共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(11):1223-1241
Scan matching is a popular localization technique based on comparing two sets of range readings gathered at consecutive robot poses. Scan matching algorithms implicitly assume that matching readings correspond to the same object in the environment. This is a reasonable assumption when using accurate sensors such as laser range finders and that is why they are extensively used to perform scan matching localization. However, when using other sensors such as ultrasonic range finders or visual sonar, this assumption is no longer valid because of their lower angular resolution and the sparsity of the readings. In this paper we present a sonar scan matching framework, the spIC, which is able to deal with the sparseness and low angular resolution of sonar sensors. To deal with sparseness, a process to group sonar readings gathered along short robot trajectories is presented. Probabilistic models of ultrasonic and odometric sensors are defined to cope with the low sonar angular resolution. Consequently, a probabilistic scan matching process is performed. Finally, the correction of the whole robot trajectory involved in the matching process is presented as a constrained optimization problem. 相似文献
2.
Gianluca Ippoliti Alessia La Manna Sauro Longhi 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2009,56(3):259-276
In this paper the robust robot localization problem with respect to uncertainties on environment features is formulated in
a stochastic setting, and an Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) approach is proposed for the integration of odometric, gyroscopic,
and sonar measures. As gyroscopic readings are much more reliable than the other ones, the localization algorithm gives rise
to a nearly singular EKF. This problem is dealt with by defining a reduced order nonsingular EKF. The robust solution has
been implemented and tested on a powered wheelchair. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents a localization method for a mobile robot equipped with only low-cost ultrasonic sensors. Correlation-based Hough scan matching was used to obtain the robot’s pose without any predefined geometric features. A local grid map and a sound pressure model of ultrasonic sensors were used to acquire reliable scan results from uncertain and noisy ultrasonic sensor data. The robot’s pose was measured using correlation-based Hough scan matching, and the covariance was calculated. Localization was achieved by fusing the measurements from scan matching with the robot’s motion model through the extended Kalman filter. Experimental results verified the performance of the proposed localization method in a real home environment. 相似文献
4.
5.
Iztok Špacapan Juš Kocijan Tadej Bajd 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2004,39(2):227-241
Fuzzy logic control system for an intelligent wheelchair aimed for assistance by the severely handicapped persons is presented in the paper. It is based on a computer simulation of wheelchair navigation, in which fuzzy logic enables control priority to smoothly alternate between manual and automatic control of the wheelchair in the vicinity of obstacles. The main purpose of designing and simulating this control approach is to improve the safety of a wheelchair in the presence of obstacles. To analyze the success of the wheelchair control, a dynamic model of the wheelchair, together with the models of distance sensors, has been developed using Lagrange analysis. 相似文献
6.
《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(4):437-450
This paper presents a methodology for building a high-accuracy environmental map using a mobile robot. The design approach uses low-cost infrared range-finder sensors incorporating with neural networks. To enhance the map quality, the errors occurring from the sensors are corrected. The non-linearity error of the sensors is compensated using a backpropagation neural network and the random error of readings including the uncertainty of the environment is taken into a sensor model as a probabilistic approach. The map is represented by an occupancy grid framework and updated by the Bayesian estimation mechanism. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a series of experiments. 相似文献
7.
A new robot simulator JC-1 is used as a control software development tool in a project in progress where an intelligent wheelchair for a blind user is being developed. The intelligent wheelchair is planned to be able to fulfill simple symbolic commands like "follow wall" or "follow object" and using the JC-1 simulator an evaluation team which includes e.g. the user, a rehabilitation engineer and a software engineer, can check control algorithms and user interface routines before constructing a real wheelchair prototype. The JC-1 simulator models the environment using simplified boundary- representation where objects, robot sensors and actuators are presented as symbolic objects in the graphics data-base of the simulator. In the JC-1 simulator a robot controller under development controls the motion of the graphical model of the robot while simulator commands or other robot controllers can be used to control the movement of disturbing obstacles. Computer graphics animation and simulation help to find fundamental design errors at an early design stage and as this paper suggests, enable the user of the final product to take part in to the designing process of the robot controller. Benefits and difficulties of using computer graphics simulation in the wheelchair development process are discussed. 相似文献
8.
《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(11):1577-1593
In this paper, we report a robust and low-cost navigation algorithm for an unknown environment based on integration of a grid-based map building algorithm with behavior learning. The study focuses on mobile robots that utilize ultrasonic sensors as their prime interface with the outside world. The proposed algorithm takes into account environmental information to augment the readings from the low angular accuracy sonar measurements for behavior learning. The environmental information is obtained by an online grid-based map learning design that is concurrently operating with the behavior learning algorithm. The proposed algorithm is implemented and tested on an in-house-built mobile robot, and its performance is verified through online navigation in an indoor environment. 相似文献
9.
针对脑控轮椅行驶时因用户脑电信号的不稳定性可能引起碰撞事故发生的现象,提出了一种避障方法,并设计了多路超声波传感器避障系统及避障提示反馈界面;反馈界面上实时显示的提示信息将辅助用户做出有效的避障决策;当用户采用脑电自主控制轮椅运行时,若无法成功避障,则该避障系统立即启动紧急停车功能以避免与障碍物发生碰撞,保证了脑控轮椅用户的人身安全;实验结果表明:当把安全区域临界值、前后及左右紧急停车距离临界值分别设置为500mm、400mm和200mm时,该超声波传感器避障系统稳定性好、实时性强,能够满足脑控轮椅的用户安全导航的需要. 相似文献
10.
Effective Maximum Likelihood Grid Map With Conflict Evaluation Filter Using Sonar Sensors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Robotics, IEEE Transactions on》2009,25(4):887-901