非侵入式负荷监测综述EI北大核心CSCD

非侵入式负荷监测通过对总负荷电表数据进行分析处理,能够实现对各个用电设备及其工作状态的辨识,可广泛应用于建筑节能、智慧城市、智能电网等领域.近年来,随着智能电表的大规模部署以及各类机器学习算法的广泛应用,非侵入式负荷监测引起了学术界与工业界的共同关注.本文对非侵入式负荷监测方面的研究进行综述.首先提炼非侵入式负荷监测的问题模型及基本框架;然后分别对非侵入式负荷监测的数据采集与预处理过程、负荷分解模型与方法、常用数据集及评估指标进行归纳总结;最后,对目前研究中存在的挑战进行分析,并对未来的研究方向进行展望.     

面向深度学习的非侵入式负荷监测研究进展

非侵入式负荷监测, 是智能用电和节能技术的重要部分, 备受研究者关注. 由于近年来新发展起来的深度学习方法在各种任务所表现出来的优越性能, 目前已有一些代表性深度学习方法被成功用于非侵入式负荷监测中的负荷分解任务. 为了系统地总结深度学习方法在非侵入式负荷监测领域中的研究现状与进展, 拟对近年来面向深度学习的非侵入式负荷监测研究文献进行分析与归纳. 首先对非侵入式负荷监测的框架进行简要概述; 随后介绍了非侵入式负荷监测的特征提取方法和公开数据集, 并重点分析和归纳了非侵入式负荷监测中面向深度学习的负荷分解方法; 最后对该领域存在的一些挑战及机遇进行了展望, 并指出了其未来的研究方向.     

基于IPSO-FHMM的非侵入式负荷分解

非侵入式负荷分解是智能用电系统的一个重要环节,可深入分析用户的用电信息,对负荷预测、需求侧管理及电网安全有重要意义.本文提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化因子隐马尔可夫模型(IPSO-FHMM)的非侵入式负荷分解方法.利用高斯混合模型(GMM)对单负荷进行状态聚类,总负载模型由因子隐马尔可夫模型表示.针对Baum-Welch算法容易收敛于局部极值的问题,将线性递减权重的粒子群优化算法引入到FHMM的参数训练中.使用AMPds2数据集进行仿真实验,结果表明,该模型可以有效地提高分解精度.     

基于NILM的污染源监测方法应用初探

鉴于现有污染源监测技术易于作弊的问题,提出了一种基于非侵入式负荷监测(NILM)的新型污染源监测方法,通过实时监测企业入户电力线路获取排污设备和治污设备启停信息。首先,对采集到的线路电压和电流信号进行小波去噪,然后,设计了基于最小二乘预测法的设备投切事件检测方法,最后,提出相位和频率矫正来提高设备负荷特征提取精度。BLUED数据库仿真以及实际工程应用结果表明：基于NILM技术的污染源监测方法能以较高的速度和精度检测出设备投切事件和负荷特征,同时具备较高的抗干扰能力和较低的实现难度,推广应用前景广阔。     

电器辨识算法与系统研究

家庭用电负荷分解数据的加工利用,对于提高节能减排水平以及促进智能电网的发展具有重要意义。负荷监测有侵入式和非侵入式两种主流监测方式。但是它们都因各自的缺点而难以得到广泛应用。通过对这两种监测方式的研究,设计了一种新的负荷监测方式。通过将非侵入式结构和侵入式结构相融合,基于电流差异性和基尔霍夫电流定律,建立了电力干线数学模型。采用C-均值法对实时监测到的电流进行分类,达到辨识效果。对9种常用的家用电器分3个辨识节点进行试验。试验2 h内,辨识的准确率可达99.98%。该系统对于推动家庭服务类人工智能的发展具有积极作用。     

改进最小二乘变点识别法在负荷分解的应用

随着全世界正进行的大规模智能电表的推广安装,使用非侵入式负荷监测分解方法,总电能消耗分解为单独设备的消耗,成为最近的研究热点。而变点识别是负荷分解方法中的第一步。精确的变点检测为后续提取特征以及识别负荷,打下了坚实的基础。提出了一种基于均值变点模型的识别算法,通过滑动窗口,利用最小二乘法计算目标函数,以确定变点个数。最后,提出假设检验,来验证变点检测的准确性。它能根据相关信号准确检测到负荷投切等引起的电气量变化、发生时刻等重要信息,并记录下来,然后为后续的负荷识别和分解提供保障。最后以某商业写字楼为例,通过测量该商业部分用电负荷数据,从而验证了该算法的可行性。     

基于上采样金字塔结构的卷积神经网络的非侵入负荷辨识算法

非侵入式负荷监测（NILM）技术为需求侧管理提供了技术支撑,而非侵入负荷辨识是负荷监测过程中的关键环节。在负荷数据采样过程中无法实现长期的实时高频采集,得到的负荷数据还存在缺乏时序性的问题;同时,卷积神经网络（CNN）存在对低级信号特征表现不足的缺陷。针对以上两个问题,提出了一种基于上采样金字塔结构的CNN非侵入负荷辨识算法。所提算法直接面向采集到的负荷电流信号,利用上采样网络扩展数据在时间维度上的相关信息弥补数据的时序性,并通过双向金字塔一维卷积提取负荷信号的高级与低级特征,以对负荷特征进行全面利用,从而实现对未知负荷信号进行识别的目的。实验结果表明,基于上采样金字塔结构的CNN非侵入负荷辨识算法的识别准确率能够达到95.21%,且具有良好的泛化能力,可有效实现负荷辨识。     

基于随机森林非侵入式负荷分解的地区居民需求响应能力评估

需求响应在缓解供电不足、促进新能源消纳以及节约发电侧的资源投资方面意义重大,而需求响应能力评估可以为需求响应策略的制定提供依据。为解决需求响应能力评估困难的问题,本文提出一种基于非侵入式负荷分解的地区居民响应能力评估的方法。首先建立基于随机森林算法的非侵入式负荷分解模型,再使用该模型针对性的分解出单个用户的可中断负荷,然后基于可中断负荷的用电情况计算出单个用户在各个时刻的响应能力,最后再将区域内的所有用户聚合即可得到地区居民总的响应能力。在真实数据集上进行验证,结果表明所提出的基于随机森林非侵入式负荷分解模型可以更精确的得到用户可中断负荷的有功功率值,地区有功功率聚合误差也更小,可以较好的进行需求响应能力评估。     

基于结合情景上下文的FHMM负荷分解方法

负荷监测是实现智能用电的关键技术,为了实现非侵入式负荷检测,提出一种结合情景上下文的因子隐马尔可夫(FHMM)负荷分解方法。运用FHMM模型对负荷进行建模。根据电器工作状态的功率服从高斯分布,运用高斯混合模型进行电器状态聚类。结合情景上下文信息,对负载设备的状态转移概率进行优化消除冗余状态转移概率,对状态空间以及状态转移路径进行约束降低维特比算法的复杂度。基于REDD数据集验证了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于改进kNN算法与暂稳态特征的非侵入式负荷监测方法

非侵入式负荷监测（Non-intrusive Load Monitoring, NILM）通过分析电力总回路的电气信息得到回路中各电器的运行数据,为用户的节能优化和电网的优化调度提供依据。现有NILM方法主要将研究重点放在提高负荷识别准确度上,模型复杂度高,难以在嵌入式设备上应用。针对上述问题,提出一种基于改进kNN算法与暂稳态特征的NILM方法。首先选择无需训练的kNN算法作为负荷识别模型,采用距离权重统计方法对kNN算法进行改进,并增加余弦相似度判断机制检验kNN算法负荷识别结果准确性;然后选择暂态特征和稳态特征作为负荷特征以提高负荷特征辨识度;最后利用实验采集数据进行验证,上述NILM方法具有良好的性能。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate