便携式远程脉搏采集系统的设计

远程脉搏采集系统能在不影响病人日常生活的情况下实时测量到病人的脉搏信号,并在脉率不正常时进行报警,家属或医生就可以及时进行救助,尽最大可能挽救病人的生命,它的研究对心脑血管病人有重大意义;文中以16位单片机MSP430F2274作为下位机,设计了一种便携式远程脉搏信号采集系统;该系统能够采集脉搏信号并利用蓝牙技术无线传输信号到PC机,然后利用VC++6.0语言编写程序,实现了脉搏信号的采集、脉搏波形的实时显示、脉率计算和语音报警等功能,同时利用Internet网络采用Winsock进行脉搏信号的远程传输,实现医生和病人(或者病人家属)进行语音、文字聊天等。     

Doctors’ Provision of Online Health Consultation Service and Patient Review Valence: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment

In this study, we focus on the effects of doctors’ provision of online health consultation service (OHCSV) on the review valence provided by patients. We develop a unique panel dataset based on over 3,000,000 reviews for 493,548 doctors on a leading online healthcare community in China. Coarsened exact matching and difference-in-difference estimators are used to determine causality. Findings corroborate that doctors’ provision of OHCSV increases the review valence posted by patients and significantly changes the valence structure by increasing and decreasing the proportion of positive and negative valences, respectively. Effects of OHCSV also differ among various review dimensions and doctors’ hierarchical levels. Doctors at lower hierarchical levels experience stronger positive provision effect than their counterparts. Such findings contribute to literature on sustainable doctor–patient relationship and expert service, and similarly generate implications for the sustainability of health platforms.     

Using tablets in medical consultations: Single loop and double loop learning processes

ObjectiveThis paper investigates the influence of using tablet in waiting rooms and medical examinations on how physicians give information and how patients learn. It further assesses the factors that impact patient satisfaction.MethodsPatients and physicians in a primary care clinic were given a tablet device to search for health information in the waiting room, and when interacting with the physician, while physicians used the tablet device to share information with patients during the medical consultation. 82 patients completed a ‘pre’ survey on using tablets to search for health related information and a ‘post’ survey after their visit. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze patient's perceptions.ResultsTablet use during consultation has a negative effect on patients' perceptions of physician information giving, but using the tablet in the waiting room has a positive impact on patient learning, perceptions of physicians' information giving and patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThis study indicates the importance of tablet use in ensuring information giving and patient learning. It further highlights the potential for tablets to promote single-loop learning in the medical encounter by better preparing patients for the physician's information giving. Tablets also enable double-loop learning, which leads to greater patient satisfaction.     

An adaptive doctor-recommender system

ABSTRACT

Recommender systems use machine-learning techniques to make predictions about resources. The medical field is one where much research is currently being conducted on recommender system utility. In the last few years, the amount of information available online that relates to healthcare has increased tremendously. Patients nowadays are more aware and look for answers to healthcare problems online. This has resulted in a dire need of an effective reliable online system to recommend the physician that is best suited to a particular patient in a limited time. In this article, a hybrid doctor-recommender system is proposed, by combining different recommendation approaches: content base, collaborative and demographic filtering to effectively tackle the issue of doctor recommendation. The proposed system addresses the issue of personalization through analysing patient's interest towards selecting a doctor. It uses a novel adoptive algorithm to construct a doctor's ranking function. Moreover, this ranking function is used to translate patients’ criteria for selecting a doctor into a numerical base rating, which will eventually be used in the recommendation of doctors. The system has been evaluated thoroughly, and result show that recommendations are reasonable and can fulfil patient's demand for reliable doctor's selection effectively.     

微创介入机器人系统设计与精度分析

针对微创介入手术对医生的身体危害性及难操作性等问题,设计了一种辅助医生手术操作的新型介入手术机器人系统,并详细阐述了模仿医生实际夹持与旋捻导管动作的仿生手指的设计理念以及基于神经网络的PID控制系统的设计过程。利用所研制出的血管介入机器人样机,开展了推进机构的精度实验,实验测试的各项精度结果证明所开发的推进机构满足精度的设计要求。通过对机构精度和误差来源的分析,给出提高精度的3条可行措施。本介入手术机器人满足设计要求,为同类产品的设计和改进提供了参考依据。     

Acceptability of a computer-administered psychiatric interview

A computerized version of the Present State Examination was developed and administered to 29 patients sitting at a terminal. Each subject was also interviewed by a doctor. After both interviews, patient acceptability of the computer interview was assessed. Subjects were asked to respond to number of objectively evaluated attitude statements expressing favorable or unfavorable attitudes to computer interviewing. A second objective scale (a ‘semantic differential scale’) was also administered, and patients were invited to describe their experience of the computer assessment in their own words. Patients were finally asked to state outright whether they had preferred the doctor or the computer. Patient acceptability was found to be high, with over 85% of the sample having favorable attitudes towards the computer.     

