空间曲线基于内在几何量的高质量采样和B样条拟合

为解决均匀参数采样在许多情况下得到质量不高的采样点,进而生成不理想的B样条拟合曲线,提出空间曲线基于内在几何量的均匀采样方法,以获得给定总数且具有代表性的采样点.首先定义基于弧长、曲率和挠率加权组合的特征函数,通过调整组合参数更好匹配不同的曲线形状;然后提出空间曲线基于内在几何量的自适应采样方法,迭代生成满足给定距离阈值的采样点.采用最大绝对误差和均方根误差作为评价指标,与均匀弧长采样方法和基于弧长和曲率平均的均匀采样方法进行对比,并通过实例进行验证.结果表明,文中方法在采样质量和B样条拟合结果上获得明显改善.     

曲率自适应条件下特征点选取的非均匀B样条曲线插值方法

针对计算机数控编程阶段生成的海量离散刀位数据,在满足预设插值精度的条件下,提出一种基于曲率自适应选取特征点的非均匀B样条曲线插值方法.首先,采用相邻3点形成近似圆弧的方法计算各个离散刀位数据点的曲率,将曲率分段点、曲率极大值点等特征数据点作为初始插值数据点,构造生成初始非均匀B样条插值曲线;其次,建立插值误差计算模型,并用于计算所有未参与插值的数据点与非均匀B样条插值曲线间的插值误差,在超出预设插值误差的曲率段内增加新的特征点,生成新的非均匀B样条插值曲线;重复上述过程,直至所有不在非均匀B样条插值曲线上的数据点都满足插值精度条件为止.对实际加工离散刀位数据的仿真计算结果表明,该方法即便去除了大量原始离散刀位数据,也能更好地保留原始刀位数据曲线在外形和精度方面的特征,且具有迭代计算次数少、数据点去除量大等特点,在海量离散刀位数据的样条化数控编程方面具有较高的应用价值.     

点云空间曲线的微分信息计算及匹配方法

建立了点云几何分析的相关理论框架,即定义和计算点云潜在曲线的几何微分量,包括Frenet标架、曲率、挠率等;在此基础上提出一种新的点云空间曲线匹配方法。直接在点云上计算微分量来获取相应曲线的特征信息,从而构建全局粗匹配方案,并进一步建立基于空间动力学的精细匹配优化模型。数值实验表明,微分信息计算和匹配方法能很好地适用于带噪音的点云数据,有效地实现点云空间曲线的高精度匹配。     

三维离散曲线曲率挠率的微中心差分算法

曲率和挠率是描述三维空间离散曲线的弯曲和扭曲程度的两个微分量。为了准确计算这两个微分量，从连续曲线的导数定义出发，提出微中心差分算法进行三维空间离散曲线的曲率和挠率计算。该算法基于差商平滑策略实现对单侧差分算法的一个有效扩展。与单侧差分算法相比，微中心差分算法不增加算法执行时间，但在计算精度方面有显著提升。实验分析是通过6条曲线的均匀采样获取离散曲线数据，与5种常用的曲率和挠率计算算法相比较，对这6种算法从采样密度对算法精度的影响、计算效率和抗噪声性能这3个方面进行了对比分析。实验结果表明，微中心差分算法总体效果最好。     

基于非均匀采样的相关系数最大化曲线排齐方法*

在函数型数据分析中,为提高曲线排齐效率,提出如下2种非均匀采样方法对函数曲线进行排齐:基于斜率的非均匀采样(SBNS)和基于弧长的非均匀采样(ALBNS).SBNS按照函数曲线的斜率大小采样,ALBNS在函数曲线的弧长上采样.这两种方法都不是在时间轴上均匀采样,而是根据曲线的形状特征进行采样,因此可在一定程度上克服均匀采样方法由于采样点数量和位置分配不当而产生的缺陷,提高曲线排齐效果.在模拟数据和真实数据上的实验表明,两种方法在时间效率和效果上均优于均匀采样方法.     

