基于KD树和R树的多维云数据索引

针对云存储系统大多基于键值对模型存储数据,多维查询需要对整个数据集进行完全扫描,查询效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于KD树和R树的多维索引结构(简称KD-R索引)。KD-R索引采用双层索引模式,在全局服务器建立基于KD树的多维全局索引,在局部数据节点构建R树多维本地索引。基于性能损耗模型,选取索引代价较小的R树节点发布到全局KD树,从而优化多维查询性能。实验结果表明：与全局分布式R树索引相比,KD-R索引能够有效提高多维范围查询性能,并且在出现服务器节点失效的情况下,KD-R索引同样具有高可用性。     

基于双层索引结构的起源图查询方法

为解决现有的起源图查询效率低和资源占用率高的问题,考虑起源信息和数据本身之间的关联关系以及起源信息内部结构特点,提出了一种基于双层索引结构的起源图查询方法。首先,面向起源图查询,提出了一种包括基于词典表全局索引和基于位图局部索引的双层索引结构,全局索引用于查询起源图所存储的服务器节点,局部索引用于对全局索引查询到的服务器节点细化查询;然后,基于双层索引结构,设计了一种起源图查询方法,针对6种选择索引和3种join链接索引实现了查询算法。实验结果表明,所提方法既提高了查询效率,又降低了内存资源的浪费。     

移动对象数据库预测范围聚集查询技术研究

针对预测范围聚集查询处理技术，提出了一种面向移动对象的聚集TPR树索引。聚集TPR树索引在TPR树中间节点中加入移动对象聚集信息以减少预测范围聚集查询所需要的节点访问代价。并增加了一个建于移动对象标识上的哈希辅助索引结构以支持自底向上的删除搜索算法，具有很好的动态更新性能和并发性。提出了一种EPRA查询算法，采用更精确的剪枝搜索准则，大大减少了查询所需要访问的磁盘节点，具有良好的查询性能。     

面向移动对象的高效预测范围聚集查询方法

预测范围聚集查询是移动对象数据库中重要的查询类型之一.提出了一种PRA树高效预测范围聚集查询索引,对速度域进行规则划分,根据速度矢量大小将移动对象映射到不同的速度桶中,针对每个速度桶,提出了一种聚集TPR树索引,通过在TPR树中间节点中加入聚集信息以减少预测范围聚集查询所需要的节点访问代价.PRA树索引增加了一个建于叶节点之上的Hash辅助索引结构,并采用自底向上的删除搜索算法,具有很好的动态性能和并发性.提出了一种增强预测范围聚集查询EPRA算法,采用更精确的剪枝搜索准则,减少了查询所需要访问的节点代价.实验结果与分析表明,基于PRA树索引的EPRA查询算法具有良好的查询性能,优于通用的TPR*树索引.     

分片位图索引:一种适用于云数据管理的辅助索引机制

云计算技术的快速发展为海量数据的存储和管理提供了可能.然而,由于存储模型的根本改变,传统关系数据库管理系统中成熟的索引技术既不能直接应用于海量数据的处理,也无法被简单地迁移到云计算环境中.通过分析对比辅助索引在云环境中的两种截然不同的基本逻辑结构,即集中式方案与分布式方案,在吸收两者的优势并规避其弱点的基础上,提出了具有良好可扩展性的分片位图索引机制,从而对云环境中海量数据的检索任务提供高效的支持.通过充分利用云环境中的并行计算资源,使单条查询的响应速度得到提升;与此同时,局部节点根据其所掌握的全局信息规避了不必要的检索开销从而使大量请求并发到达时的查询吞吐量得以保证.在真实数据上进行实验的结果表明,分片位图索引的查询性能大大优于其它方法.     

基于路网的移动对象动态双层索引结构

为了支持对大规模不确定性移动对象当前及将来位置的查询,亟需设计更加有效和高效的索引结构.当前索引算法主要考虑索引建立和维护的效率问题或关注基于索引进行查询时的准确性,对索引建立维护以及查询时性能综合考虑的研究较少.针对已有方法的不足,提出基于路网的移动对象动态双层索引结构DISC-tree,对静态路网信息采用R~*-tree索引,对实时更新的移动对象运动轨迹采用结点更新代价较小的R-tree进行索引,设计哈希表和双向链表辅助结构对索引协同管理.成都市真实地图数据集上的实验结果表明:相比于经典的NDTRtree,DISC-tree在索引建立和维护方面时间代价平均减少39.1%,移动对象轨迹查询时间代价平均减少24.1%;相比于FNR-tree,DISC-tree的范围查询准确率平均提高约31.6%.     

基于双层网格索引的移动对象KNN查询算法

移动对象KNN查询技术是当前数据库领域中的一个研究热点.实际的移动对象的应用多数存在由对象速度变化引起的动态负载问题,而现有KNN查询算法较少考虑该问题.提出了一种基于双层网格索引的移动对象KNN查询算法.算法采用粗细双层网格将不同速度的移动对象分开索引,对于速度快的对象在粗网格中索引,速度慢的在细网格中索引,减少了索引的更新次数,提高了KNN查询的效率.针对真实数据集实验结果表明,基于双层网格索引结构的移动对象KNN查询算法与以往采用单层网格的算法相比,能有效地解决动态负载问题.     

一种支持多维区间查询的云对等网络索引架构*

针对用户在大规模云对等网络环境下多维区间查询问题,将基于m叉平衡树的索引架构引入到云对等网络环境下,在该架构上实现集中式环境下支持多维数据索引的层次化树结构,例如R树,QR树等。多维区间查询算法保证查询从树的任意位置开始,避免了根节点引起的系统性能瓶颈问题。通过计算和实验验证,对于N个节点的网络,多维区间查询效率为O(logmN)(m>2)(m表示扇出),由此可见,查询效率和维数d无关,查询效率不会随着维数d的增加而降低。最后建立基于扇出m的代价模型,并且计算出了最优的m值。     

支持动态负载的移动对象最近邻查询算法

提出一种基于双层网格索引的移动对象KNN查询算法,解决由移动对象速度变化引起的动态负载问题。算法采用粗细双层网格将不同速度的移动对象分开索引,在粗网格中索引运动速度快的对象,在细网格中索引运动速度慢的对象,减小了网格索引的维护代价,提高了KNN查询效率。针对真实数据集实验结果表明,与传统算法相比,该算法能更有效地解决动态负载问题。     

一种通用的可伸缩增量连续查询处理框架

连续查询(continuous queries,CQ)是时空数据库中重要的查询类型.针对基于TPR树索引和R树索引的大量并发连续查询处理,提出了一种可伸缩的增量连续查询处理(scalable processing of incremental continuous queries,SICQ)框架,通过引入搜索区域进行预裁剪以减少查询更新所需要的索引节点访问代价,并引入了增量结果表保存候选对象、批量地更新查询结果集.SICQ框架能够高效处理大量并发的连续查询,具有良好的可伸缩性.基于SICQ框架提出了一种增量更新的SICQ查询处理算法,能够基于上次查询结果增量地更新查询,支持查询集合中加入或删除查询和对象数据集的插入、删除等动态更新操作.实验结果与分析表明,基于SICQ算法的SICQ框架可以很好地支持大量并发的连续查询处理,具有良好的实用价值.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate