细长圆柱体涡激振动行波动力学特征的实验研究

通过实验研究给出了细长圆柱体涡激振动行波的动力学特征.实验是在拖曳水池中进行.为了能在拖曳水池宽度有限的情况下出现行波,采用实验模型为0.006m直径、3.31m长度的铝管,模型长径比超过了500.拖车拖动模型以最高1.5m/s的速度在水槽中行进.模型一端采用2.5kg的砝码来提供端部张力.给出了评估行波在整个振动波中所占比例的方法.该方法采用行波圆来拟合模型空间振幅的分布.实验结果显示,在给定的拖车速度范围内,出现了行波振动,并且当拖曳速度达到0.9m/s时,行波现象非常显著.实验结果给出了振动波随拖曳速度变化的规律,得到了行波比随流速的变化规律.实验中观察到了低阶模态下的行波传播,这超出了已有行波判据限定的范围.通过实验数据的观察和理论分析,给出一种新的行波产生方式.     

热环境中超临界黏弹性输流管道自由振动分析

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁模型,本文研究了热环境中输流管道在超临界范围内流固耦合自由振动特性.考虑温度增量以及初始轴向拉力作用,在两端简支边界条件下,利用广义Hamilton原理建立输流管道横向振动偏微分-积分控制方程.通过解析方法得到输流管道非平凡静平衡位形及临界流速精确表达式,与微分求积单元法(DQEM)数值结果吻合较好.基于复模态法、结合伽辽金(Galerkin)法离散系统偏微分-积分控制方程,得到热环境下超临界输流管道的模态函数和固有频率.结果表明,温度增量越大,临界流速越小,此时的管道越容易屈曲,但相同流速下超临界管道固有频率越大;初始拉力越大,临界流速越大,相同流速下超临界固有频率越小.该研究可以为热环境中超临界状态下的管道系统振动设计提供理论指导.     

轴向冲击下波纹腹板梁的失稳控制和能量吸收

针对Sine波纹腹板梁结构,通过设计其初始振幅缺陷,控制不同波形阶数下波纹梁的失稳模态,引导上下翼板按预期渐进、稳定、可重复的压溃变形模式发展.采用Abaqus/Explicit中的显式动力学方法数值模拟初始振幅缺陷与比吸能(Specific Energy Absorption,SEA)的关系.通过对比低阶、中阶和高阶波形的载荷-位移曲线说明波形阶数对吸能特性和失稳控制的影响.结果表明:对于给定的波形阶数,存在初始振幅缺陷的临界值使Sine波纹腹板梁结构达到预期的临界失稳状态,同时SEA最大;初始振幅缺陷越大,失稳控制越容易,但吸能效果随之降低.     

刀具-夹具内阻尼对铣削刀具系统稳定性影响的研究

针对铣削刀具系统颤振及振动不稳定的问题,建立了考虑内阻尼影响的刀具-夹具系统动力学模型。基于动力学模型的特征方程,推导了内阻尼矩阵与内外阻尼比之间的关系。根据特征值实部分析法,得出内阻尼对系统稳定性的影响和刀具-夹具之间不同涂层材料和转速对系统内阻尼的影响。仿真分析、随机响应和模态分析表明,内阻尼越大,对系统的振动越具有抑制作用;材料阻尼比越大,系统越稳定;内阻尼与自身材料阻尼比都与振型有关。     

分析两端扭转弹簧约束下简支输流管道的动力特性

研究了两端受扭转弹簧约束的简支输流管道的固有频率特性和静态失稳临界流速.根据梁模型横向弯曲振动模态函数,由端部支承和约束边界条件得到了其模态函数的一般表达式.根据动力方程的特征方程,具体分析了约束弹性刚度、流体压强、流速和管截面轴向力等参数对管道固有频率特性和静态失稳临界流速的影响.数值分析表明,约束弹性刚度的增大使管道的固有频率和失稳临界流速明显提高;流体流速、压强和管截面受到的轴向压力的增加使管道的固有频率和失稳临界流速降低.当管道的固有频率和失稳临界流速较低时,可以通过增加端部约束的方法来提高.     

货物摆动时横向补给系统高架索的面内振动

考虑了高架索的倾斜角、货物悬挂点张力周期波动等因素的影响,建立了海上横向干货补给高架索系统面内振动的 3 自由度动力学模型. 对模型进行 1 阶 Galerkin 模态截断,对离散后的动力学模型惯性项解耦,得到了高架索面内振动的 3 自由度常微分形式的非线动力学模型. 借助 Mathematica 程序,对系统进行数值分析,研究表明货物摆动会引起高架索和货物大幅横向的振动.     

一般阻尼动力系统非奇异摄动法

借助矩阵摄动理论,将模态叠加法运用于一般阻尼矩阵的动力学方程求解结构的动响应是一种较为理想的方法.但当系统的外荷载激振频率接近于系统的固有频率时,直接将阻尼矩阵作为摄动矩阵,会使解产生奇异,并导致求解失败或误差过大,这是因为模态坐标下的动力学方程是无阻尼方程.为了解决这一问题,本文考虑在模态坐标的动力学方程中保留一定的阻尼.即将阻尼做分解,代入振动方程,得到不同阶次摄动方程,再将摄动方程变换到模态坐标,即采用非奇异摄动方法.最后通过数值算例,得到一阶、二阶摄动,将其与精确解进行比较.精度明显得到改善,基本趋于精确解.从而验证了本方法的精确性和有效性.     

