竞技健美操仿真训练虚拟现实技术研究

通过运用虚拟现实技术与体育仿真系统对竞技健美操项目进行科学训练的应用分析,虚拟现实技术与体育仿真系统对竞技 健美操在竞技体育项目仿真训练具有一定的现实意义与重要价值。运用虚拟现实技术进行竞技健美操仿真训练,可以开展竞技健 美操运动员科学选才,提高竞技健美操运动员的整体训练水平和效果,优化和创新竞技健美操技术动作和动作组合编排,可以真 实建构竞技健美操运动训练场景,获取竞技健美操运动数据。因此,研究竞技健美操项目的难美性特征、虚拟现实技术与体育仿真 系统的应用价值对未来竞技健美操发展具有重要的现实意义。     

数字化三维蹦床运动模拟与仿真系统——VHTramPoline

设计和实现了一个用于辅助蹦床运动科学训练的计算机模拟与仿真软件系统VHTrampoline.其原理是:在人体运动生物力学数据和真实人体运动捕获数据的基础上,通过运动编辑技术实现技术动作的修改和成套技术动作的模拟,并用人体运动方程分析和验证模拟结果;同时,基于虚拟现实方法将模拟结果与真实视频同步对比实现可视化的分析.除了必须的交互操作,文中涉及到的计算都是实时的.与传统训练方法相比,该系统具有直观、量化等优点.     

手球项目体能训练特征探析

手球运动是主要以不同速度跑和不同速度持球跑组成的有氧能力为基础,启动、爆发、短距离冲刺能力非常重要的体能类球类集体项目。同时也是一项对抗十分激烈的间歇性运动项目,在运动中要求运动员反复冲刺、快速移动,全场60分钟的比赛要求运动员始终在高速、强对抗中完成技术动作,对体能水平要求很高。     

青少年曲棍球运动发展趋势

曲棍球运动是一项个人与集体相结合的运动,是奥运会项目中历史最为悠久的运动项目之一。本文通过采用文献资料法、访谈法等对我国曲棍球运动的规律、特点和发展方向进行研究,并根据曲棍球的特点,提出青少年曲棍球运动的发展趋势。     

基于Kinect的运动训练辅助系统

针对当下人们自主运动训练时出现的动作不标准且无人监督指导的问题，设计一种基于Kinect传感器的运动训练辅助系统。利用Kinect捕捉人体的关节点坐标提取特征，采用动态时间规整算法实现运动动作的识别，将模板动作与实时动作进行匹配，根据匹配的程度给予评价。实验结果表明该系统对于运动动作的平均正确识别率达到91.25%，正确评价率达到95.9%，能及时有效地反馈评价，起到一定运动训练辅助作用。     

运动编辑支持的舞蹈辅助编排技术

针对舞蹈表演创作与编排中的舞台构图和动作片段连接问题，实现了相应的计算机辅助舞蹈创作与编排技术．舞蹈创编人员可在计算机中对演员的走位和队形进行自由编辑，组合不同的表演动作片段．通过这些辅助工具，能够在演员实际表演前调整舞台效果并获得相应的预览，降低实际编排的难度与工作量．     

基于FPGA的运动训练辅助系统设计

针对居家训练的运动效果问题，设计了一款基于FPGA的运动训练辅助系统。在系统硬件部分，基于FPGA搭建了以动作采集与控制模块、数据中转模块与机械臂为主的三个主要模块，并通过PID控制算法，保证运动训练机械运作的稳定。在系统功能部分，基于DTW算法对动作标准度进行判断。实验测试证明，当P、I、D参数分别优选为1.2、0.2、0.5时，系统机械部分可以及时平稳达到目标位置，动作转变平滑；系统功能的部分均展示成功，动作标准度分析符合实际运动情况。整体而言，测试结果符合预期设计，证明设计的运动辅助系统可以被用于居家运动的训练指导。     

羽毛球动作训练步态识别分析系统设计

羽毛球运动要求步伐灵活、动作准确,无论是日常健身、教育教学还是参加体育竞技,对运动员步伐训练都非常重要.羽毛球动作训练中对于步态的识别分析对于科学评估动作质量、提升运动员训练效果、改进训练方案等具有实际意义.本文针对羽毛球运动员步伐动作特点,研究设计一种步态识别分析系统,包括识别算法、数据采集系统、步态仿真模型等,辅助羽毛球运动员提升技术水平.     

我国曲棍球运动的发展研究

曲棍球运动是一项个人与集体相结合的运动,是奥运会项目中历史最为悠久的运动项之一。本文通过对我国的曲棍球的历史溯源、发展现状、发展趋势进行了深入的分析,旨在为我国曲棍球运动的深化发展提供理论依据。     

面向编钟乐舞的舞蹈动作虚拟仿真的研究

本文简述了面向编钟乐舞的虚拟角色的动作库制作过程.文章着重分析了舞蹈文法下的动作归类及其对应关系.探讨了基于情感模型下的动作风格鉴定理论,提出了通过对特征动作单元属性和关联约束的定义来实现动作衔接的方法,并给出该方法在动作编排系统中的应用框架.     

An evaluation of the dynamical performance of composite slabs

The competitive trends of the world market have long been forcing structural engineers to develop minimum weight and labour cost solutions. A direct consequence of this new design trend is a considerable increase in problems related to unwanted floor vibrations. This phenomenon is very frequent in a wide range of structures subjected to rhythmic dynamical load actions. These load actions are generally caused by human rhythmic activities such as: musical and or sporting events, dance or even gymnastics. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the structural behaviour of commonly used composite floors subjected to rhythmic dynamical load actions identifying the occurrence of unwanted vibrations that could cause human discomfort or, in extreme cases, structural failure.     

Roll of the rhythmic component in the proactive control of a human hand

In terms of evolution, the strategy of catching prey would have been an important part of survival in a constantly changing environment. A prediction mechanism would have developed to compensate for any delay in the sensory-motor system. In a previous study, “proactive control” was found, in which the motion of the hands preceded the virtual moving target. These results implied that the positive phase shift of the hand motion represents the proactive nature of the visual-motor control system, which attempts to minimize the brief error in the hand motion when the target changes position unexpectedly. In our study, a visual target moves in circle (13 cm diameter) on a computer screen, and each subject is asked to keep track of the target’s motion by the motion of a cursor. As the frequency of the target increases, a rhythmic component was found in the velocity of the cursor in spite of the fact that the velocity of the target was constant. The generation of a rhythmic component cannot be explained simply as a feedback mechanism for the phase shifts of the target and cursor in a sensory-motor system. Therefore, it implies that the rhythmic component was generated to predict the velocity of the target, which is a feed-forward mechanism in the sensory-motor system. Here, we discuss the generation of the rhythmic component and its roll in the feed-forward mechanism.     

Procedural rhythmic character animation: an interactive Chinese lion dance

The creation of a stylistic animation through the use of high‐level controls has always been a design goal for computer animation software. In this paper, we propose a procedural animation system, called rhythmic character animation playacting (RhyCAP), which allows a designer to interactively direct animated characters by adjusting rhythmic parameters such as tempo, exaggeration, and timing. The motions thus generated reflect the intention of the director and also adapt to environmental obstacle constraints. We use a sequence of martial‐art steps in the performance of a Chinese lion dance to illustrate the effectiveness of the system. The animation is generated by composition of common motion elements, concisely represented in an action graph. We have implemented an animation control program that allows Chinese lion dance to be choreographed interactively. This authoring tool also serves as a useful means for preserving this part of world cultural heritage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Entrainment-enhanced neural oscillator for rhythmic motion control

We propose a new neural oscillator model to attain rhythmic movements of robotic arms that features enhanced entrainment property. It is known that neural oscillator networks could produce rhythmic commands efficiently and robustly under the changing task environment. However, when a quasi-periodic or non-periodic signal is inputted into the neural oscillator, even the most widely used Matsuoka’s neural oscillator (MNO) may not be entrained to the signal. Therefore, most existing neural oscillator models are only applicable to a particular situation, and if they are coupled to the joints of robotic arms, they may not be capable of achieving human-like rhythmic movement. In this paper, we perform simulations of rotating a crank by a two-link planar arm whose joints are coupled to the proposed entrainment-enhanced neural oscillator (EENO). Specifically, we demonstrate the excellence of EENO and compare it with that of MNO by optimizing their parameters based on simulated annealing (SA). In addition, we show an impressive capability of self-adaptation of EENO that enables the planar arm to make adaptive changes from a circular motion into an elliptical motion. To the authors’ knowledge, this study seems to be the first attempt to enable the oscillator-coupled robotic arm to track a desired trajectory interacting with the environment.     

Integration of posture and rhythmic motion controls in quadrupedal dynamic walking using phase modulations based on leg loading/unloading

In this paper, we intend to show the basis of a general legged locomotion controller with the ability to integrate both posture and rhythmic motion controls and shift continuously from one control method to the other according to the walking speed. The rhythmic motion of each leg in the sagittal plane is generated by a single leg controller which controls the swing-to-stance and stance-to-swing phase transitions using respectively leg loading and unloading information. Since rolling motion induced by inverted pendulum motion during the two-legged stance phases results in the transfer of the load between the contralateral legs, leg loading/unloading involves posture information in the frontal plane. As a result of the phase modulations based on leg loading/unloading, rhythmic motion of each leg is achieved and inter-leg coordination (resulting in a gait) emerges, even without explicit coordination amongst the leg controllers, allowing to realize dynamic walking in the low- to medium-speed range. We show that the proposed method has resistance ability against lateral perturbations to some extent, but that an additional ascending coordination mechanism between ipsilateral legs is necessary to withstand perturbations decreasing the rolling motion amplitude. Even without stepping reflex using vestibular information, our control system, relying on phase modulations based on leg loading/unloading and the ascending coordination mechanism between ipsilateral legs, enables low speed dynamic walking on uneven terrain with long cyclic period, which was not realized in our former studies. Details of trajectory generation, movies of simulations and movies of preliminary experiments using a real robot are available at: http://robotics.mech.kit.ac.jp/kotetsu/.     

A general internal model approach for motion learning

In this paper, we present a general internal model (GIM) approach for motion skill learning at elementary and coordination levels. A unified internal model (IM) is developed for describing discrete and rhythmic movements. Through analysis, we show that the GIM possesses temporal and spatial scalabilities which are defined as the ability to generate similar movement patterns directly by means of tuning some parameters of the IM. With scalability, the learning or training process can be avoided when dealing with similar tasks. The coordination is implemented in the GIM with appropriate phase shifts among multiple IMs under an overall architecture. To facilitate the establishment of the GIM, in this paper, we further explored algorithms for detecting periodicity of and phase difference between rhythmic movements, and neural network structures suitable for learning motion patterns. Through three illustrative examples, we show that the human behavior patterns with single or multiple limbs can be easily learned and established by the GIM at the elementary and coordination levels.     

Dynamic coordination between robots: self-organized timing selection in a juggling-like ball-passing task.

This paper describes the hierarchical architecture for a rhythmic coordination between robots, which suits juggling-like tasks involving sensory-motor coordination. The authors' approach, which is interpreted as a "bidirectional weak coupling" to the environment, does not require either the environmental model or continuously monitoring the environment but can adapt the robots to a change in the environment, owing to the interaction between the robots and the environment at the ball contact. The proposed architecture contains two passive-control mechanisms, the "open-loop stable mechanism" and the "entrainment mechanism," that lead to the emergence of self-organized temporal structure for rhythmic movement. This dynamic pattern in the whole system realizes the stable coordinated motion between robots. The authors demonstrate two motion patterns between two robots passing two balls, and confirm the effectiveness of the approach.     

基于网络技术的竞赛图像采集与回放系统设计

根据大型赛事信息系统需求,研究基于网络技术的竞赛图像采集与回放系统设计,构建竞赛图像采集与回放系统现场局域网,采用网络通信技术进行系统设计和软件开发,实现竞赛图像采集与回放。该设计方案已应用于广州第16届亚运会体操项目竞赛信息系统,满足竞赛实际应用需求。     

Interpersonal Synchronization of Body Motion and the Walk-Mate Walking Support Robot

Everyone has probably experienced the phenomenon where their footsteps unconsciously synchronize with their partner while walking together. This interpersonal synchronization of body motion has been widely observed and is significant in the context of social psychology. However, the mechanism of this embodied cooperation still remains obscure and has not been substantially developed as an engineering application. In this study, by assuming “mutual entrainment” as an interpersonal synchronization mechanism, we establish a new cooperative walking system between a walking human and a walking robot (an agent as a virtual robot). In this system, rhythmic sounds corresponding to the timing of footsteps are exchanged between them on the basis of our previous studies. As a result, it was demonstrated that the two walking rhythms adapt mutually after the start of interaction, and stable synchronization is generated automatically. This global entrained state exhibits dynamic stability with small fluctuation in the walking period. Applying this method to walking support for Parkinson's disease and hemiplegia patients, its effectiveness in stabilizing the walking of the patient was shown. These results indicate the importance of interpersonal mutual entrainment of rhythmic motion for walking support, and new human–robot interaction technologies are expected as an extension of this framework.      

Modeling of the pharyngeal muscle in Caenorhabditis elegans based on FitzHugh-Nagumo equations

The pharyngeal pumping motion to send food to the bowel is a rhythmic movement in Caenorhabditis elegans. This paper proposes a simulation-based approach to investigate the mechanisms of rhythm phenomena in the pharyngeal pumping motion. To conduct the simulations, first, we developed a pharyngeal muscle model including 29 cell models which simulate the activity of each cell as a membrane potential based on FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. Then, to compare the response of the model with that of C. elegans, we calculated the electropharyngeogram (EPG), which represents the electrophysiological responses of the pharyngeal cells, using the simulated membrane potentials. The results confirmed that our model could generate the EPG similar to that measured from C. elegans. We proposed a computer simulation of the pumping motion to investigate the mechanisms of rhythm phenomena in living organisms.