聚苯胺材料的常温气敏特性研究

本文初探了电解聚合法制备的聚苯胺材料的气敏特性;简述了材料制备和特性测量的实验方法.结果表明,这种材料具有较低的阻值,在常温下对氨气有较高的灵敏度,并有较好的选择性和稳定性,对氨的灵敏度可达50～100Ω/10~(-6),电阻值的相对变化约达5%/10·10~(-6).     

一种新型石英晶振微天平水果气体传感器研究

为监测水果在仓储、运输等过程中的新鲜程度,研制了一种石英晶振微天平（QCM）气体传感器。以基频6 MHz的石英晶体为基片,运用一步原位聚合法在其上沉积了对甲苯磺酸（TSA）掺杂聚苯胺气敏薄膜,制作出QCM水果气体传感器。搭建了测试平台,设计了相应的起振、整形、差频、频压转换及数据采集电路。在室温下,测试了该传感器对放置不同天数的苹果释放气体的敏感特性。实验结果表明,在一定范围内,TSA掺杂浓度增加会改善传感器的气敏性能。传感器对放置不同天数的苹果释放气具有不同的响应特性,且具有灵敏度高、线性度好、响应速度快、重复性好等优点,有望在水果仓储运输方面得以应用。     

聚乙二醇掺杂聚苯胺复合材料气敏性能的研究

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,用一步乳液聚合法合成PAN/PEG复合物.通过控制变量法,考察了不同制备因素对PAN/PEG乳液稳定性和复合材料气敏性能的影响,优化得到合成过程中最佳实验参数:n(DBSA)/n(An)=1.0,n(APS)/n(An)=1.0,n(PEG)/n(An)=2,聚...     

聚苯胺-复合钒钼酸纳米复合材料的湿敏特性研究

采用原位氧化聚合法制备了聚苯胺—复合钒钼酸纳米复合材料,并对其进行了XRD表征和湿敏特性研究。结果表明:聚苯胺插入复合钒钼酸层间,当An∶H2V10Mo2O31±y=1/2∶1时,湿敏性能最好,在工作频率为1 kHz,温度为20℃的条件下,PAn-H2V10Mo2O31±y湿敏元件在全湿度范围内线性好、灵敏度高,是一种很有前途的新型湿敏材料。     

聚苯胺/沸石分子筛复合材料的湿敏特性研究

酸化的聚苯胺是一种很有应用前途的感湿材料,沸石分子筛具有离子交换作用和较大比表面积的优良特性。将沸石分子筛与聚苯胺复合,可以增强聚苯胺的吸湿能力和载流子的移动性,进而改良感湿特性。利用结构导向剂法合成了沸石分子筛,与酸化的聚苯胺复合,并测量复合材料的感湿特性。与纯的聚苯胺相比,复合材料在低湿范围内有更好的灵敏度。     

沸石与CuO复合材料的气敏性能研究

采用水热合成法制备了花状CuO材料.为了改善CuO气体传感器性能,分别将ZSM-5型、HY型以及NaA型沸石与p型半导体CuO材料以涂覆法和直接混合法复合制成气敏元件.用X-射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)分别对制备的CuO材料以及3种沸石与CuO复合材料的形貌及其微观结构进行了表征与分析.将制备的几类敏感元件对多种VOC气体进行气敏测试.结果表明,与纯CuO相比,ZSM-5沸石/CuO复合材料均显著提高了对甲苯的响应值;HY沸石/CuO复合材料提高了对丙酮、乙醇、甲苯的响应值;NaA沸石/CuO复合材料改善了对乙醇和甲醛气体的响应值.初步分析了ZSM-5、HY、NaA沸石对CuO气敏特性改善的机理.     

氨气检测的聚苯胺碳纳米管复合敏感膜的研究与应用

本文介绍了基于聚苯胺及多壁碳纳米管复合材料的氨气传感器的制备与测试,使用原位聚合法使苯胺单体以碳纳米管为核心进行聚合反应,运用介电泳法制备得聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管气敏复合膜传感器。该传感器对10×10-6氨气的响应灵敏度为3.4,响应时间15 s,而对比实验中聚苯胺膜传感器的灵敏度为1.9。实验结果表明,由于碳纳米管在介电泳过程中构建的大比表面积纳米三维结构和优良的导电率,纳米复合材料的微观结构和导电性能都得到大幅改善,从而使得复合物具有相对于纯聚苯胺膜更好的气敏特性。     

中国微米纳米----氧化锡气敏薄膜的喷墨打印技术研究

喷墨打印技术具有无需掩膜图形化、室温加工、方便操作等优点.利用喷墨打印技术在微热板上打印SnO2多孔薄膜.根据打印机的定位精度和微热板的悬空尺寸设计了打印图形,根据目标厚度确定打印层数,以及打印后的干燥工艺参数;通过扫描电镜对薄膜结构进行微观表征,敏感薄膜表面平整,成膜均匀;最后对其进行气敏测试,当微热板工作在250 ℃时,打印的SnO2气敏薄膜对乙醇有良好的响应,检测到最低乙醇浓度为0.5×10-6,响应和恢复时间均在3 s左右.     

气敏元件特性自动测量系统

报导了一种带微机控制的、全新的气敏元件特性自动测试设备,它具有温、湿度控制和气体浓度快速切换,能很好地反映元件的静、动态特性;为改进元件特性,研制新的元件应用系统提供了可靠的依据。     

声表面波醋酸气体传感器的气敏特性

本文研究了声表面波醋酸气体传感器的气敏特性。选用了复合膜材料，性能稳定响应时间２０秒，灵敏度高，膜材料受溶剂的干扰小，选择性好。     

Pd掺杂对SnO_2气敏性能的影响

在气体传感器中金属Pd被广泛用作的催化剂,利用直流溅射和浆料涂覆的方法制备出SnO2气敏元件,在氧气氛中通过直流溅射对SnO2元件进行Pd掺杂,并对用不同制备方法所得元件的电导、灵敏度等进行比较。结果表明:Pd掺杂降低了元件的电导,并使得电导峰出现的位置从460℃转移到260℃和180℃,这和样品的制备方法有关。Pd掺杂有利于提高SnO2元件的灵敏度,特别在低温区(100~250℃)对不同气体的灵敏度有几十倍提高。     

Application of conducting polyaniline as sensor material for ammonia

The change in resistance of polyaniline on exposure to aqueous ammonia has been utilized for the study of a prototype chemical sensor. This paper discusses various aspects of polyaniline and its suitability as a chemical sensor, particularly with reference to aqueous ammonia solution.     

Development of high sensitivity tin oxide based sensors for gas/odour detection at room temperature

An effort has been made to develop thick film tin oxide gas sensors which could detect various gases/odours at room temperature. To achieve this, the fabricated sensors were annealed in oxygen plasma for various durations. It was then found that, the room temperature sensitivity of such sensors was increased to about ten times as compared to the sensitivity of the non-annealed sensors. Further, plasma annealed sensors are found to be practically independent of temperature and the room temperature sensitivity of these sensors are found to be about 1.5 times the sensitivity of the conventional sensors at its operating temperature of 300°C. Studies on the variation of d.c. resistance, sensitivity, temporal response, current–temperature characteristics and impedance spectroscopy with the annealing time have also been made. These studies reveal that, with the increase in annealing time, there is a permanent gradual reduction in the d.c. resistance of annealed sensors. Further, it is also observed that with the increase in annealing time, the response time improves, barrier height reduces, barrier capacitance increases and the dependence of the sensitivity with temperature reduces while the sensitivity itself improves many-fold.     

HTPB/MWNTs-COOH复合导电材料气敏响应性能研究

本文是基于端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB）和羧基功能化多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs-COOH）之间的氢键耦合作用来开发一种新颖的聚氨酯(PU)气敏传感器。实验结果表明,制备的聚氨酯样品中存在着由软、硬段微区形成的微相分离结构,碳纳米管与聚氨酯之间的氢键相互作用赋予了材料对一些非极性有机溶剂饱和蒸气,如苯,环己烷,无水乙醚,四氯化碳等强的气敏响应行为。这种新型导电复合材料表现出良好的有气敏选择性和稳定性,为开发新颖的化学气敏传感器开辟了新途径。     

表面改性四针状纳米ZnO结构与气敏性能研究

将4种质量分数(5%,10%,20%,30%)的Co(CH3COO)24H2O混合到四针状纳米ZnO原料里,采用超声化学浸泡法制备出表面改性四针状纳米ZnO颗粒。通过XRD和TEM分析了表面改性四针状纳米ZnO结构的物相和形貌特征。随着Co(CH3COO)24H2O质量分数增大,Co3O4相明显出现,Co3O4相沉积在ZnO表面上。研究表明:以表面改性四针状纳米ZnO粉末为原料制备的厚膜气敏元件,与纯ZnO气敏元件相比,Co(CH3COO)24H2O质量分数为5%的气敏元件对酒精和甲醇有较高的灵敏度,并讨论了表面改性对气敏性能的影响。     

WO_3气敏薄膜的膜厚对气体响应时间的影响

用简单的模型分析了薄膜气体传感器敏感材料的膜厚对气体响应时间的影响,该模型适用于分析WO3薄膜气体传感器的敏感特性。薄膜气体传感器的敏感特性依赖于气体原子在薄膜内的扩散和与气敏材料的响应;而气体原子在薄膜内的扩散是由薄膜厚度决定的。经过推导得出理论上WO3薄膜对NH3的敏感特性,并将其与实验所得的数据进行比较。最后,给出了WO3薄膜气体传感器的气敏特性与气体在其膜内扩散和膜厚的关系。     

Orientation and thickness dependence of electrical and gas sensing properties in heteroepitaxial indium tin oxide films

Heteroepitaxial indium tin oxide (ITO) films were grown on three differently oriented yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates ((1 0 0), (1 1 0), (1 1 1)) by rf magnetron sputtering, and their structural characteristics and electrical and gas sensing properties were investigated. The initially formed ITO exhibited an island structure on the very thin layer and became a continuous film after the prolonged deposition. The heteroepitaxial relationships between ITO films and YSZ substrates were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, pole figure, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The chemical composition, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), was slightly different at early stage depending on the substrate orientation, but it became similar after the longer deposition. Hall measurements indicated that the electrical resistivity of ITO films decreased with increasing the deposition time (or film thickness) irrespective of the film orientation. The ITO film deposited on (1 1 0) YSZ for 10 s showed the highest electrical resistivity. The gas sensor fabricated from the ITO film on (1 1 0) YSZ deposited for 10 s showed the highest NO₂ gas response at relatively low temperature (100 °C), which was attributed to the higher Sn concentration and higher surface roughness of that film.     

Zn2+掺杂WO3基气敏材料的制备及气敏性能研究

通过加热分解钨酸制备的WO3与Zn(NO3)2溶液超声分散,制备出了掺杂Zn2 的WO3基气敏材料。研究了Zn2 掺杂对WO3气敏材料性能的影响。结果发现,Zn2 掺杂WO3基传感器对H2S有较好的气敏性能,在常温下对极低浓度(5×10-6)H2S也有很高的灵敏度(56),适量掺杂可以提高其灵敏度,Zn2 掺杂n_Zn~(2 )/n_W=2%的WO3基传感器的灵敏度最大,对50×10-6H2S在200℃灵敏度可达1800。通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD),比表面测定仪(BET)对材料进行了表征,比表面积范围介于2.5～3.5m2/g之间。结合有关理论,对元件气敏现象及机理进行了解释。