基于minmaxKKT条件的三维重构方法

机器视觉中, 三维重构是一个重要问题. 基于2范数的最小二乘法速度较快, 但因误差代价函数非凸, 理论上无法获得全局最优解, 即使通过分支限界等方法, 往往也只能获得局部最优. 无穷范数表示的误差代价函数理论上可以获得全局最优, 但是计算速度很慢. 本文提出一种基于最小最大库恩塔克条件(minmaxKKT)的三维重构方法. 该方法利用minmaxKKT条件对基于2范数的三维重构结果进行全局最优判别, 对陷入局部最优的结果运用混合最速下降法进行全局寻优. 该方法可以获得全局最优, 相对于无穷范数算法具有更高的计算效率. 对标准数据集和真实数据的实验结果证明了本文算法的可行性和优点.     

等残留高度曲面加工刀具轨迹生成算法验证

对等残留高度曲面加工刀具轨迹规划方法进行实验,以验证这种算法的有效性.     

一种基于优化QPSO的大数据云存储调度方法研究

为了提升量子粒子群算法(QPSO)的全局收敛性及收敛效率,优化QPSO的全局最优位置计算方法.通过计算粒子当前适应度值与历史最高适应度值的差值占所有粒子适应度差值和的比重,来作为全局最优位置计算中各粒子局部最优位置的权重.粒子的寻优能力越强,其局部最优位置在全局最优位置计算中所占的权重就越高,使得粒子迅速向优秀粒子靠拢.将优化后的QPSO应用于大数据云存储平台的任务调度中.仿真实验表明,优化后的QPSO具有高效的全局搜索性能,能快速地为大数据云存储平台提供最佳任务调度策略.     

基于改进蚁群和DWA算法的机器人动态路径规划

路径规划技术是移动机器人研究领域中的一个重要分支,使得机器人能够在多障碍物环境中安全快速地找到一条相对最优路径.针对全局路径规划时蚁群算法盲目性搜索、易陷入局部最优、收敛速度慢以及局部路径规划时DWA算法难以有效地规避动态障碍物等问题,提出一种改进蚁群算法与DWA算法的融合算法.首先,采用GRRT-Connect算法不等分配初始信息素,解决陷阱地图中局部最优问题;然后,增加蚁群接力搜索方法以解决蚂蚁禁忌表自死锁问题,并利用切片取优方法优化最优路径选择机制得到全局最优路径;接着,以最优路径关键点为子目标点运行DWA算法,提出自适应调节速度方法进行最优行驶;最后,提出预计算方法规避动态障碍物达到局部规划效果.仿真结果表明,与现有文献结果相比,融合算法最优路径长度缩短了10.28%,收敛速度加快了6.55%,验证了所提出算法的有效性和优越性.     

基于Z-map模型的自由曲面无干涉刀具轨迹生成算法研究

刀具轨迹生成是自由曲面零件数控加工中重要的研究内容.本文分析了自由曲面数控加工中常用的刀具轨迹生成策略和方法,设计和实现了一种基于Z-map结构的自由曲面无干涉刀具轨迹生成算法.本算法采用进化算法进行刀具干涉检测,不仅解决了生成刀具轨迹时因走刀步长不合理而产生的过切问题,而且也确保了生成的刀具轨迹为无干涉刀具轨迹.     

基于运动控制和频域分析的移动机器人能耗最优轨迹规划

本文针对两轮自平衡可移动机器人, 提出了一种新的能耗最优运动轨迹规划方法.本文将轨迹规划与由轨迹跟踪控制器和机器人动力学方程组成的运动控制模型相结合, 基于期望轨迹与实际电机输入电压间的传递函数和能量在时域和频域上的对应关系, 通过频域分析的方法得到了具有明确机理表达的线性能耗模型, 并采用最小二乘线性回归法对模型参数进行辨识.对于能耗最优轨迹, 由全局路径规划得到的路径点作为局部轨迹规划的局部目标点, 通过一定的数学转换和参数求导, 可直接得到相邻两个局部目标点间的能耗最优运行轨迹和对应的运行时间.通过仿真实验证明了本文所提能耗模型的准确性和所得轨迹的能耗最优性.     

斐波那契树优化算法求解多峰函数全局最优解的可达性分析

为分析和验证斐波那契树优化算法（Fibonacci tree optimization algorithm,FTO）求解多峰函数全局最优解的算法性能,对算法的可达性问题进行研究.本文基于斐波那契法构造一个斐波那契树结构,在搜索空间中进行全局、局部交替搜索,不易陷入局部最优解.对斐波那契树优化算法基于该结构的可达性进行分析和证明.通过跟踪算法求解过程中坐标点的累积分布仿真实验和到达率的对比实验,分析和验证了算法求解多峰函数全局最优解的可达性.     

五轴侧铣加工空间刀具半径补偿算法的研究

根据五轴数控侧铣加工主要依靠刀轴矢量姿态变化来完成的特点,对侧铣加工中的刀具半径补偿问题进行研究,提出了一种补偿方法.该方法应用在工件坐标系下,与具体的机床类型无关,充分考虑刀轴矢量可变的各种加工情形.算法包括一个加工块内的半径补偿、拐角类型的判别公式、内拐角和外拐角处的过渡处理方法.文中对补偿方法进行了误差理论分析,并结合加工实例在matlab中进行了仿真实验,实验结果显示补偿算法能够满足系统加工的精度要求.     

基于量子行为烟花算法的移动机器人路径规划及平滑

针对移动机器人全局路径规划问题,提出一种基于量子行为烟花算法(quantum-behaved fireworks algorithm,QFWA)的路径规划方法.改进算法在基本烟花算法(fireworks algorithm, FWA)的基础上增加了基于量子行为的烟花爆炸策略.该策略使得种群在接近全局最优时具有较强的局部搜索能力,同时在种群远离全局最优位置时具有较强的全局搜索能力.改进算法提高了烟花爆炸产生火花的多样性和算法的收敛速度.在Benchmark测试函数上将改进算法与其他几种优化算法进行了对比,结果表明改进算法的性能优于其他算法.将QFWA应用于求解移动机器人路径规划问题,并采用均值滤波结合人工势场法对规划出的路径进行路径平滑处理.仿真实验结果表明改进方法在移动机器人路径规划问题上的可行性和有效性.     

侧铣加工中铣刀形状和运动路径的求解

研究五轴联动数控机床侧铣加工中铣刀的形状确定和运动路径的规划问题.利用旋转曲面铣刀和设计曲面呈相切关系的事实,将一个铣刀的刚体运动描述为一个带约束的优化问题并给出求解方法.该方法以用户交互给出的一个线段作为铣刀轴的初始位置,通过计算铣刀的最优刚体运动生成一个轴线段的运动序列,并再通过对旋转曲面的经线做最小二乘拟合得到一个旋转曲面铣刀.实验结果表明,文中方法得到的刀具的运动生成的加工曲面与设计曲面具有较小的逼近误差,从而提供了一种铣刀运动路径优化算法的初始化方法,对提高已有路径优化算法的效率和结果的质量有重要作用.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate