谱段交织预测的多光谱图像可逆信息隐藏算法

针对现有可逆信息隐藏算法嵌入容量不高并且不适合多光谱图像的问题,提出一种基于谱段交织预测的多光谱图像可逆信息隐藏算法.利用含秘图像像素值与原始图像像素值相差不大于1的特点,结合含秘谱段对多光谱图像进行多波段预测,通过预测误差直方图移位技术嵌入秘密信息.Landsat卫星和Terra卫星多光谱图像仿真结果表明,提出的算法和典型可逆信息隐藏算法相比具有更好的视觉质量和隐藏容量.     

基于中值预测的四轮嵌入可逆信息隐藏算法

传统基于预测误差直方图平移的可逆信息隐藏算法大多通过固定顺序来扫描原始图像,从而进行数据嵌入,这种方式没有考虑图像本身的纹理信息,导致无效移位像素点较多,伪装图像视觉质量较差。为解决该问题,提出一种基于中值预测的四轮嵌入可逆信息隐藏算法,以在提高嵌入容量的同时降低伪装图像的失真率。利用相邻像素之间具有较强相关性的特点,在较小的误差值处聚集大量像素点,以得到更陡峭的预测误差直方图并提高嵌入容量。对每个像素点定义复杂度,根据复杂度的高低对预测误差进行排序,优先在图像平滑区域嵌入数据,从而有效减少无效移位像素点个数,降低伪装图像的失真率。实验结果表明,该算法的最大嵌入率可以达到0.3 bpp,在0.1 bpp的嵌入率下峰值信噪比高达55.15 dB,与非对称直方图算法、误差直方图移位算法等相比,其具有较高的嵌入容量和较小的视觉失真率。     

基于差值直方图的简单高效可逆信息隐藏方法

提出一种基于图像相邻像素差值直方图的可逆信息隐藏方法,运用该方法同时提高了信息嵌入容量和嵌入信息后的图像质量。首先对原始图像进行分块、扫描并求取差值直方图,然后在分块图像的差值直方图中选取最高的两个峰值点并向两个方向移位来产生空缺用于信息嵌入。算法充分利用了自然图像的相邻相似特性,同时提高了基于直方图的信息隐藏方案的峰值点数目和峰值点高度,从而大大提高信息嵌入容量。此外,算法在信息嵌入前对待嵌入信息的预处理使得在嵌入同样容量的信息时,对载体图像的影响更小,具有更好的嵌入后图像质量。     

基于预测误差双重编码的大容量密文域可逆信息隐藏算法

针对目前密文域可逆信息隐藏算法嵌入容量较小的问题,提出了基于预测误差双重编码的大容量密文域可逆可分离信息隐藏算法。首先为了预留秘密信息的嵌入空间,图像拥有者利用基于预测误差的哈夫曼编码及扩展游程编码对图像进行预处理,然后加密图像;数据嵌入者在加密后的图像中嵌入秘密信息;接收者根据信息隐藏密钥可以准确无误地提取秘密信息,根据解密密钥可以无损恢复图像,两者无顺序要求。实验结果表明,预测误差双重编码的应用有效地提高了嵌入容量。     

基于直方图平移的多遍与多比特嵌入性能比较

为了提高基于直方图平移可逆数字水印算法的一遍嵌入容量,有些研究者提出了基于多比特嵌入策略的可逆水印算法,但这些算法未与已存在的单比特多遍嵌入算法进行性能比较。分析了影响基于直方图平移可逆水印算法图像质量的原因,并对多遍单比特和一遍多比特嵌入可逆水印算法的性能进行了理论比较,指出在嵌入容量相同的条件下,多遍单比特嵌入的图像质量明显优于一遍多比特嵌入算法。对大量的标准测试图像进行仿真实验,证明了理论分析的正确性, 为设计基于直方图平移的可逆水印算法提供了参考依据。     

基于预测误差修改的医学图像数据隐藏方法

针对医学图像可逆数据隐藏高保真、高容量、高频繁地插入和可逆性等特点,提出了一种基于预测误差修改的可逆数据隐藏算法,不需要对图像进行分块处理,利用加权线性预测得到预测图像,在预测误差直方图中采用4峰值点进行隐秘数据嵌入,较好地解决了医学图像中出现得较多的溢出问题,并在保证图像质量的同时增加了嵌入容量。理论分析和实验结果证明了算法的优越性。     

基于混沌系统的图像可逆信息隐藏算法

为了提高图像可逆信息隐藏算法的安全性、透明性、嵌入容量,提出了一种基于混沌系统的图像可逆信息隐藏算法.该隐藏算法通过将载体图像直方图峰值点与其两侧多个连续零值点之间建立关系的方式,实现在载体图像的单个峰值点嵌入多个秘密信息位,以保证较高的透明性和较大的嵌入容量.为了保证嵌入载体图像内的秘密信息的安全性,采用混沌系统对秘...     

