一种基于执行器控制域的分布式数据收集协议

针对无线传感器/执行器网络(Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks,WSANs)中执行器控制域的数据收集问题,提出了一种基于执行器控制域的分布式数据收集协议(DG-ACD协议).DG-ACD协议从能量有效性和数据融合的角度,提出了执行器控制域内传感器节点的中继代价函数,并以执行器节点为中心,采用发射功率分级递进的路由建立方式,为控制域内的每个传感器节点寻找其到达执行器节点的中继节点,从而实现对执行器控制域内传感器节点的聚集和数据收集.实验仿真结果表明,网络中节点(包括执行器节点)部署完成后,DG-ACD协议能有效地将网络中的传感器节点聚集到相应的执行器节点,并在数据收集的能量有效性、实时性和稳定性上均有良好表现.     

基于优化簇半径的WSNs非均匀分簇路由

为了有效解决无线传感器网络分簇路由协议中,靠近SINK节点的簇头因特发大量数据而过早耗尽能量,提出了一种优化簇半径的非均匀分簇路由协议(UCOR),其核心思想是通过优化簇半径对无线传感器网络进行合理分簇,使靠近SINK节点的簇规模小于远离SINK节点的簇.仿真实验结果表明,与EEUC和LEACH等路由协议相比UCOR路由协议有效地均衡了节点能量消耗,显著地延长了网络生命周期.     

一种新型的WSAN两层协作路由协议

在WSN网络中引入执行器节点构成WSAN网络,并依据WSAN网络特性提出一种新的协作路由协议——基于动态分簇的角度转发路由协议AFRPDC(Angle Forwarding Routing Protocol base on Dynamic Clustering)。AFRPDC协议由2部分算法组成:基于接收信号强度RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication)的动态分簇算法BRCA(Based on RSSI Dynamic Clustering Algorithm)和角度转发路由协议AFRP(Angle Forwarding Routing Protocol)。BRCA算法保证传感器节点形成较为稳定的拓扑,实现传感器节点与簇头节点的协作;AFRP协议利用簇头节点的角度信息转发事件报告,实现簇头节点与执行器节点的协作通信。仿真结果表明,AFRPDC协议中节点分簇有较好的稳定性,同时AFRPDC较基于链路状态分簇的定向扩散协议DDLSC在降低平均时延和节点能耗方面有更好的表现,可满足WSAN网络对实时性、可靠性和低能耗的要求。     

无线传感器网络中一种能量均衡的分簇策略

以无线传感器网络中的能量消耗模型为基础,提出了一种能量均衡的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议EECHS(energy-effficient cluster-head selection)。该协议通过节点的剩余能量和节点距离基站的距离来调节其成为簇首的概率,并进一步调节簇的大小。仿真结果表明,与改进后的DCHS协议相比,该策略使网络的生命周期和稳定周期分别提高了31%和45%以上。     

能量自适应的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议

为有效解决无线传感器网络中的"热区"问题,提出了一种能量自适应的非均匀分簇路由协议.协议采取非均匀的分簇结构,使靠近基站的簇范围减小到合理的范围,即在靠近基站的区域内,每个簇由较少的无线传感器节点构成,这些节点的主要工作是负责转发其它簇的信息,从而有效减少其能量消耗速率.同时,协议在通信路由的过程中还综合考虑了簇头与中转节点的距离以及中转节点的能量消耗率.实验结果表明,该协议有效解决了"热区"问题,并且延长了无线传感器网络的生命周期.     

无线传感器网络能量异构非均匀分簇路由协议

基于分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议,采用多跳路由方式传输数据至基站,容易造成靠近基站的节点转发大量数据而过早失效。另外,分簇协议通常假定网络节点是能量同构的,不能有效解决节点能量异构的问题。因此,从非均匀分簇的角度出发,结合局部竞争簇首机制,提出了一种基于能量异构的分簇协议（EHUC）。仿真结果表明该协议能够有效应用于能量异构的无线传感器网络,并延长网络的生命周期。     

能量高效的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议

无线传感器网络的路由协议设计要同时关注单个节点的能耗及整个网络能量的均匀消耗。在分析现有分簇路由协议的基础上,提出一种能量高效的分簇路由协议,通过结合节点能量选举簇头,采用限制簇规模的优化簇形成算法和改进的多跳簇间转发方式,节约节点能量,平衡簇间负载。仿真结果表明,该协议能有效降低网络能量消耗,延长网络生存周期。     

一种能量有效控制的实时无线传感器网络路由协议

提出了一种能量有效控制实时无线传感器网络路由协议.该协议通过信息类分处理,动态聚点策略,基于遗传算法的单跳延迟实现了网络传输端到端的实时性保证以及网络能量有效性控制;利用上溯重新路由方法,来处理网络拥塞问题,并实现了处理拥塞的智能化.经过实际应用,证明该协议是十分有效的,能满足无线传感器网络传输实时性和能量有效性要求.     

一种综合优化的矿用无线传感器网络路由协议

在深入分析煤矿安全监测应用对无线传感器网络特殊要求的基础上,提出了一种综合优化的分簇路由协议.通过多方面优化成簇和簇头选举机制改善了簇头分布及"热区"问题.提出创新性的"局部协商"策略使分簇路由中"重叠现象"得到有效的解决,最大限度地节约了节点能量.仿真结果表明:该协议有效延长了网络存活时间.     

能量高效的无线传感器网络路由协议

针对目前无线传感器网络分簇路由协议存在的节点能耗不均衡的问题,提出一种基于分簇思想的能量高效的多跳路由协议(EEMR)。该协议首先基于节点临近度将网络划分成簇,采用簇首自适应轮转模式优化簇内节点通信的能量消耗,以高剩余能量短路径向心角的适应度路由算法均衡簇间通信负载和能量消耗,有效避免多跳路由中出现的能量消耗不均衡问题。仿真结果表明,EEMR协议能有效均衡网络内节点的能量消耗,显著延长无线传感器网络的生命期并提高网络能量利用率。     

Clustering algorithms for maximizing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks with energy-harvesting sensors

Motivated by recent developments in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), we present several efficient clustering algorithms for maximizing the lifetime of WSNs, i.e., the duration till a certain percentage of the nodes die. Specifically, an optimization algorithm is proposed for maximizing the lifetime of a single-cluster network, followed by an extension to handle multi-cluster networks. Then we study the joint problem of prolonging network lifetime by introducing energy-harvesting (EH) nodes. An algorithm is proposed for maximizing the network lifetime where EH nodes serve as dedicated relay nodes for cluster heads (CHs). Theoretical analysis and extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can achieve optimal or suboptimal solutions efficiently, and therefore help provide useful benchmarks for various centralized and distributed clustering scheme designs.     

ECDC: An energy and coverage-aware distributed clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks

Clustering for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an effective scheme in utilizing sensor nodes energy and extending the network lifetime, while coverage preservation is one of the most essential issues to guarantee the quality of service (QoS). However, the coverage problem has not been well understood so far. For mission-critical applications of networks, it is crucial to consider coverage requirements when we select cluster heads and routing nodes for the clustering topology. In this paper, we propose the ECDC (Energy and Coverage-aware Distributed Clustering Protocol), an integrated protocol involving both energy and coverage, which is different from previous clustering protocols. For different practical applications, we design corresponding coverage importance metrics and introduce them into the clustering algorithm. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that our protocol is effective in improving network coverage performance, reducing nodes energy dissipation and extending the network lifetime.     

无线感知执行网的智能协作机制研究

针对无线感知执行网中的节点协作问题,提出了多目标智能协作策略。在感知节点不完全连通的WSANs中,设计局部感知节点成簇算法,实现感知节点间的通信协作;以网络能耗均衡和信息传输时延为目标,应用离散多目标自由搜索算法对WSANs进行实时路径规划,实现簇头节点和执行节点间的协作,并通过路径惩罚策略和路径均衡策略,保证寻优结果的有效性、均衡执行节点之间的能耗。仿真实验表明:无线感知执行网智能协作机制能有效地选择多执行节点路径,实现网络协作的实时需求与能量消耗之间的平衡。     

一种带有能量自补给节点的异构传感器网络分簇路由算法

针对现有无线传感器网络分簇路由算法的网络生命周期短、能量消耗不均衡等问题,结合节点的能量采集技术,提出了一种带有能量自补给节点的异构传感器网络分簇路由算法。考虑到实际环境中节点能量补给不稳定,根据节点的剩余能量和当前能量自补给状态,设计了能量均衡的簇头选举机制和簇间多跳机制。仿真结果表明,在延长网络生命周期和均衡全网能量消耗方面,该算法优于采用相同能量补给规律的传统分簇路由算法(LEACH算法和SEP算法)和其他基于能量自补给的分簇路由算法(PHC算法和EBCS算法)。     