Doctor–patient relationship strength’s impact in an online healthcare community

ABSTRACT

Doctor–patient (D–P) interaction currently faces a set of challenges owing to a dearth in medical resources and related communication reasons. Healthcare information technology and associated systems, such as those supporting online healthcare communities (OHCs) that provide new platforms for information exchange and online communication, are expected to alter traditional D–P relationship models. Despite significant results from extant research indicating patient benefits, empirical research on OHC returns for physicians is lacking. This exploratory study examines the strength of the D–P relationship and its impacts on physicians’ individual outcomes in an OHC. Guided by the social capital and social ties theories, and using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to study 339,010 instances of doctor–patient communication from 1430 physicians at The Good Doctor (www.Haodf.com), which is one of the largest Chinese OHCs, we found that weak ties can result in economic and social returns for doctors. However, further analysis has indicated that strong ties mediate the effect of weak ties, thus encouraging doctors to convert weak ties into strong ties by mobilizing their website settings to strengthen their relationships and, subsequently, to be better rewarded. Implications for research and practice on the development of healthcare information technology and associated systems are discussed.     

An efficient privacy-preserving solution for finding the nearest doctor

In this work, we define the Nearest Doctor Problem for finding the nearest doctor in case of an emergency and present a privacy-preserving protocol for solving it. The solution is based on cryptographic primitives and makes use of the current location of each participating doctor. The protocol is efficient and protects the privacy of the doctors’ locations. A prototype implementing the proposed solution for a community of doctors that use mobile devices to obtain their current location is presented. The prototype is evaluated on experimental communities with up to several hundred doctor agents.     

From imagining to image: An examination of visual realisation of 3D forms

Abstract

Representation of ideas so that others may understand them is vital, and particularly so in the early stages of the design process; designers use many different techniques to make these representations.

Recent work at the Visualisation and Information Design Centre (VIDe) at the Coventry School of Art and Design has concentrated on supporting styling design. The previously‐developed technique of mapping 2D images over 3D computer models of vehicles has been extended: now, 2D facial photographs are mapped onto generic 3D head‐models to enhance a new technique for spectacle design. A summary of work in progress for computer assisted spectacle design, and for rapid car styling, is described here, along with details for improvements in sketch modelling, including texture mapping.

Photographs and reference CAD models are used in an attempt to verify the basic process; also ‘depth mapping’, ‘lines in space’ and other rapid modelling methods are discussed. Three different strategies for rapid computer modelling of cars are described and evaluated to ascertain if they may replace or enhance standard methods.     

The OPIT system II. Job control and scheduling for large applications programs

A strategy is described for a controlling algorithm (‘the job’) to schedule and supply many data sets (‘problems’) to a large, long-running applications program. The algorithm also controls very closely the run time environment of each problem and provides protection against breakdown of the computer or its operating system. The principles described are applicable on any computer with a sufficiently flexible operating system. The particular example used here is the running of the OPIT Program (see paper I page 123) on an ICL 1900 Computer with the GEORGE 3 operating system.     

A contingency model of computer and Internet self-efficacy

Information system researchers have recently devoted considerable attention to the concept of computer self-efficacy in order to understand computer user behavior and system use. This article reports on the development and examination of a contingency model of computer and Internet self-efficacy. User attitude and computer anxiety were assumed to influence the development of computer and Internet self-efficacy. Measures of user attitude, computer anxiety, computer self-efficacy, and Internet self-efficacy were used in a university environment to collect 347 responses at both the beginning and end of an introductory computer course. Results suggested that training significantly improved computer and Internet self-efficacy. Respondents with ‘favorable’ attitudes toward computers improved their self-efficacy significantly more than respondents with ‘unfavorable’ attitudes. Respondents with ‘low’ computer anxiety improved their self-efficacy significantly more than respondents with ‘high’ computer anxiety. The interaction effect between attitude and anxiety was significant for computer self-efficacy scores but not for Internet self-efficacy scores. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Systems scenarios: a tool for facilitating the socio-technical design of work systems

Abstract

The socio-technical systems approach to design is well documented. Recognising the benefits of this approach, organisations are increasingly trying to work with systems, rather than their component parts. However, few tools attempt to analyse the complexity inherent in such systems, in ways that generate useful, practical outputs. In this paper, we outline the ‘System Scenarios Tool’ (SST), which is a novel, applied methodology that can be used by designers, end-users, consultants or researchers to help design or re-design work systems. The paper introduces the SST using examples of its application, and describes the potential benefits of its use, before reflecting on its limitations. Finally, we discuss potential opportunities for the tool, and describe sets of circumstances in which it might be used.

Practitioner Summary: The paper presents a novel, applied methodological tool, named the ‘Systems Scenarios Tool’. We believe this tool can be used as a point of reference by designers, end-users, consultants or researchers, to help design or re-design work systems. Included in the paper are two worked examples, demonstrating the tool’s application.     

基于人工智能的患者智能问诊服务应用平台

目的:通过建设智能问诊服务平台,快速定位适应症患者,减轻医院线下诊疗压力、提高医护工作效率、提升患者就医的获得感。方法:通过利用机器学习、自然语言处理、知识图谱等人工智能技术,利用学习提供的权威临床疾病资料,构建专业临床知识库,促进研制推理逻辑算法,开发了线上患者智能问诊系统。结果:通过智能问诊平台的应用,实现了线上线下相结合的就医新模式、打破了患者与医护沟通的壁垒、实现了指尖就医减少了患者不必要的就医成本。结论:智能问诊平台的应用,用智慧化解"看病烦"与"就医繁"、跨时空均衡配置医疗资源。     

Systems of representation: a pedagogical model for design education in the information age

Abstract

The course SDR: Sistemas de Representación(Systems of Representation), is the last stage of a line of work which has the objective of integrating information technologies in the education of architecture in a meaningful way. A distinctive mark of this pedagogic approach has been to look upon computer technology as an opportunity to rethink the methods, contents and goals of architecturaleducation,in thelight of contemporary culture.

The course is structured in six themes, each one standing for a ‘system of representation’: ‘text’, ‘figure’, ‘object’, ‘image’, ‘space’ and ‘light’. Within every system, a variety of issues dealing with the concept of ‘representation’ are addressed in an interdisciplinary manner. It is a compulsory course lasting three semesters, in the second and third year of a five-year architectural program. It has been offered since the academic year 1999/2000.     

The answer is in the question: a protocol study of intelligent help

Abstract

Thirty advisory interactions between computer system ‘help desk’ consultants and their clients were transcribed and analysed as part of a project to determine the behavioural requirements for intelligent on-line help facilities. An interesting property of these interactions is that the advice was frequently modified in response to verification requests: questions (often syntactically implicit) which contain presuppositional statements that are partial answers to the asserted query. Designs for intelligent help facilities might exploit this finding by supporting the verification strategy and attempting to extract and use the presupposed statements in these questions to generate advice.     

The development of a specification language for a computer security system

The primary goal of this paper is to define an initial step towards the definition of ‘systems grammar’ based on the notion of formal languages which can be used as a ‘tool’ in the formal representation of computer security systems. Currently all modelling done on computer security systems is written up as mathematical models. These mathematical models are usually based on the mathematics of relations amongst objects, as opposed to the model described in this paper which is based on the theory of formal languages. This paper is aimed at people who are doing research on the logical aspects of computer security. It is the first of a series of two papers. This paper will give interim results and make more specific the definition of a ‘formal language’ which suits the computer security environment. The second paper will illustrate the actual use of the defined ‘formal language’ and show how to represent the characteristics of a computer security environment by using this ‘formal language’.     

Evaluation of user interfaces: EVADIS II— a comprehensive evaluation approach

Abstract

As a result of the importance of the usability approach in system development and the EC's ‘Directive concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for VDT workers’ (EWG 1990), there is an accepted need for practical evaluation methods for user interfaces. The usability approach and the EC Directive are not restricted to user interface design, as they include the design of appropriate hardware and software, as well as organization, job, and task design. Therefore system designers are faced with many, often conflicting, requirements and need to address the question, ‘How can usability requirements comprehensively be considered and evaluated in system development?’ Customers buying hardware and software and introducing them into their organization ask, (How can I select easy-to-use hardware and software?’ Both designers and customers need an evaluation procedure that covers all the organizational, user, hard- and software requirements. The evaluation method, EVADIS.II, we present in this paper overcomes characteristic deficiencies of previous evaluation methods. In particular, it takes the tasks, the user, and the organizational context into consideration during the evaluation process, and provides computer support for the use of the evaluation procedure.     

Designing for users: implications for manufacturers and employers

Abstract

Ergonomic design of computer workstations requires an understanding of user needs by manufacturers and employers. Manufacturers must develop equipment allowing users to maximize their efficiency while minimizing stress. Employers must arrange proper workstation configurations. The ‘best’ design can fail if it is not appropriate for the task or the specific population of users. At one company requesting an evaluation of its adjustable computer workstations, employer and manufacturer failed to address simple user requirements. Job analyses were not adequately performed, and test procedures comparing workstations were probably biased. Casually questioning workers revealed little preference for these newer workstations compared with their older, more traditional, workstations. Recommendations for this company stressed task requirements, likely future changes in task demands and user needs. Emphasis on single factors, such as the universal use of adjustable desks, was substituted for a more coherent picture of the entire job and its requirements.     

Serious gaming as a means of facilitating truly smart cities: a narrative review

ABSTRACT

The term ‘smart cities’ is contested: its interpretation is becoming ever broader, often to accommodate commercial interests. Since cities are made up of individuals, all of whom are guided by their own world views and attitudes, the residual question is not ‘what should we do?’ but ‘how should we do it and how should we encourage and enable everyone to join in?’ By exploring the ways that gamification can be used to understand the effects of ‘smart initiatives’ on cities and their operation, it was concluded that gaming has considerable potential to affect individual and societal practices by profoundly influencing the gamers themselves, while technology and the game design itself play a central role to how gamification is implemented and used. This paper proposes one way of both creating cities to which citizens aspire and delivering a beneficial change in attitudes and behaviours to make such cities work. We propose that way-finding games should be developed as the most appropriate tools for participation. Designing such serious games with sustainability, resilience and liveability agendas in mind, encouraging widespread citizen participation as gamers, and taking cognisance of the outcomes would lead to both smarter citizens and smarter cities.