由二维正投影重建三维实体算法的评述

近二十年来，由二维正投影视图重建三维实体已成为计算机视觉和ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ两个不同领域共同关心的一个研究课题。本文综述了１９７３－１９９１期间发表的１４种算法。文中评述了诸算法的特点，并给出了一个汇总表。     

关于由二维视图重建三维形体算法的若干问题

二维视图是工程界共同的技木语言,它在表达设计恩想,编制工艺流程与技术交流等方面发挥着重要的作用。长期以来,图样的阅读工作依靠人力完,复杂而又费时。怎样实现机器读图是目前人们关     

Point set silhouettes via local reconstruction

We present an algorithm to compute the silhouette set of a point cloud. Previous methods extract point set silhouettes by thresholding point normals, which can lead to simultaneous over- and under-detection of silhouettes. We argue that additional information such as surface curvature is necessary to resolve these issues. To this end, we develop a local reconstruction scheme using Gabriel and intrinsic Delaunay criteria and define point set silhouettes based on the notion of a silhouette-generating set. The mesh umbrellas, or local reconstructions of one-ring triangles surrounding each point sample, generated by our method enable accurate silhouette identification near sharp features and close-by surface sheets, and provide the information necessary to detect other characteristic curves such as creases and boundaries. We show that these curves collectively provide a sparse and intuitive visualisation of point-cloud data.     

3D geometry reconstruction from orthographic views: A method based on 3D image processing and data fitting

Industrial esthetic designers typically produce hand-drawn sketches in the form of orthographic projections. A subsequent translation from 2D-drawings to 3D-models is usually necessary. This involves a considerably time consuming process, so that some automation is advisable.     

肝脏血管的医学图象三维重建

提出了一种体素三维重建快速算法,它根据三维空间中体素相邻的定义,把体素表面元素的相邻与环绕体素表面的环路相关,重新进行了目标表面的描述,并对人体肝脏ＣＴ图象进行了三维重建和显示,得到了直观的肝脏门静脉的分支和走向图象,达到了无损伤的解剖的目的。为肝脏病变的ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ等定位诊断,定向介入治疗以及规则性肝叶、肝段切除提供了实验依据和理论基础。     

Shape recovery from turntable sequence using rim reconstruction

This paper makes use of both feature points and silhouettes to deliver fast 3D shape recovery. The algorithm exploits object silhouettes in two views to establish a 3D rim curve, which is defined with respect to the two frontier points arising from two views. The images of this 3D rim curve in the two views are matched using cross-correlation technique. A 3D planar rim curve is then reconstructed using point-based reconstruction method. A set of 3D rim curves enclosing the object can be obtained from an image sequence captured under circular motion. Silhouettes are further utilized to check for mismatched rim points. The proposed method solves the problem of reconstruction of concave object surface, which is usually left unresolved in general silhouette-based reconstruction methods. In addition, the property of the reconstructed 3D rim curves allows fast surface extraction. Experimental results with real data are presented.     

外边界跟踪算法在医学断面图像的应用研究

在医学图像的三维重建、模式识别等应用中,常常需要保留感兴趣的物体区域,从而必须用外边界作为轮廓线,文章介绍一种在背景明确情况下的外边界跟踪方法,该方法无需进行二值化,是一种在医学断面方面通用性较强的算法。     

基于图像特征配准的数字血管减影算法

数字减影血管成象(DSA)是一种在医学诊断以及介入治疗中起重要作用的技术。在临床应用中,由于能源能量的波动、设备噪声、病人移动、器官蠕动等,通常的数字减影结果常常出现伪影。伪影消除问题成为数字减影技术中的难点,也是引起关注的热点。文章提出了消除伪影的一套新的算法———基于图像局部特征消除伪影。包括建立排除模板、控制点判定准则与方法、位移向量优化、配准方法等。该方法已用VC编制成软件,并且装备数字化X-射线装置,在计算机试验及临床实验中都取得了满意的效果。     

基于三角面片零件模型的装配特征信息提取方法

针对三角面片表示的零件模型,通过对三角面片信息进行处理,提出一种通用的数据预处理方法,可以对三维模型进行拓扑重建,实现模型的体素分离,提取三维模型的几何特征。利用这一方法,可以实现VR系统与通用的CAD系统之间实现信息交换,让不同系统的产品数据得到顺畅传递,同时为后续的虚拟装配及机构运动仿真提供必要的信息基础。     

三维云的建模和绘制

本文对计算机图形学中三维云的建模和绘制技术进行了概述,主要介绍目前比较典型的基于个体生长的云建模技术和基于物理过程的云建模技术.对基于个体生长技术中比较成功的粒子系统模型、变形球模型、体元模型、过程纹理函数模型进行详细分析,并总结了它们的成果与不足,比较了它们的适用范围,为研究三维云可视化技术提供借鉴.     

一种基于立方单元体的三维模型的构造方法及算法分析

本文主要提出一种基于立方单元体的三维模型的构造方法及其数学模型，并详细介绍基于此数学模型来构造三维模型的程序算法分析，该种算法在设计制作“三维模型与三视图”的CAI课件有一定的参考价值。     

GPU-accelerated indirect boundary element method for voxel model analyses with fast multipole method

An indirect boundary element method (BEM) that uses the fast multipole method (FMM) was accelerated using graphics processing units (GPUs) to reduce the time required to calculate a three-dimensional electrostatic field. The BEM is designed to handle cubic voxel models and is specialized to consider square voxel walls as boundary surface elements. The FMM handles the interactions among the surface charge elements and directly outputs surface integrals of the fields over each individual element. The CPU code was originally developed for field analysis in human voxel models derived from anatomical images. FMM processes are programmed using the NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) with double-precision floating-point arithmetic on the basis of a shared pseudocode template. The electric field induced by DC-current application between two electrodes is calculated for two models with 499,629 (model 1) and 1,458,813 (model 2) surface elements. The calculation times were measured with a four-GPU configuration (two NVIDIA GTX295 cards) with four CPU cores (an Intel Core i7-975 processor). The times required by a linear system solver are 31 s and 186 s for models 1 and 2, respectively. The speed-up ratios of the FMM range from 5.9 to 8.2 for model 1 and from 5.0 to 5.6 for model 2. The calculation speed for element-interaction in this BEM analysis was comparable to that of particle-interaction using FMM on a GPU.