型,从而将图像高斯噪声滤波问题转化为求解最大后验概率问题。先验概率可以根据马尔可夫随机场(MRF)和吉布斯分布(GD)的等效性, 用GD的概率估计。为了求解最大后验概率,第一,通过期望最大化(EM)算法对GMRF模型进行参数估计。第二,用共轭梯度法将目标函数最小化。实验结果表明,与其他滤波器(如高斯滤波、维纳滤波等)相比,本文所阐述的方法在滤除高斯噪声、保持图像原有结构方面效果更好。  相似文献   

5.
上官宏  刘祎  张权  桂志国 《计算机应用》2013,33(9):2627-2630
针对传统最大后验(MAP)算法出现阶梯伪影以及不能有效保持重建图像低梯度值处细节信息的问题,提出了一种基于解剖非局部先验的模糊扩散正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)重建算法。首先,对中值先验分布的MAP重建进行改进,在每次中值滤波前引入结合模糊函数的各向异性扩散滤波器;然后,采用模糊隶属度函数作为各向异性扩散过程的扩散系数,并结合解剖非局部先验来考虑图像的细节信息。仿真结果表明,与传统算法相比,该算法提高了信噪比(SNR),具有良好的抗噪性;同时视觉效果较好,图像边缘清晰,在抑制噪声和边缘保持方面取得了良好的折中。  相似文献   

6.
乘性斑点噪声广泛存在于声呐图像中,严重影响图像质量,该噪声服从瑞利分布 特性。为此,结合基于全变分算法与三维块匹配图像降噪算法(BM3D)设计思路,提出了一种新 的全变分块匹配声纳图像降噪算法。首先对含噪声呐图像利用 2-范数进行块匹配分组;其次由 于声呐图像模糊、纹理细节信息较少等特点,用全变分算法对分组后的图像块进行滤波降噪; 最后对滤波后的图像块进行加权聚类得到降噪后图像。经过实验结果显示,该算法相对于经典 的 Lee 滤波、Frost 滤波、BM3D 和全变分算法有更好的降噪效果。  相似文献   

7.
CMOS图像传感器的自适应降噪方法研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
提出了一种用于CMOS图像传感器的新型自适应降噪方法,并进行了逻辑电路实现。该方法通过运动检测和边缘检测技术进行噪声功率统计和分析,选择性的利用中值滤波、均值滤波以及运动自适应滤波方法,对传感器输出图像进行了数字降噪处理。实验表明本文方法降低了高斯噪声和椒盐噪声的影响,有效提高了图像质量和峰值信噪比。其结构易于电路实现,适用于CMOS图像传感器内部的实时降噪处理。  相似文献   

8.
基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。  相似文献   

9.
提出了一种基于非局部均值滤波的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像相干斑噪声抑制新方法.与传统方法相比,该方法通过利用SAR图像块之间的相似性来辨别具有相同结构属性的像素,从而实现在抑制相干斑噪声的同时有效减少图像结构信息的损失.针对SAR图像中各种结构基元相似性的特点,进一步采用两级非局部均值滤波,来削弱相干斑噪声对结构相似性度量的影响,提高去噪性能.通过采用添加不同程度相干斑噪声的合成sAR图像和真实SAR图像对提出的方法进行评价,实验结果表明,与传统的Lee滤波方法,增强的Lee滤波方法以及各向异性扩散相干斑抑制方法相比,提出的方法在相干斑噪声抑制尤其是结构信息保持性能上有显著提高.  相似文献   

10.
李晓红  张权  刘祎  桂志国 《计算机应用》2012,32(12):3357-3360
针对最大后验(MAP)法对重建图像造成的过度平滑或出现阶梯状边缘伪影等问题,提出了一种基于混合模型的中值先验图像重建算法。首先在中值先验分布的MAP重建的基础上,在每次中值滤波之前引入结合小波收缩和正逆各向异性扩散的滤波器。另外,对于背景区域仍残留有少量噪声的情况下,可以在迭代间的最后,选择加入只针对图像较小梯度阈值区域进行非线性扩散平滑的优良滤波器,从而进一步优化图像。仿真结果表明,该算法在抑制噪声和保持边缘效果方面具有很好的表现,与其他经典传统算法相比,信噪比(SNR)可提高0.9dB~3.8dB。  相似文献   