Particle swarm optimization based clustering algorithm with mobile sink for WSNs

Wireless sensor networks with fixed sink node often suffer from hot spots problem since sensor nodes close to the sink usually have more traffic burden to forward during transmission process. Utilizing mobile sink has been shown as an effective technique to enhance the network performance such as energy efficiency, network lifetime, and latency, etc. In this paper, we propose a particle swarm optimization based clustering algorithm with mobile sink for wireless sensor network. In this algorithm, the virtual clustering technique is performed during routing process which makes use of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The residual energy and position of the nodes are the primary parameters to select cluster head. The control strategy for mobile sink to collect data from cluster head is well designed. Extensive simulation results show that the energy consumption is much reduced, the network lifetime is prolonged, and the transmission delay is reduced in our proposed routing algorithm than some other popular routing algorithms.     

Scalable security in Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs): Integration re-keying with routing

Our research aims to address the challenging security issues in Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs), a special type of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Since WSANs have specific network constraints and data transmission requirements compared to general ad hoc networks and other wireless/wired networks, we propose to seamlessly integrate WASN security with a ripple-zone (RZ)-based routing architecture that is scalable and energy-efficient. In this research, we will also develop a two-level re-keying/re-routing schemes that cannot only adapt to a dynamic network topology but also securely update keys for each data transmission session. Moreover, to provide the security for the in-networking processing such as data aggregation in WSANs, we define a multiple-key management scheme in conjunction with our proposed Ripple-Zone routing architecture. Extensive simulations and hardware experiments have been conducted to verify the energy-efficiency and security performance of our security scheme for WSANs.     

基于混合分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议

提出一种基于混合分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议(EEHCRP).该协议综合了集中式和分布式分簇的优点,使得簇头分布更加均匀并减少了簇重构的开销.在此分簇的基础上,使用改进的多路径路由树建立簇问路由,使其不但可以减少重传次数,提高数据传输的稳定性,还缓解了簇头的能耗.然后使用CMMBCR算法建立一条能量高效的簇内路由.仿真结果表明:该协议较之经典的分簇路由协议不仅有效地均衡了网络能量消耗、显著地延长了网络生命周期,而且具有较强的鲁棒性.     

一种适合Underlay认知无线传感网络的跨层路由算法

在Underlay认知无线传感网络（Underlay Cognitive Radio Sensor Network,Underlay CRSN）中,由于每个信道被主用户所使用的状态随机变化,设计路由算法不仅需要考虑网络中节点的能量消耗以及延长网络寿命的需求,还要考虑路由路径上各链路的信道选择策略对路径数据传输可靠性的影响。该文研究了Underlay认知无线电模型下的CRSN路由问题,提出了一种适合该路由问题的链路Utility函数,并将这类问题建模为以最小化Utility为目标的最优化问题。在讨论了几种传统的无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Network,WSN）路由算法之后,提出了一种适合Underlay CRSN的跨层路由算法,并给出了该算法的分布式实现方案。计算机仿真表明所提出的路由算法能很好地适应UnderlayCRSN中信道可用状态的随机变化。     

基于蚁群优化的无线传感器网络路由算法

如何在资源受限的无线传感器网络中进行高效的数据路由是无线传感器网络研究的热点之一。基于群智能优化技术的蚁群优化算法被广泛应用于网络路由算法。提出一种无线传感器网络蚁群优化路由算法,能够保持网络的生存时间最长,同时能找到从源节点到基站节点的最短路径;采用的多路数据传输也可提供高效可靠的数据传输,同时考虑节点的能量水平。仿真结果表明:提出的算法延长了无线传感器网络的寿命,实现无线传感器网络在通信过程中快速、节能的路由。     

基于LEACH和PEGASIS的簇头成链可靠路由协议研究

减少能耗、延长网络寿命是无线传感网络的关键技术.基于LEACH和PEGASIS算法,提出一种改进的有效路由算法.改进的算法规定LEACH中簇头数目为5个,利用PEGASIS算法使簇头成链,并选择剩余能量最多的簇头传送信息给基站.在选择簇头时,考虑节点的剩余能量,给节点设置一个能量阈值,小于该值则不能当选为簇头,因此提高了网络的健壮性.理论分析和仿真结果表明,改进后的算法比LEACH算法生命周期提高117%～351%,且能耗更加均匀,同时与PEGASIS相比,时延提高290%.