PKUMoDEL:模型驱动的开发和语言家族支持环境

OMG发布的UML语言家族和MDA架构促进了模型驱动软件开发的思想成为现实.建模语言版本升级或者面向不同领域的语言家族新增成员的不断出现,要求模型驱动开发环境除了使得模型成为软件开发生命周期中的主体之外,还应该具有元模型的定义和操纵能力.模型驱动的开发和语言家族支持环境PKUMoDEL是基于MOF的元建模环境和基于UML2.0的建模环境的集成体,很好地解决了诸如元模型的定义、扩展和评估、建模工具的自适应和演化、不同类型工具之间的集成、模型复用、从模型到运行环境的直接映射和部署等问题.     

一种支持MDD的ICES-Modeling建模语言和建模工具

随着模型驱动体系结构的理论和技术的不断发展,模型已成为软件开发的核心元素。因此,支持模型驱动体系结构的建模语言和建模工具成为研究热点。本文提出一种支持模型驱动的软件开发的ICES-Modeling建模语言,该语言融合了现有的建模方法的一些思想,可以有效地描述领域内的概念,概念与概念之间的关系。还针对该建模语言,设计并开发了建模工具,该建模工具具有支持建模语言的定义,方便模型的理解,支持多角度建模等特点。     

一种基于MOF的两级建模工具的设计与实现

MOF（Meta Object Facility）作为MDA（Model Driven Architecture）的一种语言定义机制,可以跨平台开发各种软件。为提高建模软件的通用性,设计并开发了基于MOF两级建模的通用建模工具GMT（General Modeling Tool）。设计采用了MVC模式把系统分成界面、操作和数据库三部分,用消息同步传递机制和Observer模式保证各部分数据的一致性。在界面呈现过程中,用Factory模式创建每个模型元素,用线程内部类作为计数器来定时绘制图形。在对所研究的领域进行分析、抽象的基础上进行元建模和领域建模,从而建立了特定领域的系统模型。该系统能够提供领域元建模、领域建模,建模结果保存在模型仓库;模型仓库中的模型可以通过应用Make工具定制到具体应用组件;通用建模工具的最终产品能够实现通用的领域建模的能力。     

一种面向图形化建模语言表示法的元模型

对于图形化的建模语言,为定义其表示法一般需要解决3个问题:如何定义每个建模元素的图形符号,如何定义图形符号之间的位置关系以及如何将表示法映射到抽象语法.为了方便进行模型转换和代码生成,还需要使用模型化的方式描述建模语言的表示法.通过对UML及其语言家族中的表示法进行总结、分析和归纳,提出了一种表示法定义元模型(notation definition metamodel,简称NDM).针对定义表示法所面临的3个问题,NDM被分成基本图元及其布局、基本位置关系和抽象语法桥三部分.使用NDM定义好的表示法模型还可以通过代码生成技术生成可使用的源代码.将NDM与其他几种定义表示法的方法进行了比较,结果表明,NDM与其他方法相比具有优势.NDM已经在元建模工具PKU MetaModeler中实现.介绍了NDM在实际应用中的几个案例.     

基于SHML的CPS行为建模及仿真

信息物理融合系统（cyber-physical systems，简称CPS）是深度融合了计算进程和物理进程的统一体，是集计算、通信与控制于一体的下一代智能系统，具有广阔的应用前景.CPS的行为具有混成性、随机性等特征，建模及仿真CPS的动态行为对于开发高质量的CPS系统至关重要.但是目前缺乏面向CPS的领域建模方法及建模CPS的领域建模语言，也迫切需要支持仿真CPS领域模型的仿真工具.针对以上问题，提出一种面向CPS领域的随机混成建模语言（stochastic hybrid modeling language，简称SHML）以支持建模CPS系统的行为.首先，根据CPS的领域特征定义了SHML的元模型作为其抽象语法，并定义了SHML的具体语法和操作语义；其次，基于GEMOC框架实现了SHML的可视化建模工具.此外，集成GEMOC的序列化执行引擎和Scilab的连续行为仿真引擎，实现仿真CPS的混成行为.提出了一种面向CPS领域的建模及仿真方法，设计并实现了一个集成的面向CPS行为的建模与仿真平台，为CPS的建模及仿真提供了一种有效的方法及工具支撑.     