11.
A method toward unsupervised segmentation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is proposed. In this method, the distribution of SAR intensity image and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm is used to obtain an initial segmentation. Then according to the equivalence between the solid heat diffusion model and image scale-space, multiscale anisotropic smoothing of the posterior probability matrixes is introduced to remove the influence of speckle and to preserve important structure information. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by application to simulated and real SAR images.  相似文献   

12.
In this article, a new denoising algorithm is proposed based on the directionlet transform and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. The detailed directionlet coefficients of the logarithmically transformed noise-free image are considered to be Gaussian mixture probability density functions (PDFs) with zero means, and the speckle noise in the directionlet domain is modelled as additive noise with a Gaussian distribution. Then, we develop a Bayesian MAP estimator using these assumed prior distributions. Because the estimator that is the solution of the MAP equation is a function of the parameters of the assumed mixture PDF models, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is also utilized to estimate the parameters, including weight factors and variances. Finally, the noise-free SAR image is restored from the estimated coefficients yielded by the MAP estimator. Experimental results show that the directionlet-based MAP method can be successfully applied to images and real synthetic aperture radar images to denoise speckle.  相似文献   

13.
Terrain analysis using radar shape-from-shading   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
This paper develops a maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability estimation framework for shape-from-shading (SFS) from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The aim is to use this method to reconstruct surface topography from a single radar image of relatively complex terrain. Our MAP framework makes explicit how the recovery of local surface orientation depends on the whereabouts of terrain edge features and the available radar reflectance information. To apply the resulting process to real world radar data, we require probabilistic models for the appearance of terrain features and the relationship between the orientation of surface normals and the radar reflectance. We show that the SAR data can be modeled using a Rayleigh-Bessel distribution and use this distribution to develop a maximum likelihood algorithm for detecting and labeling terrain edge features. Moreover, we show how robust statistics can be used to estimate the characteristic parameters of this distribution. We also develop an empirical model for the SAR reflectance function. Using the reflectance model, we perform Lambertian correction so that a conventional SFS algorithm can be applied to the radar data. The initial surface normal direction is constrained to point in the direction of the nearest ridge or ravine feature. Each surface normal must fall within a conical envelope whose axis is in the direction of the radar illuminant. The extent of the envelope depends on the corrected radar reflectance and the variance of the radar signal statistics. We explore various ways of smoothing the field of surface normals using robust statistics. Finally, we show how to reconstruct the terrain surface from the smoothed field of surface normal vectors. The proposed algorithm is applied to various SAR data sets containing relatively complex terrain structure.  相似文献   

14.
为了有效抑制SAR强度图像中的相干斑噪声,提出一种改进Sigma滤波并结合Gamma MAP滤波的空域相干斑抑制方法。首先利用阈值判断法判断并保留强点目标,然后结合SAR图像分布模型和MMSE准则判断Sigma区间,其中可以根据图像局部统计特性自适应调整窗口尺寸,最后选择Sigma区间内像素进行Gamma MAP滤波。实验结果表明:对于星载和机载SAR图像,在相干斑噪声抑制和边缘纹理细节信息保持方面,该方法较其他常用的空域相干斑抑制方法具有明显的优越性,能极大地提高SAR图像判读和目标识别能力。  相似文献   

