基于多蚁群的并行ACO算法

通过改变蚁群优化(ACO)算法行为,提出一种新的ACO并行化策略——并行多蚁群ACO算法。针对蚁群算法存在停滞现象的缺点,改进选择策略,实现具有自适应并行机制的选择和搜索策略,以加强其全局搜索能力。并行处理采用数据并行的手段,能减少处理器间的通信时间并获得更好的解。以对称TSP测试集为对象进行比较实验,结果表明,该算法相对于串行算法及现有的并行算法具有一定的优势。     

改进蚁群算法及其仿真研究

在基本蚁群算法在基于蚁群系统(ACS)的基础上进行了改进,提出了一种新的局部更新策略,使得局部更新更有效更强健,同时采用动态的α值和信息素自适应调整策略,扩大了可行解的范围,有效抑制收敛过程中的停滞现象,提高了蚁群算法的求解性能.通过对多种旅行商问题(asp)的仿真实验,并分别与ACS和最大最小蚁群算法(MMAS)进行了比较,结果表明,该算法在性能上远优于ACS和MMAS.     

改进的蚁群算法求解带时间窗的车辆路径问题

设计了一种改进的蚁群算法,将蚁群系统(ACS)与最大最小蚂蚁系统(MMAS)相结合,在状态转移规则中引入时间窗跨度与服务等待时间因素,并在算法的不同阶段采用不同的信息素蒸发策略以防止算法陷入局部最优.使用路径内2-opt优化方法以及路径间2-opt*优化方法对每次迭代过程所得到的最优解进行局部优化.通过对相关文献实验数据的测试结果表明,该算法在求解效果及运算效率上优于遗传算法与禁忌搜索算法.     

有限级信息素蚁群算法

提出一种新的蚁群算法，将信息素分成有限个级别，通过级别的更新实现对信息素的更新，并且信息素的更新量独立于目标函数值. 文中采用有限马氏链的理论证明算法可以线性地收敛到全局最优解. 针对TSP问题，通过与MMAS和ACS等蚁群算法的数值实验结果进行比较，表明所提出的算法是有效的、鲁棒的.     

粒子群位置转移和最近邻居选择的多线程蚁群算法

本文提出了一种多线程的高速收敛蚁群算法,该算法在MMAS基础上,采用多线程来实现其蚁群算法并行机制以减少寻路时间,同时结合粒子群算法中粒子位置转移的机制,采用一种新颖的最近邻居选择策略、并进行动态信息素更新策略,以保证在每次搜索中,都能迅速向较优解靠拢.同时,还采取了一种局部变异策略,以对每次搜索的结果进行优化.     

基于MapReduce改进蚁群算法的Web服务组合优化

对于Web服务组合优化的问题,蚁群算法的求解主要是串行进行,收敛时间长,容易收敛于非最优解。在云计算环境中,将蚁群算法并行化,可对Web服务组合优化问题进行分布式并行求解。根据多目标优化模型给出基于多信息素的蚁群算法,使用MapReduce并行编程框架对蚁群算法中最耗时的部分——蚂蚁独立求解的过程并行化,给出了使用MapReduce改进的基于多信息素的蚁群优化算法,有效地对Web服务组合进行全局优化,弥补传统的蚁群算法求解过程的缺点。     

全局自适应蚁群优化算法

为解决蚁群算法存在的收敛速度慢和容易陷入局部最优等缺点,分析了其产生的主要原因,介绍了AS和MMAS算法的工作原理,并基于参数自适应思想,提出了全局自适应蚁群优化算法(GAO).对状态转移和信息素更新等规则做出改进,详尽给出了GAO的编程步骤.针对TSP问题,通过与AS和MMAS算法的数值实验结果比较分析,表明GAO算法具有优良的全局优化能力和适当的收敛时间.     

基于云模型的模糊自适应蚁群算法研究

针对蚁群算法存在控制参数难以确定和易陷入停滞等不足,采用云模型理论对蚁群算法进行改进,将云模型作为模糊隶属函数,选择部分较优路径进行全局信息素更新,从而提高算法对路径的开发和探索,同时通过对云隶属函数的参数控制,实现算法的自适应调整策略。针对TSP问题进行仿真实验对比,结果也表明基于云模型的蚁群算法要明显优于ACS和MMAS算法。     

初始信息素筛选的蚁群优化算法在HDFS副本选择中的研究

随着社会信息化程度的不断提高,各种形式的数据急剧膨胀.HDFS成为解决海量数据存储问题的一个分布式文件系统,而副本技术是云存储系统的关键.提出了一种基于初始信息素筛选的蚁群优化算法(InitPh_ACO)的副本选择策略,通过将遗传算法(GA)与蚁群优化算法(ACO)算法相结合,将它们进行动态衔接.提出基于初始信息素筛选的ACO算法,既克服了ACO算法初始搜索速度慢,又充分利用GA的快速随机全局搜索能力.利用云计算仿真工具CloudSim来验证此策略的效果,结果表明:InitPh_ACO策略在作业执行时间、副本读取响应时间和副本负载均衡性三个方面的性能均优于基于ACO算法的副本选择策略和基于GA的副本选择策略.     

基于All-In-Roulette选择算法的GPU并行加速蚁群优化算法

蚁群优化算法应用于复杂问题的求解是非常耗时的。文章在MATLAB环境下实现了一个基于GPU＋CPU的并行MAX-MIN蚁群系统,并将其应用于旅行商问题的求解。让全部蚂蚁共享一个伪随机数矩阵,一个信息素矩阵,一个禁忌矩阵和一个概率矩阵,并运用了一个全新的基于这些矩阵的随机选择算法—AIR（All-In-Roulette）。文章还介绍了如何使用这些矩阵来构造并行蚁群优化算法,并与相应串行算法进行了比较。计算结果表明新的并行算法比相应串行算法要高效很多。     

Modeling the dynamics of ant colony optimization

The dynamics of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms is studied using a deterministic model that assumes an average expected behavior of the algorithms. The ACO optimization metaheuristic is an iterative approach, where in every iteration, artificial ants construct solutions randomly but guided by pheromone information stemming from former ants that found good solutions. The behavior of ACO algorithms and the ACO model are analyzed for certain types of permutation problems. It is shown analytically that the decisions of an ant are influenced in an intriguing way by the use of the pheromone information and the properties of the pheromone matrix. This explains why ACO algorithms can show a complex dynamic behavior even when there is only one ant per iteration and no competition occurs. The ACO model is used to describe the algorithm behavior as a combination of situations with different degrees of competition between the ants. This helps to better understand the dynamics of the algorithm when there are several ants per iteration as is always the case when using ACO algorithms for optimization. Simulations are done to compare the behavior of the ACO model with the ACO algorithm. Results show that the deterministic model describes essential features of the dynamics of ACO algorithms quite accurately, while other aspects of the algorithms behavior cannot be found in the model.     

多维背包问题的一个蚁群优化算法

蚁群优化(ACO)是一种通用的启发式方法,已被用来求解很多离散优化问题.近年来,已提出几个ACO算法求解多维背包问题(MKP).这些算法虽然能获得较好的解但也耗用太多的CPU时间.为了降低用ACO求解MKP的复杂性,文章基于一种已提出但未实现过的MKP的信息素表示定义了新的选择概率的规则和相应的基于背包项的一种序的启发式信息,从而提出了一种计算复杂性较低、求解性能较好的改进型蚁群算法.实验结果表明,无论串行执行还是虚拟并行执行,在计算相同任务时,新算法耗用时间少且解的价值更高.不仅如此,在实验中,文中的新算法获得了ORLIB中测试算例5.250-22的两个"新"解.     

基于新型信息素更新策略的蚁群算法*

深入研究了蚁群优化算法（ACO）的路径搜索及参数控制策略,分析了其存在的缺陷。为了提高ACO算法的解题能力,提出一种新型信息素更新策略（PACS）,然后将PACS算法与其他蚁群算法分别应用于旅行商问题（TSP）进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明,PACS算法具有优良的全局优化性能,可抑制算法过早收敛于次优解,有效防止了停滞现象,收敛速度也大大加快。     

High speed ant colony optimization CMOS chip

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is an optimization computation inspired by the study of the ant colonies’ behavior. This paper presents design and CMOS implementation of the ant colony optimization based algorithm for solving the TSP problem. In order to implement ant colony optimization algorithm in CMOS, we will present a new algorithm. This algorithm is based on the original ant colony optimization but it can be implemented in CMOS. Briefly, pheromone matrix is transformed on the chip area and ants move up-down through the pheromone matrix and they make their decisions. Finally ants select a global path. In previous researches only pheromone values is used, but select the next city in this paper is based on heuristics value and pheromone value. In definition of problem, we use heuristics value as a matrix. Previous researches could not be used for wide type of optimization problem but our chip gives heuristics value initially and we can change initial value of heuristics value according to the optimization problem so this capability increases the flexibility of ACO chip. Simple circuit is used in blocks of our chip to increase the speed of convergence of ACO chip. We use Linear Feedback Shift Register (LSFR) circuit for random number generator in ACO chip. ACO chip has capability of solving the big TSP problem. ACO chip is simulated by HSPICE software and simulation results show the good performance of final chip.     

基于异构CMP的改进蚁群优化任务调度策略

为提高异构CMP任务调度执行效率,充分发挥异构CMP的异构性和并行能力,提出一种基于异构CMP的改进蚁群优化任务调度算法--IACOTS。IACOTS算法首先建立任务调度模型、路径选择规则和信息素更新规则,使蚁群算法能够适用于异构CMP任务调度问题。同时通过采用动态信息素更新、相遇并行搜索策略和引入遗传算法中的变异因子对基本的蚁群算法进行优化,克服蚁群算法搜索时间过长和“早熟”现象。通过仿真实验获得的结果表明,IACOTS算法执行效率优于现有的遗传算法,完成相同的任务需要的迭代次数最少,能有效降低程序执行时间,适用于异构CMP等大规模并行环境的任务调度。     

Ant colony optimization with immigrants schemes for the dynamic travelling salesman problem with traffic factors

Traditional ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms have difficulty in addressing dynamic optimization problems (DOPs). This is because once the algorithm converges to a solution and a dynamic change occurs, it is difficult for the population to adapt to a new environment since high levels of pheromone will be generated to a single trail and force the ants to follow it even after a dynamic change. A good solution to address this problem is to increase the diversity via transferring knowledge from previous environments to the pheromone trails using immigrants schemes. In this paper, an ACO framework for dynamic environments is proposed where different immigrants schemes, including random immigrants, elitism-based immigrants, and memory-based immigrants, are integrated into ACO algorithms for solving DOPs. From this framework, three ACO algorithms, where immigrant ants are generated using the aforementioned immigrants schemes and replace existing ants in the current population, are proposed and investigated. Moreover, two novel types of dynamic travelling salesman problems (DTSPs) with traffic factors, i.e., under random and cyclic dynamic environments, are proposed for the experimental study. The experimental results based on different DTSP test cases show that each proposed algorithm performs well on different environmental cases and that the proposed algorithms outperform several other peer ACO algorithms.     

Multi-satellite control resource scheduling based on ant colony optimization

The multi-satellite control resource scheduling problem (MSCRSP) is a kind of large-scale combinatorial optimization problem. As the solution space of the problem is sparse, the optimization process is very complicated. Ant colony optimization as one of heuristic method is wildly used by other researchers to solve many practical problems. An algorithm of multi-satellite control resource scheduling problem based on ant colony optimization (MSCRSP–ACO) is presented in this paper. The main idea of MSCRSP–ACO is that pheromone trail update by two stages to avoid algorithm trapping into local optima. The main procedures of this algorithm contain three processes. Firstly, the data get by satellite control center should be preprocessed according to visible arcs. Secondly, aiming to minimize the working burden as optimization objective, the optimization model of MSCRSP, called complex independent set model (CISM), is developed based on visible arcs and working periods. Ant colony algorithm can be used directly to solve CISM. Lastly, a novel ant colony algorithm, called MSCRSP–ACO, is applied to CISM. From the definition of pheromone and heuristic information to the updating strategy of pheromone is described detailed. The effect of parameters on the algorithm performance is also studied by experimental method. The experiment results demonstrate that the global exploration ability and solution quality of the MSCRSP–ACO is superior to existed algorithms such as genetic algorithm, iterative repair algorithm and max–min ant system.     

A survey: Ant Colony Optimization based recent research and implementation on several engineering domain

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a Swarm Intelligence technique which inspired from the foraging behaviour of real ant colonies. The ants deposit pheromone on the ground in order to mark the route for identification of their routes from the nest to food that should be followed by other members of the colony. This ACO exploits an optimization mechanism for solving discrete optimization problems in various engineering domain. From the early nineties, when the first Ant Colony Optimization algorithm was proposed, ACO attracted the attention of increasing numbers of researchers and many successful applications are now available. Moreover, a substantial corpus of theoretical results is becoming available that provides useful guidelines to researchers and practitioners in further applications of ACO. This paper review varies recent research and implementation of ACO, and proposed a modified ACO model which is applied for network routing problem and compared with existing traditional routing algorithms.     

基于信息素强度的蚁群算法

现有的蚁群算法在选择路径的时候都是同时考虑信息素和路径长度两个因素,导致算法未能很好地模拟真实蚂蚁。为了更好地模拟现实蚂蚁的行为,提出一种新的蚁群算法。该算法在选择路径的时候只考虑信息素强度, 而在信息素强度初始化和信息素强度更新的时候考虑了路径长度这一因素,同时也给出一种动态的信息素更新方式。经实验验证这一算法可以取得较好的搜索效果,并且它的运算速度要比现有的蚁群算法快5倍以上。