共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Vector fields arise in many problems of computer vision, particularly in non-rigid registration. In this paper, we develop
coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) to estimate vector fields that define the deformation between objects, and the
contour or surface that defines the segmentation of the objects as well. We also explore the utility of inequality constraints
applied to variational problems in vision such as estimation of deformation fields in non-rigid registration and tracking.
To solve inequality constrained vector field estimation problems, we apply tools from the Kuhn-Tucker theorem in optimization
theory. Our technique differs from recently popular joint segmentation and registration algorithms, particularly in its coupled
set of PDEs derived from the same set of energy terms for registration and segmentation. We present both the theory and results
that demonstrate our approach.
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2.
This paper describes features of a language approach for map algebra based on the use of algebraic expressions that satisfy
a concise formalism. To be consistent with formal approaches such as geoalgebra and image algebra, the proposed algebraic
expressions are suitable not only for the usual modeling of layers but also to describe variable neighborhoods and zones.
As a compromise between language and implementation issues we present an implementation strategy based on the theory of automata.
The result is an efficient way of implementing map algebra that simplifies its use on environmental and dynamic models without
going too far from its well-known paradigm.
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3.
In this article we present an engineering approach for the integration of social group dynamics in the behavior modeling of
multiagent systems. To this end, a toolbox was created that brings together several theories from the social sciences, each
focusing on different aspects of group dynamics. Due to its modular approach, the toolbox can either be used as a central
control component of an application or it can be employed temporarily to rapidly test the feasibility of the incorporated
theories for a given application domain. This is exemplified by applying the toolbox to different applications.
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4.
In this paper, we present a global approach for constructing high dynamic range mosaics from multiple images with large exposure
differences. To minimize registration errors caused by intensity mismatches in the image intensity space with low dynamic
range, we propose the use of a scene radiance space with high dynamic range. By relating image intensities to scene radiances
with a convenient distortion model, we robustly estimate registration parameters for the high dynamic range global mosaic,
simultaneously estimating scene radiances and distortion parameters in a single framework using a computationally optimized
Levenberg–Marquardt approach.
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5.
This paper describes the simulated car racing competition that was arranged as part of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation. Both the game that was used as the domain for the competition, the controllers submitted as entries to the competition
and its results are presented. With this paper, we hope to provide some insight into the efficacy of various computational
intelligence methods on a well-defined game task, as well as an example of one way of running a competition. In the process,
we provide a set of reference results for those who wish to use the simplerace game to benchmark their own algorithms. The paper is co-authored by the organizers and participants of the competition.
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6.
Listening to music on personal, digital devices whilst mobile is an enjoyable, everyday activity. We explore a scheme for
exploiting this practice to immerse listeners in navigation cues. Our prototype, ONTRACK, continuously adapts audio, modifying
the spatial balance and volume to lead listeners to their target destination. First we report on an initial lab-based evaluation
that demonstrated the approach’s efficacy: users were able to complete tasks within a reasonable time and their subjective
feedback was positive. Encouraged by these results we constructed a handheld prototype. Here, we discuss this implementation
and the results of field-trials. These indicate that even with a low-fidelity realisation of the concept, users can quite
effectively navigate complicated routes.
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7.
An important area of Human Reliability Assessment in interactive systems is the ability to understand the causes of human
error and to model their occurrence. This paper investigates a new approach to analysis of task failures based on patterns
of operator behaviour, in contrast with more traditional event-based approaches. It considers, as a case study, a formal model
of an Air Traffic Control system operator’s task which incorporates a simple model of the high-level cognitive processes involved.
The cognitive model is formalised in the CSP process algebra. Various patterns of behaviour that could lead to task failure
are described using temporal logic. Then a model-checking technique is used to verify whether the set of selected behavioural
patterns is sound and complete with respect to the definition of task failure. The decomposition is shown to be incomplete
and a new behavioural pattern is identified, which appears to have been overlooked in the informal analysis of the problem.
This illustrates how formal analysis of operator models can yield fresh insights into how failures may arise in interactive
systems.
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8.
Quantitative usability requirements are a critical but challenging, and hence an often neglected aspect of a usability engineering process. A case study is described where quantitative usability requirements played a key role in the development of a new user interface of a mobile phone. Within the practical constraints of the project, existing methods for determining usability requirements and evaluating the extent to which these are met, could not be applied as such, therefore tailored methods had to be developed. These methods and their applications are discussed. 相似文献
9.
The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability
of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing
support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole.
A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular
scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards
increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings
partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable
behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.
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10.
There are only a few ethical regulations that deal explicitly with robots, in contrast to a vast number of regulations, which
may be applied. We will focus on ethical issues with regard to “responsibility and autonomous robots”, “machines as a replacement
for humans”, and “tele-presence”. Furthermore we will examine examples from special fields of application (medicine and healthcare,
armed forces, and entertainment). We do not claim to present a complete list of ethical issue nor of regulations in the field
of robotics, but we will demonstrate that there are legal challenges with regard to these issues.
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11.
To get the maximum benefit from ambient intelligence (AmI), we need to anticipate and react to possible drawbacks and threats
emerging from the new technologies in order to devise appropriate safeguards. The SWAMI project took a precautionary approach
in its exploration of the privacy risks in AmI and sought ways to reduce them. It constructed four “dark scenarios” showing
possible negative implications of AmI, notably for privacy protection. Legal analysis of the depicted futures showed the shortcomings
of the current legal framework in being able to provide adequate privacy protection in the AmI environment. In this paper,
the authors, building upon their involvement in SWAMI research as well as the further advancement of EU privacy analysis,
identify various outstanding issues regarding the legal framework that still need to be resolved in order to deal with AmI
in an equitable and efficacious way. This article points out some of the lacunae in the legal framework and postulates several
privacy-specific safeguards aimed at overcoming them.
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12.
In the near future, our life will normally be surrounded with fairly complicated artifacts, enabled by the autonomous robot
and brain–machine interface technologies. In this paper, we argue that what we call the responsibility flaw problem and the
inappropriate use problem need to be overcome in order for us to benefit from complicated artifacts. In order to solve these
problems, we propose an approach to endowing artifacts with an ability of socially communicating with other agents based on
the artifact-as-a-half-mirror metaphor. The idea is to have future artifacts behave according to the hybrid intention composed
of the owner’s intention and the social rules. We outline the approach and discuss its feasibility together with preliminary
work.
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13.
The paper reflects on the unique experience of social and technological development in Lithuania since the regaining of independence
as a newly reshaped society constructing a distinctive competitive IST-based model at global level. This has presented Lithuanian
pattern of how to integrate different experiences and relations between generations in implementing complex information society
approaches. The resulting programme in general is linked to the Lisbon objectives of the European Union. The experience of
transitional countries in Europe, each different but facing some common problems, may be useful to developing countries in
Africa.
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14.
In this paper, we present an Inverse Multi-Objective Robust Evolutionary (IMORE) design methodology that handles the presence
of uncertainty without making assumptions about the uncertainty structure. We model the clustering of uncertain events in
families of nested sets using a multi-level optimization search. To reduce the high computational costs of the proposed methodology
we proposed schemes for (1) adapting the step-size in estimating the uncertainty, and (2) trimming down the number of calls
to the objective function in the nested search. Both offline and online adaptation strategies are considered in conjunction
with the IMORE design algorithm. Design of Experiments (DOE) approaches further reduce the number of objective function calls
in the online adaptive IMORE algorithm. Empirical studies conducted on a series of test functions having diverse complexities
show that the proposed algorithms converge to a set of Pareto-optimal design solutions with non-dominated nominal and robustness
performances efficiently.
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15.
Nowadays data mining plays an important role in decision making. Since many organizations do not possess the in-house expertise
of data mining, it is beneficial to outsource data mining tasks to external service providers. However, most organizations
hesitate to do so due to the concern of loss of business intelligence and customer privacy. In this paper, we present a Bloom
filter based solution to enable organizations to outsource their tasks of mining association rules, at the same time, protect
their business intelligence and customer privacy. Our approach can achieve high precision in data mining by trading-off the
storage requirement.
This research was supported by the USA National Science Foundation Grants CCR-0310974 and IIS-0546027.
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16.
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
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17.
The Stanford Event Heap has been shown to provide appropriate support for constructing interactive workspace applications.
Given this success it is natural to consider the Event Heap as a platform to support other classes of Ubiquitous Computing
applications. In this paper we argue that the distributed, spontaneous nature of these applications places additional demands
on the Event Heap that require extensions to both the engineering and API. Suitable extensions are described and their use
to support a typical Ubicomp application is discussed.
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18.
Tracking location is challenging due to the numerous constraints of practical systems including, but not limited to global
cost, device volume and weight, scalability and accuracy; these constraints are typically more severe for systems that should
be wearable and used indoors. We investigate the use of wearable solar cells to track changing light conditions (a concept
that we named LuxTrace) as a source of user displacement and activity data. We evaluate constraints of this approach and present
results from an experimental validation of displacement and activity estimation. The results indicate that a distance estimation
accuracy of 21 cm (80% quantile) can be achieved. A simple method to combine LuxTrace with complementary absolute location
estimation methods is also presented. We apply carpet-like distributed RFID tags to demonstrate online learning of new lighting
environments.
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19.
Awareness systems have attracted significant research interest for their potential to support interpersonal relationships.
Investigations of awareness systems for the domestic environment have suggested that such systems can help individuals stay
in touch with dear friends or family and provide affective benefits to their users. Our research provides empirical evidence
to refine and substantiate such suggestions. We report our experience with designing and evaluating the ASTRA awareness system,
for connecting households and mobile family members. We introduce the concept of connectedness and its measurement through
the Affective Benefits and Costs of communication questionnaire (ABC-Q). We inform results that testify the benefits of sharing
experiences at the moment they happen without interrupting potential receivers. Finally, we document the role that lightweight,
picture-based communication can play in the range of communication media available.
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20.
One of the tropes of the age of ubiquitous computing is the migration of computation into new spaces. Domestic environments
have been a particular focus of attention for many. However, these spaces are neither empty nor neutral. They are already
populated by people and practices which shape both their physical form and cultural meaning. We want to consider here some
questions of technology and domesticity. In order to give some critical perspective, we want to approach domestic space from
the edge, and in particular, from the shed.
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