从UML到元建模研究理解

随着UML的流行,掀起了人们对于元建模研究的热潮,UML是一种标准的图形化建模语言,但是人为的为不同的软件开发不同的建模语言费时费力,而元建模的诞生解决了这个问题。本文以UML功用和特点,元建模各个模块之间的关系做了浅显的分析和理解。     

MDA环境下可变性元建模方法研究

为模型提供可变性支持对于模型驱动软件开发的实践具有重要意义。可变性建模有利于捕捉领域概念及其特征的共性和差异性,为构造应用模型簇提供了一种模型复用的途径。在研究特征建模的可变性机制和MDA标准建模语言对可变性表示不足的基础上,提出了一种可变性元建模方法,构造可变性概要以支持原子、成组等可变性描述,开发了可变性验证和模型转换算法。通过实际项目的验证,该方法为基于可变性建模的模型内容复用提供了有效支持。     

基于特定领域建模的综合航电分区级元模型研究

针对当前综合模块化航空电子系统（IMA）开发中存在的问题，提出了一种基于特定领域元模型的综合航电分区级系统建模方法。通过分析提取航电系统分区内核对象特性及相互间联系，采用基于面向领域的元建模分析方法，构建了综合航电分区级通信的元模型，通过建模工具将元模型解析生成了面向领域的元建模语言。通过实例分析验证，该建模语言接近ARINC653标准对于分区内核对象的定义，具有较好的可理解性、易用性，可显著提高航电系统的开发效率，为基于元模型的综合航电系统建模方法奠定基础。     

特定领域建模与代码生成的研究与实现

DSM 通过提高抽象程度实现软件生产力的提高。本文在深入研究DSM 与元建模以及代码生成等技术后,提出一种特定领域建模与代码生成的方法,并建立起它的实现。本文归纳总结了创建特定领域元模型及其实现的方法与原则;介绍了使用GMF 通过特定领域元模型快速定制生成特定领域建模工具的过程;提出基于系统架构与框架创建覆盖不同业务类型的样例代码的方法与原则;总结归纳了特定领域建模与代码生成的整体过程;提出根据特定元模型将样例代码制作成代码模板的方法与原则;最后介绍了通用代码生成引擎的组成部分及其作用以及代码生成的过程。     

综合航电分区间通信元模型设计研究

针对当前综合模块化航空电子系统（IMA）开发中存在的问题,提出一种基于特定领域建模的综合航电分区间通信元模型的设计开发方法。通过分析航电系统分区间通信原理,抽取分区间通信的特性,采用基于面向特定领域的元建模分析方法,构建了综合航电分区间通信的元模型,通过元模型解析器生成了面向领域的建模语言,通过模型解释器将应用模型自动生成系统通信配置文件。以模块内部两分区间通信系统为实例对象进行了验证,结果表明该建模语言,具有较好的可理解性、易用性,可显著提高航电系统的开发效率,为基于元模型的综合航电系统建模方法奠定基础。     

Supporting domain-specific model patterns with metamodeling

Metamodeling is a widely applied technique in the field of graphical languages to create highly configurable modeling environments. These environments support the rapid development of domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs). Design patterns are efficient solutions for recurring problems. With the proliferation of DSMLs, there is a need for domain-specific design patterns to offer solutions to problems recurring in different domains. The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical foundations to support domain-specific model patterns in metamodeling environments. In order to support the treatment of premature model parts, we weaken the instantiation relationship. We provide constructs relaxing the instantiation rules, and we show that these constructs are appropriate and sufficient to express patterns. We provide the necessary modifications in metamodeling tools for supporting patterns. With the contributed results, a well-founded domain-specific model pattern support can be realized in metamodeling tools.

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Security patterns modeling and formalization for pattern-based development of secure software systems

Pattern-based development of software systems has gained more attention recently by addressing new challenges such as security and dependability. However, there are still gaps in existing modeling languages and/or formalisms dedicated to modeling design patterns and the way how to reuse them in the automation of software development. The solution envisaged here is based on combining metamodeling techniques and formal methods to represent security patterns at two levels of abstraction to fostering reuse. The goal of the paper is to advance the state of the art in model and pattern-based security for software and systems engineering in three relevant areas: (1) develop a modeling language to support the definition of security patterns using metamodeling techniques; (2) provide a formal representation and its associated validation mechanisms for the verification of security properties; and (3) derive a set of guidelines for the modeling of security patterns within the integration of these two kinds of representations.     

rCOS: a formal model-driven engineering method for component-based software

Model-driven architecture (MDA) has become a main stream technology for software-intensive system design. The main engineering principle behind it is that the inherent complexity of software development can only be mastered by building, analyzing and manipulating system models. MDA also deals with system complexity by providing component-based design techniques, allowing independent component design, implementation and deployment, and then system integration and reconfiguration based on component interfaces. The model of a system in any stage is an integration of models of different viewpoints. Therefore, for a model-driven method to be applied effectively, it must provide a body of techniques and an integrated suite of tools for model construction, validation, and transformation. This requires a number of modeling notations for the specification of different concerns and viewpoints of the system. These notations should have formally defined syntaxes and a unified theory of semantics. The underlying theory of the method is needed to underpin the development of tools and correct use of tools in software development, as well as to formally verify and reason about properties of systems in mission-critical applications. The modeling notations, techniques, and tools must be designed so that they can be used seamlessly in supporting development activities and documentation of artifacts in software design processes. This article presents such a method, called the rCOS, focusing on the models of a system at different stages in a software development process, their semantic integration, and how they are constructed, analyzed, transformed, validated, and verified.     

Concept and pragmatics of an intuitive visualization-oriented metamodeling tool

In this article we present a metamodeling tool that is strictly oriented towards the needs of the working domain expert. The working domain expert looks for intuitive metamodeling features. In particular, these features include rich capabilities for specifying the visual appearance of models. Our research has identified an important design rationale for metamodeling tools that we call visual reification, which is the notion that metamodels are visualized the same way as their instances. Our tool supports both standard and innovative metamodeling features oriented towards the principle of visual reification. In this paper we present an unbiased discussion of the pragmatics of metamodeling tools against the background of this design rationale.     

A generic framework for modeling heterogeneous real-time systems

Complex real-time systems usually consist of heterogeneous components. These components interact with different semantics. Modeling these systems normally need integrating several domain-specific tools such as UML, Simulink. But interchanging data between these tools is very difficult. UML is a standard modeling language for object-oriented software development, used more and more in real-time domain. It provides several extensibility mechanisms to allow modeling special domains. This paper presents a generic framework, which is based on UML notations and metamodels, for heterogeneous modeling real-time systems. So engineers from different domains can work together on a unified platform.     

MontiCore: a framework for compositional development of domain specific languages

Domain specific languages (DSLs) are increasingly used today. Coping with complex language definitions, evolving them in a structured way, and ensuring their error freeness are the main challenges of DSL design and implementation. The use of modular language definitions and composition operators are therefore inevitable in the independent development of language components. In this article, we discuss these arising issues by describing a framework for the compositional development of textual DSLs and their supporting tools. We use a redundance-free definition of a readable concrete syntax and a comprehensible abstract syntax as both representations significantly overlap in their structure. For enhancing the usability of the abstract syntax, we added concepts like associations and inheritance to a grammar-based definition in order to build up arbitrary graphs (as known from metamodeling). Two modularity concepts, grammar inheritance and embedding, are discussed. They permit compositional language definition and thus simplify the extension of languages based on already existing ones. We demonstrate that compositional engineering of new languages is a useful concept when project-individual DSLs with appropriate tool support are defined.     

MND-SCEMP: an empirical study of a software cost estimation modeling process in the defense domain

The primary focus of weapon systems research and development has moved from a hardware base to a software base and the cost of software development is increasing gradually. An accurate estimation of the cost of software development is now a very important task in the defense domain. However, existing models and tools for software cost estimation are not suitable for the defense domain due to problems of accuracy. Thus, it is necessary to develop cost estimation models that are appropriate to specific domains. Furthermore, most studies of methodology development are aligned with generic methodologies that do not consider the pertinent factors to specific domains, whereas new methodologies should reflect specific domains. In this study, we apply two generic methodologies to the development of a software cost estimation model, before suggesting an integrated modeling process specifically for the national defense domain. To validate our proposed modeling process, we performed an empirical study of 113 software development projects on weapon systems in Korea. A software cost estimation model was developed by applying the proposed modeling process. The MMRE value of this model was 0.566 while the accuracy was appropriate for use. We conclude that the modeling process and software cost estimation model developed in this study is suitable for estimating resource requirements during weapon system development in South Korea’s national defense domain. This modeling process and model may facilitate more accurate resource estimation by project planners, which will lead to more successful project execution.     

一个MDA支撑工具的设计与实现

MDA是OMG提出的用于解决中间件集成问题的软件开发方法。MDA开发方法以系统模型作为软件开发的主线。在这样的开发过程中，强有力的模型转换支撑工具是MDA思想能够得到广泛应用的关键。而从平台无关模型PIM到平台相关模型PSM的转换工具尤其重要。描述了一个从PIM自动转换到PSM的工具的设计思想。工具使用EDOC profile的一个子集作为PIM的描述方法，使用J2EE作为目标平台。基于一组从PIM到J2EE平台上软件模型的转换规则，工具实现了从PIM到J2EE平台上的PSM的自动转换。     

CSDPL—一种基于CMM的软件过程定义语言

软件过程是人和计算机化的工具交互完成的可能持续长时间的复杂实体。软件过程比商业过程自动化程度要低,因为需要更多的人的参与和软件工具的支持,也有更多不断持续改进的需求。软件过程首先要建模,因此建模语言扮演了一个非常关键的角色。从管理的角度出发,CMM提出了一个软件过程概念框架。既要支持软件过程语言的要求的特性,又要支持CMM,基于CMM的软件过程定义语言必须把这个一般性和特殊性的要求结合起来。本文描述的软件过程定义语言CSPDL采用了图形和XML文本相结合的表示方式。同时,软件过程定义工具是支持建模的必需的支持。要尽量地支持软件过程语言的特性,还需要很多工作要做。