利用骨架模型和格拉斯曼流形的3D人体动作识别

为了通过几何特征的有效方法描述人体骨骼运动,构建3D人体动作识别系统,提出一种基于3D骨骼关节空间建模方法。首先,使用自回归和移动平均模型（ARMA）描述每个随着时间变化的运动轨迹,成功捕捉了时空动态运动信息。同时,将该模型的观察矩阵生成的子空间作为格拉斯曼流形中一个点;然后,通过学习控制切线（CT）描述每个类的均值,映射学习过程中的观察变量到所有CT形成局部切丛（LTB）,LTB流形数据点可直接在分类器上完成分类;最后,提出的方法使用SVM分类器完成训练和分类。MSR-action 3D、Weizmann和UCF-Kinect三个数据库的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性,与几种基于深度数据的算法相比,该方法获得了最高的识别率,在延迟性方面的性能也表现最优,当帧数为30时,识别率达到97.91%,在延迟较高时,可达到期望识别率。     

基于流形学习的人体动作识别

目的 提出了一个基于流形学习的动作识别框架,用来识别深度图像序列中的人体行为。方法 从Kinect设备获得的深度信息中评估出人体的关节点信息,并用相对关节点位置差作为人体特征表达。在训练阶段,利用LE（Lalpacian eigenmaps）流形学习对高维空间下的训练集进行降维,得到低维隐空间下的运动模型。在识别阶段,用最近邻差值方法将测试序列映射到低维流形空间中去,然后进行匹配计算。在匹配过程中,通过使用改进的Hausdorff距离对低维空间下测试序列和训练运动集的吻合度和相似度进行度量。结果 用Kinect设备捕获的数据进行了实验,取得了良好的效果;同时也在MSR Action3D数据库上进行了测试,结果表明在训练样本较多情况下,本文方法识别效果优于以往方法。结论 实验结果表明本文方法适用于基于深度图像序列的人体动作识别。     

动作切分和流形度量学习的视频动作识别

目的 为了提高视频中动作识别的准确度,提出基于动作切分和流形度量学习的视频动作识别算法。方法 首先利用基于人物肢体伸展程度分析的动作切分方法对视频中的动作进行切分,将动作识别的对象具体化;然后从动作片段中提取归一化之后的全局时域特征和空域特征、光流特征、帧内的局部旋度特征和散度特征,构造一种7×7的协方差矩阵描述子对提取出的多种特征进行融合;最后结合流形度量学习方法有监督式地寻找更优的距离度量算法提高动作的识别分类效果。结果 对Weizmann公共视频集的切分实验统计结果表明本文提出的视频切分方法具有很好的切分能力,能够作好动作识别前的预处理;在Weizmann公共视频数据集上进行了流形度量学习前后的识别效果对比,结果表明利用流形度量学习方法对动作识别效果提升2.8%;在Weizmann和KTH两个公共视频数据集上的平均识别率分别为95.6%和92.3%,与现有方法的比较表明,本文提出的动作识别方法有更好的识别效果。结论 多次实验结果表明本文算法在预处理过程中动作切分效果理想,描述动作所构造协方差矩阵对动作的表达有良好的多特征融合能力,而且光流信息和旋度、散度信息的加入使得人体各部位的运动方向信息具有了更多细节的描述,有效提高了协方差矩阵的描述能力,结合流形度量学习方法对动作识别的准确性有明显提高。     

Human action recognition based on skeleton splitting

Human action recognition, defined as the understanding of the human basic actions from video streams, has a long history in the area of computer vision and pattern recognition because it can be used for various applications. We propose a novel human action recognition methodology by extracting the human skeletal features and separating them into several human body parts such as face, torso, and limbs to efficiently visualize and analyze the motion of human body parts.Our proposed human action recognition system consists of two steps: (i) automatic skeletal feature extraction and splitting by measuring the similarity between neighbor pixels in the space of diffusion tensor fields, and (ii) human action recognition by using multiple kernel based Support Vector Machine. Experimental results on a set of test database show that our proposed method is very efficient and effective to recognize the actions using few parameters.     