弹支-刚性转子系统过共振瞬态响应特性研究

针对结合弹支-刚性转子系统的动力学特点,利用Lagrange能量法建立了考虑变速特性的转子系统瞬态响应动力学方程,模型中区别考虑了非旋转阻尼和旋转阻尼的影响.采用精细积分算法计算获得过临界区的转子瞬态响应特性,进一步对比分析了角加速度和阻尼特性对转子系统瞬态振动响应幅频特性和相频特性的影响规律.研究结果表明：变转速引起系统的刚度矩阵变化并产生附件的激励力;瞬态过共振响应幅值明显小于稳态响应幅值,且过共振越快速、阻尼越大时系统瞬态振动响应幅值越小.针对过瞬态相频特性,在临界转速附近出现一个新的相位角(加速过共振小于90°),此相位不受角加速度值和旋转阻尼比的影响,但随着非旋转阻尼比的增大呈增大趋势.     

盘球立管结构抑制涡激振动的数值分析方法研究

海洋平台立管因环境载荷作用而引起的涡激振动是影响其结构安全的关键因素之一。文章研究了抑制海洋立管涡激振动的方法,结合被动控制法,利用突出立管表面设计,提出并设计了一种盘球立管结构。数值模拟方法的计算结果表明,此种结构可扰乱立管附近流场,破环漩涡的形成,有效抑制立管结构涡激振动,具有较强的实际应用价值。     

1:1内共振环形桁架天线的稳定性分析

复杂的太空环境易导致环形桁架天线产生大幅非线性振动,严重影响天线的稳定性和结构性能.在大幅的非线性振动中不同模态之间的能量可以相互传递和转换,将引起天线产生内振动.因此内共振在天线的大幅振动中起着重要的作用.本文所研究的环形桁架天线被简化成等效圆柱壳模型,建立其非线性动力学方程.根据有限元模态分析,得出环形桁架天线第四阶模态和第五阶模态的振动频率接近1:1.所以本文利用理论分析和数值计算研究1:1内共振情形下环形桁架天线的局部动力学性质.即系统受到小扰动后平衡点的稳定性.详细研究了两种不同形式下的平衡点的稳定性,即系统特征根为双零和两个负数时的稳定性以及系统特征根为双零和一对纯虚复数时的稳定性.利用中心流形理论、非线性变换、Routh-Hurwitz判据得到平衡点的稳定区域、不稳定区域和临界分岔曲线.最后通过数值模拟验证理论分析.     

煤矿井下电缆单相接地故障测距

矿井配电网为单端供电系统,其中性点不接地或通过消弧线圈接地,当出现单相接地故障时,由于故障电流微弱,故障点位置很难查找。针对该问题,提出了一种基于零模和线模行波波速差的单端行波故障测距法,详细分析了行波测距理论,阐述了线模波速与零模波速的测量方法。在理想情况和故障点存在过渡电阻情况下的仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

Computation of vortex-induced vibrations of long structures using a wake oscillator model: Comparison with DNS and experiments

We consider here the dynamics of flexible slender systems undergoing vortex-induced vibration (VIV). This type of motion results from the coupling between the oscillating wake due to cross-flow and the structure motion. Practical applications are mainly found in the field of ocean engineering, where long flexible structures such as risers or mooring cables are excited by sea currents. The wake dynamics is here represented using a distributed wake oscillator coupled to the dynamics of the slender structure, a cable or a tensioned beam. This results in two coupled partial differential equations with one variable for the solid displacement and one for the wake fluctuating lift. This simplified model of the wake dynamics has been previously validated on simple experiments. Here, comparisons with direct numerical simulation results are done for both uniform and non-uniform flow. Comparison is also performed between the wake oscillator predictions and some experimental results on long cables. The results of those comparisons show that the proposed method can be used as simple computational tool in the prediction of some aspects of vortex induced vibrations of long flexible structures.     

基于CEEMD和TEO的电力电缆故障测距方法研究

针对传统希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)中经验模态分解(EMD)在分解过程中存在模态混叠现象,将补充总体平均模态分解(CEEMD)与Teager能量算子相结合.提出一种基于CEEMD和TEO的电力电缆故障行波测距方法,通过CEEMD分解得到故障行波信号的固有模态分量(IMF),采用Teager能量算子得到瞬时能量谱,得到故障初始行波到达检测点时刻.PSCAD/EMTDC仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性,测距精度高.     

微结构固体中孤立波的动力稳定性

描述微结构固体中波传播的一种KdV类方程作为控制方程并利用积分因子方法,对微结构固体中传播孤立波的动力学稳定性进行了数值模拟研究.主要以高斯波、Ricker子波以及双曲正割波扰动作为初始扰动,考察了不同小扰动下孤立波能否较长时间保持波形结构和传播速度而稳定传播问题.结果表明,不同的小扰动对孤立波的影响不同,孤立波的稳定传播与扰动幅度和宽度都有关系,只有受到幅度和宽度都非常小的扰动下在弱微尺度非线性效应的微结构固体中传播的孤立波才能显现出一定程度的抗干扰性和动力学稳定性,能够在微结构固体中较长时间稳定传播.     

Identification of hydrodynamic coefficients from experiment of vortex-induced vibration of slender riser model

One of the challenges in predicting the dynamic response of deepwater risers under vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is that it runs short of believable fluid loading model. Moreover, the hydrodynamic loading is also difficult to be measured directly in the VIV experiments without disturbing the fluid field. In the present work, by means of a finite element analysis method based on the experimental data of the response displacements, the total instantaneous distributions of hydrodynamic forces together with th...     

Thermoelastic coupling effect analysis for gyroscope resonator from longitudinal and flexural vibrations

The paper illustrates thermoelastic modeling, analysis and simulation solutions of gyroscope resonator from the longitudinal and transverse vibration modes. In the study, the sensitive components of gyroscope are the cantilever beams within the drive mode and the detection mode. Then, the effect of thermoelastic coupling, coupling strength on gyroscope performance is analyzed by two different numerical calculation methods, and the results are validated by FEM simulation solutions. The corresponding parameters which are analyzed in the study for thermoelatic coupling are temperature, thermoelastic damping (TED) and frequency shift ratio. It is found that the thermoelastic damping has the order of 10^?4 at both transverse and longitudinal vibrations. And the shift frequency sharply increased and then gradually approaches the horizontal line at the longitudinal and flexural vibrations. Then the comparison of thermoelastic damping is studied at two vibration modes. Compared with longitudinal vibration, the thermoelastic damping for flexural vibration has a similar pattern, while the former’s peak value is twice lower than that of the latter.     

基于非线性能量阱的深海柔性张力腿的振动抑制

本文研究了基于非线性能量阱的深海柔性张力腿的振动抑制问题.考虑端部参数激励和非线性能量阱(NES)作用下的张力腿力学模型,采用哈密顿变分原理推导出非线性振动控制的运动微分方程,利用伽辽金法进行离散化.通过参数分析和数值仿真计算,得到柔性张力腿的横向位移模态振动响应,同时还对比分析了NES与调谐质量阻尼器的减振性能.结果表明,相同情况下NES具有更为显著的减振效果,并且可以通过调整NES吸振器的参数,达到最优振动控制效果.     

Simulation of ship wakes image by an along-track interferometric SAR

A mathematical model that allows simulations of the image of waves in ship wakes by either regular or interferometric airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR or INSAR) is described. The three-component velocity field induced at the ocean surface by a moving ship serves as the input to the model. The simulations take into account the effect of temporal variations of the wave field in the wake on the INSAR imaging by the velocity bunching mechanism. The model also accounts for the scanning distortion of the image. The developed algorithm allows study of the visibility of the ship wave wake by a regular SAR or by INSAR for arbitrary imaging parameters, as well as for different ship sizes and ship velocity vectors relative to the platform flight track. Various patterns of ship wake images obtained by numerical simulations are presented.     

Finite element analysis of static and dynamic stresses around suddenly punched holes in plates and shells

The magnitude and distribution of stresses around suddenly punched holes in initially stressed plates and shells is of interest to insure that cracks will not precipitate from stress concentration. This problem is of practical interest to pressure vessel designers to preclude catastrophic failure when holes are punched in vessels to release gas. This paper presents a finite element analysis of several problems investigating static and dynamic stress fields around suddenly punched circular holes.

The first problem deals with the investigation of the radial and tangential stress fields in the vicinity of a suddenly punched hole in a stretched, elastic, isotropic plate subjected to an initial hydrostatic stress field. The wave propagation from a punched hole in the plate under a hydrostatic state of stress was solved analytically, using transform techniques, by Miklowitz; the finite element analysis of this problem presented in this paper confirms the analytical solution. Two grid meshes were investigated and results are presented to show the effect of grid mesh on solution accuracy and the power of finite element techniques for solving stress unloading problems. A formula for determining integration step size is found to be a function of the minimum element length and the wave propagation velocity. A similar investigation into the stress effects around a suddenly punched hole in the plate subjected to an initial uniaxial state of stress was also carried out as a prerequisite for the final problem studied.

The last problem is an anisotropic composite shell of varying thickness under an initial stress field due to internal pressure. The static and dynamic stress fields are computed from an unloading wave that radiates outward from a reinforced circular hole that is cut in the shell in 20 μs. A finite-element model of the shell is developed using quadrilateral and triangular plate elements and both in-plane and bending stiffness is included in the analysis as is nonlinear differential stiffening incorporated into the analysis as a single step approximation. Both bending and in-plane waves radiate outward from the cut hole and the dynamic stresses around the hole edge are computed for both unloading waves. The effects of the unloading waves are temporally spaced due to different wave velocities.

The paper demonstrates that fast response stress problems are readily amenable to finite-element analysis. For holes other than circular, the power of finite-element methods is apparent since these shapes lead to mathematically intractable problems if closed form solutions are attempted.