15.
拖尾Rayleigh 分布: 基本性质及其应用   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
孙增国  韩崇昭 《自动化学报》2008,34(9):1067-1075
针对使用拖尾Rayleigh分布对合成孔径雷达(Synthetic aperture radar, SAR)幅值图像建模时遇到的问题, 本文讨论了拖尾Rayleigh分布的相关性质及其应用. 首先, 基于负数阶矩理论, 本文提出了拖尾Rayleigh分布的比值估计、对数矩估计和迭代对数矩估计三种参数估计方法, 并通过Monte Carlo仿真实验比较了它们的估计性能. 其次, 本文使用渐近级数计算拖尾Rayleigh分布的概率密度函数, 基于插值多项式拟合, 提出了高效计算密度函数的三步方法. 最后, 本文给出了SAR幅值图像基于拖尾Rayleigh分布的建模实例. 结果表明, 和一般的Rayleigh分布相比, 拖尾Rayleigh分布可以精确反映SAR幅值图像尖峰厚尾的统计特征, 因此它是SAR幅值图像建模的有效工具.  相似文献   

16.
基于马尔可夫随机场的SAR图象目标分割   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
运动、静止目标获取与识别(MSTAR)计划表明,将合成孔径雷达(SAP)图象分割成目标、阴影和背景杂波区域对于从开放环境中进行目标识别是一种有效的手段。但是由于SAP图象所固有的斑点噪声的影响,传统的分割方法很难获得准确的分割。为此提出了一种基于MRF(Markov random field)模型的SAP图象分割算法。用MRF模型描述待分割图象的先验知识,利用最大似然(ML)估计从训练数据中获得图象各区域的先验概率分布,采用Bayes方法,在观测数据基础上,根据分割图象的后验分布所对应的MRF模型的条件概率,利用Metroplis采样器获得最大后验概率(MAP)准则下的图象分割。通过对MSTAR的样本目标图象应用该算法,结果表明它可以获得稳健和准确的分割效果。  相似文献   

17.
This work proposes new speckle reduction filters for multi-look, amplitude-detected Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach and compares their performance. The new filters use an adaptive approach based on the one-dimensional k-means clustering algorithm over the variance ratio and also a region-growing procedure. The trade-off between the loss of radiometric resolution and edge preservation is evaluated in the filtered images. In order to obtain quantitative measures of the speckle reduction and of the edge blurring, we used some parameters such as the classical equivalent number of looks and the Hough transform. Experiments have been carried out with natural images corrupted with synthetic speckle noise following the Rayleigh and square root of gamma distributions and with real SAR images.  相似文献   

18.
A neural network-based method for speckle removal in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is introduced. The method rests on the idea that a neural network learning machine, trained on artificially generated input–target couples, can be used to efficiently process real SAR data. The explicit plus-point of the method is that it is trained with artificially generated data, reducing the demands put on real input data such as data quality, availability and cost price. The artificial data can be generated in such a way that they fit the particular characteristics of the images to be denoised, yielding case-specific, high-performing despeckling filters. A comparative study with three classical denoising techniques (Enhanced Frost (EF), Enhanced Lee (EL) and Gamma MAP (GM)) and a wavelet filter demonstrated a superior speckle removal performance of the proposed method in terms of quantitative performance measures. Moreover, qualitative evaluation of the despeckled results was in favour of the proposed method, confirming its speckle removal efficiency.  相似文献   

19.
Variational maximum A posteriori by annealed mean field analysis   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
This paper proposes a novel probabilistic variational method with deterministic annealing for the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of complex stochastic systems. Since the MAP estimation involves global optimization, in general, it is very difficult to achieve. Therefore, most probabilistic inference algorithms are only able to achieve either the exact or the approximate posterior distributions. Our method constrains the mean field variational distribution to be multivariate Gaussian. Then, a deterministic annealing scheme is nicely incorporated into the mean field fix-point iterations to obtain the optimal MAP estimate. This is based on the observation that when the covariance of the variational Gaussian distribution approaches to zero, the infimum point of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the variational Gaussian and the real posterior would be the same as the supreme point of the real posterior. Although global optimality may not be guaranteed, our extensive synthetic and real experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.  相似文献   

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