Discriminative human action recognition in the learned hierarchical manifold space

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical discriminative approach for human action recognition. It consists of feature extraction with mutual motion pattern analysis and discriminative action modeling in the hierarchical manifold space. Hierarchical Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (HGPLVM) is employed to learn the hierarchical manifold space in which motion patterns are extracted. A cascade CRF is also presented to estimate the motion patterns in the corresponding manifold subspace, and the trained SVM classifier predicts the action label for the current observation. Using motion capture data, we test our method and evaluate how body parts make effect on human action recognition. The results on our test set of synthetic images are also presented to demonstrate the robustness.     

基于格拉斯曼流形子空间融合的多视图聚类

现有的多视图聚类算法大多假设多视图数据点之间为线性关系,且在学习过程中无法保留原始特征空间的局部性;而在欧氏空间中进行子空间融合又过于单调,无法将学习到的子空间表示对齐。针对以上问题,提出了基于格拉斯曼流形融合子空间的多视图聚类算法。首先,将核技巧和局部流形结构学习结合以得到不同视图的子空间表示;然后,在格拉斯曼流形上融合这些子空间表示以得到一致性亲和矩阵;最后,对一致性亲和矩阵执行谱聚类来得到最终的聚类结果,并利用交替方向乘子法（ADMM）来优化所提模型。与核多视图低秩稀疏子空间聚类（KMLRSSC）算法相比,所提算法的聚类精度在MSRCV1、Prokaryotic、Not-Hill数据集上分别提高了20.83个百分点、9.47个百分点和7.33个百分点。实验结果验证了基于格拉斯曼流形融合子空间的多视图聚类算法的有效性和良好性能。     

Kernel analysis on Grassmann manifolds for action recognition

Modelling video sequences by subspaces has recently shown promise for recognising human actions. Subspaces are able to accommodate the effects of various image variations and can capture the dynamic properties of actions. Subspaces form a non-Euclidean and curved Riemannian manifold known as a Grassmann manifold. Inference on manifold spaces usually is achieved by embedding the manifolds in higher dimensional Euclidean spaces. In this paper, we instead propose to embed the Grassmann manifolds into reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and then tackle the problem of discriminant analysis on such manifolds. To achieve efficient machinery, we propose graph-based local discriminant analysis that utilises within-class and between-class similarity graphs to characterise intra-class compactness and inter-class separability, respectively. Experiments on KTH, UCF Sports, and Ballet datasets show that the proposed approach obtains marked improvements in discrimination accuracy in comparison to several state-of-the-art methods, such as the kernel version of affine hull image-set distance, tensor canonical correlation analysis, spatial-temporal words and hierarchy of discriminative space-time neighbourhood features.     

Human action recognition using boosted EigenActions

This paper proposes a boosting EigenActions algorithm for human action recognition. A spatio-temporal Information Saliency Map (ISM) is calculated from a video sequence by estimating pixel density function. A continuous human action is segmented into a set of primitive periodic motion cycles from information saliency curve. Each cycle of motion is represented by a Salient Action Unit (SAU), which is used to determine the EigenAction using principle component analysis. A human action classifier is developed using multi-class Adaboost algorithm with Bayesian hypothesis as the weak classifier. Given a human action video sequence, the proposed method effectively locates the SAUs in the video, and recognizes the human actions by categorizing the SAUs. Two publicly available human action databases, namely KTH and Weizmann, are selected for evaluation. The average recognition accuracy are 81.5% and 98.3% for KTH and Weizmann databases, respectively. Comparative results with two recent methods and robustness test results are also reported.     

基于深度数据的人体动作识别方法

本文提出了一个基于流形学习的动作识别框架,用来识别深度图像序列中的人体行为。本文从Kinect设备获得的深度信息中评估出人体的关节点信息,并用相对关节点位置差作为人体特征表达。在训练阶段,本文利用Lapacian eigenmaps(LE)流形学习对高维空间下的训练集进行降维,得到低维隐空间下的运动模型。在识别阶段,本文用最近邻差值方法将测试序列映射到低维流形空间中去,然后进行匹配计算。在匹配过程中,通过使用改进的Hausdorff距离对低维空间下测试序列和训练运动集的吻合度和相似度进行度量。本文用Kinect设备捕获的数据进行了实验,取得了良好的效果;同时本文也在MSR Action3D数据库上进行了测试,结果表明在训练样本较多情况下,本文识别效果优于以往方法。实验结果表明本文所提的方法适用于基于深度图像序列的人体动作识别。