基于像素值排序的可逆信息隐藏算法

针对嵌入秘密后灰度图失真明显的问题,提出一种基于像素值排序（PVO）的可逆信息隐藏算法。首先,将像素分成灰、白两层,选择灰层的像素作为目标像素,对目标像素十字交叉位置上的4个白色像素进行排序;然后根据排序结果计算两端两个像素的均值和中间两个像素的均值,利用可逆约束实现像素的动态预测;最后,根据预测结果构造预测误差直方图（PEH）,使用环形复杂度实现秘密数据的自适应嵌入,并用同样的方法处理白色层像素。利用USC-SIPI标准图像库中6幅图像进行仿真实验,当嵌入容量（EC）为10000 b,平均峰值信噪比（PSNR）为61.89 dB时,该算法能有效减小携密图像的失真。     

基于图像插值和直方图平移的可逆水印算法

现有的基于直方图的可逆水印算法嵌入容量较少,针对这一问题,结合图像放大后像素点的特征,提出一种新的可逆水印算法。利用插值方法将图像放大4倍,既增加了图像的像素个数,又增强了像素之间的相关性;使用上下左右4个像素点计算像素点的预测误差值,并构造直方图,在峰值点处嵌入水印信息;利用相反的过程提取水印,并根据插值原理恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,将图像放大后再嵌入,可嵌入水印容量提高了3倍。算法不可见性较好、嵌入容量较大,可用于图像隐藏、信息安全等领域。     

基于不同扫描顺序差值的可逆信息隐藏算法

为实现敏感图像的大容量可逆信息隐藏,提出一种基于图像相邻像素差值的大容量无损隐藏算法。通过将图像分块,对每个分块按照不同的扫描顺序计算差值,对差值序列进行比较,选取最优扫描顺序生成的差值直方图。从差值直方图中选取2个最大峰值点,每个峰值点选取最近的多个零值点,在峰值像素点插入多位秘密信息,从而实现图像大容量的可逆信息隐藏。仿真结果表明,该算法能根据不同分块图像的像素分布动态选择最优扫描顺序,且利用双峰值多零点嵌入,在嵌入隐秘信息后的峰值信噪比相差不大的情况下,可大幅提高隐写容量。     

基于邻域预测差值直方图平移的可逆信息隐藏

在基于直方图平移的可逆信息隐藏算法中,应用二叉树算法向接收方传送峰值像素和零值像素对,通过三角向后预测算子和错误能量估计可以提高负载和图像质量。但鉴于三角向后预测算子的预测准确度不高,提出一种基于邻域预测差值直方图平移的可逆信息隐藏算法。采用领域均值预测代替三角向后预测,并对错误能量估计和提取秘密信息算法进行相应的改进。实验结果表明,在常用的7张实验图像中,与双二叉树错误能量估计算法相比,该可逆信息隐藏算法的满负载量平均提高8.7%,在某些相同参数条件下负载提高达到300%,其预测更加准确、负载量更高,并且能有效提高破译难度。     

A local variance-controlled reversible data hiding method using prediction and histogram-shifting

The stego image quality produced by the histogram-shifting based reversible data hiding technique is high; however, it often suffers from lower embedding capacity compared to other types of reversible data hiding techniques. In 2009, Tsai et al. solved this problem by exploiting the similarity of neighboring pixels to construct a histogram of prediction errors; data embedding is done by shifting the error histogram. However, Tsai et al.’s method does not fully exploit the correlation of the neighboring pixels. In this paper, a set of basic pixels is employed to improve the prediction accuracy, thereby increasing the payload. To further improve the image quality, a threshold is used to select only low-variance blocks to join the embedding process. According to the experimental results, the proposed method provides a better or comparable stego image quality than Tsai et al.’s method and other existing reversible data hiding methods under the same payload.     

Multiple predictors hiding scheme using asymmetric histograms

In recent years, many data hiding techniques have been proposed, and they can be generally classified into two types according to the reversibility of the image; these two types are reversible and irreversible data hiding. This study focused on reversible data hiding, which makes recovering the cover image possible after the secret data has been extracted. In 2013, Chen et al. proposed an asymmetric-histogram reversible data hiding method. In their scheme, two prediction error histograms (maximum and minimum error histograms) were used to embed the secret message. Two histograms were shifted in opposite directions. Hence, some stego-pixels were shifted to their original values. The complementary embedding strategy is effective. However, the predictor in the method is rough. Only neighboring pixels were used to generate the prediction errors, thereby resulting in poor prediction efficiency. To enhance the prediction efficiency, this paper combines several well-known predictors such as gradient adjusted gap (GAP), median edge detect, and interpolation by neighboring pixel (INP) to generate prediction errors. Different predictors along with the asymmetric-histogram method can achieve better results. The predictor GAP used more neighboring pixels to obtain the prediction value; therefore, it is suitable for complex images. However, the predictor INP only considers that closer pixels can achieve great results for smooth images. Hence, the proposed scheme combines GAP and asymmetric histogram for complex images. However, the predictor INP along with asymmetric histogram is used for smooth images. Experimental results showed that the PSNR value of the proposed method is greater than that of the asymmetric-histogram shifting method and other recent approaches.     

结合层次结构和直方图平移的无损数据隐藏

针对现有基于差值直方图方法利用原始图像结构关系上的不足,提出了一种基于层次结构和差值直方图平移的无损数据隐藏方法RDH-HSDHS。RDH-HSDHS利用原始图像数据块中像素的差值形成直方图,充分利用图像中相邻像素间的相关性嵌入数据,为了进一步利用数据块中的参考像素进行数据嵌入,将参考像素组成新的图像进行下一层水印嵌入,直到当前层的嵌入容量小于解码所需的附加信息的长度或隐秘图像质量小于给定阈值。实验仿真结果表明,RDH-HSDHS能较好利用原始图像的全局和局部特性,在嵌入容量和隐秘图像质量之间达到较好的折中,在隐秘图像质量超过30 dB的同时,嵌入容量大于0.75 bit/pixel。另外,与相似方法的性能比较证明了提出方法的优势。该方法能有效应用于高质量需求的图像载体中进行信息隐藏。     

基于预测误差差值扩展的彩色图像无损数据隐藏

将Tian差值扩展技术应用于彩色图像中,提出一种利用预测误差差值进行扩展嵌入的彩色图像无损数据隐藏算法。传统的差值扩展和预测误差扩展嵌入技术最大的缺点是过分利用差值造成载体图像质量严重下降。针对这一问题,该方法利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并将差值扩展量分散到两个色彩分量中,同时,对差值直方图平移技术进行改进,使得同等嵌入率下图像质量达到最佳。实验结果表明,与其他算法相比,本算法在嵌入率和图像质量方面都有明显提高。     

Reversible data hiding for high quality images exploiting interpolation and direction order mechanism

Reversible data hiding can restore the original image from the stego image without any distortion after the embedded secret message is exactly extracted. In this paper, a novel, reversible, data hiding scheme for high quality images is proposed in spatial domain. To increase embedding capacity and enhance image quality, the proposed scheme classifies all pixels as wall pixels and non-wall pixels. For wall pixel, the interpolation error is used to embed secret data over the interpolation prediction method. In contrast, the difference value between the non-wall pixel and its parent pixel, which is defined by the direction order, is computed to hide secret data based on the histogram shifting. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme provides a larger payload and a better image quality than some existing schemes. Moreover, the performance of the proposed scheme is more stable for different images.     

无定位图的预测误差差值扩展可逆数据隐藏*

将Tian差值扩展技术应用于彩色图像中,提出一种利用预测误差差值进行扩展嵌入的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。针对传统差值扩展技术存在过分修改像素灰度值、须嵌入定位图等缺点,首先利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并将差值扩展量分散到两个色彩分量中;其次,对直方图平移技术进行改进,使得同等嵌入率下图像质量达到最佳;最后由两个色彩分量中像素的预测值之和决定可用于扩展嵌入的像素,无须保存溢出定位图,提取端在提取信息时可无损地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,与其他算法相比,该算法在同等嵌入率下可取得更好的图像质量,算法复杂度     

Subjectively adapted high capacity lossless image data hiding based on prediction errors

This article reports on a lossless data hiding scheme for digital images where the data hiding capacity is either determined by minimum acceptable subjective quality or by the demanded capacity. In the proposed method data is hidden within the image prediction errors, where the most well-known prediction algorithms such as the median edge detector (MED), gradient adjacent prediction (GAP) and Jiang prediction are tested for this purpose. In this method, first the histogram of the prediction errors of images are computed and then based on the required capacity or desired image quality, the prediction error values of frequencies larger than this capacity are shifted. The empty space created by such a shift is used for embedding the data. Experimental results show distinct superiority of the image prediction error histogram over the conventional image histogram itself, due to much narrower spectrum of the former over the latter. We have also devised an adaptive method for hiding data, where subjective quality is traded for data hiding capacity. Here the positive and negative error values are chosen such that the sum of their frequencies on the histogram is just above the given capacity or above a certain quality.