3维碎片拼合的算法研究

为实现艺术珍品保护或古器物修复中3维碎片的比对和拼接,提出了一种空间任意形状的3维碎片拼合算法。该算法首先对由实物测量数据建立的三角网格模型进行预处理,即去除模型中所存在的一些缺陷,以提取模型边界轮廓曲线;然后对碎片的边界轮廓离散点进行五次B样条插值,同时计算轮廓曲线上各个点的曲率、挠率和法矢,并据此分析3维碎片轮廓曲线的几何特性;接着根据轮廓曲线上各个点的总曲率来检测轮廓的特征点,并对轮廓进行分段;最后根据曲率、挠率的变化对不同轮廓上的特征段进行相似性度量,并运用法矢对相似性程度较高的轮廓段进行可匹配性验证,同时计算出可匹配轮廓段的坐标转换关系,以实现碎片的拼合。实例表明,该算法是高效、稳定的。     

关键点选取的最小二乘渐进迭代逼近

目的 最小二乘渐进迭代逼近（LSPIA）方法多以均匀参数化或弦长参数化的形式均匀地确定初始控制点,虽然取得了良好效果,但在处理复杂曲线时,迭代速度相对较慢且误差精度不一定能达到预期设定值。为了进一步提高迭代效率和误差精度,本文提出了基于关键点（局部曲率最大点和极端曲率点）的最小二乘渐进迭代逼近方法。方法 首先计算所有数据点的离散曲率,筛选出局部曲率最大点;接着设定初始的曲率下限,筛选出极端曲率点;然后将关键点与均匀选取的控制点按参数顺序化,并将其作为迭代的初始控制点;最后利用LSPIA方法对数据点进行拟合。结果 对同一组数据点,分别采用LSPIA方法和基于关键点的LSPIA方法,本文方法较好地提高了收敛速度;在相同的控制点数目下,与LSPIA算法相比,本文方法的误差精度较小。结论 本文方法适合于比较复杂的曲线,基于曲率分布的关键点的选取,可以更好地反映曲线的几何信息。数值实例表明,结合关键点筛选策略的LSPIA算法提高了计算效率,取得了更好的拟合效果。     

多支撑区域模式化融合角点检测算法仿真

传统的基于轮廓的角点检测算法常常会因为阈值选择不当,使检测准确率降低.针对上述问题,提出一种多支撑区域下模式化的角点融合方法.首先计算曲线上各点的曲率值,然后对曲线上的点进行初步筛选并分组,使曲线上相邻且曲率相近的点分为一组,在每组中选取局部曲率极大值点作为备选角点,再修改支撑区域,重复上述步骤,产生多组备选角点,最后对轮廓曲线进行模式划分,在不同模式下进行角点融合.实验分别在旋转变换和伸缩变换下评估平均重复率和准确率,通过与CSS、He&Yung角点检测器进行对比实验,所提算法提高了平均重复率和准确率,是一种可行的角点检测算法.     

基于和参考曲线相似性的B样条曲线延拓

在曲线曲面修复中,有时需要对B样条曲线进行延拓,使得延拓后的曲线和给定的参考曲线尽可能相似.为此,将类曲率的概念推广到空间曲线的情形,并提出了类挠率的概念;且类曲率和类挠率在旋转、平移和等比例缩放变换下保持不变.在此基础上,提出了2条曲线相似性的一种度量,以及基于曲线间相似性的B样条曲线延拓算法.首先根据待延拓曲线和参考曲线的节点矢量,确定延拓后曲线的节点矢量;然后利用B样条端点松弛算法,得到在延拓后曲线中和原曲线相对应的那些控制顶点;最后通过使延拓后曲线和参考曲线相似性最大,确定其余控制点.对由仿真数据和飞机叶片上测量数据生成的曲线进行延伸的实验结果表明,文中算法得到的延拓曲线不仅与参考曲线具有很好的相似性,而且光顺性较好,并且不需要指定延拓的目标点.     

股骨解剖结构的B样条曲面重构

按照曲线复杂度定义，首先对复杂度最高的曲线进行最精简逼近，然后在一定控制精度下对轮廓线依据曲率特征进行重采样；对所有曲线进行基于曲率特征的重采样，并对曲线采用插值方法统一轮廓点数量；采用平均化的方法获得U，V方向的公共节点矢量，并通过插值的方法得到体积较小的曲面造型．避开了生成相容性轮廓线的过程，提高了曲面重构的效率．     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate