融合意图捕捉的笔式草绘特征建模

实现了一种基于笔式草绘特征建模方法.该方法模仿传统的纸笔草绘交互设计方式,利用意图捕捉机制揣测用户的设计意图,并采用基于特征的建模方法构造出三维实体概念模型.支持在模型表面上直接草绘截面和轨迹线,并通过特征切削或添加操作构造复杂物体模型;初步实现了基于手势的模型编辑操作.实验结果表明,该方法简单、高效,适合于快速表达不精确的概念模型.     

手绘草图的在线分段识别

提出了一种在线手绘草图快速分段识别方法。先对草绘笔划进行平滑预处理,以减少噪声干扰和冗余点的数目;然后利用草绘笔划的动静态特性,以及用户的草绘习惯等特性找出笔划的关键分段点,将笔划分为多个笔划子段;最后利用基于二次曲线的方法对笔划子段进行分段识别和特征参数计算,并通过构造面向对象的图形数据结构对识别出的几何图元进行重构。实例表明,该方法具有较好的识别能力和系统稳定性,能够应用于二维概念草图的快速表达,以及后续三维草绘建模的特征笔划智能识别过程中。     

概念图形草绘设计技术研究

针对概念草图的输入输出问题,采用了基于草绘输入的交互式图形设计方法,实现了单笔划草绘轨迹主动分段识别与规整方法;运用了基于笔式手势的草图编辑方法,并将概念草图以DXF的格式输出,实现与现有CAD系统之间的集成.根据手势设计原则以及草图编辑的需要,定义并实现了选择、删除、移动等10种手势,同时采用感知器线性分类方法对手势进行识别.实例表明:手势编辑模式能够改善传统编辑方式在自然性与智能性方面的不足.     

协同设计中CAD模型局部变形加密方法

针对目前协同设计过程中信息安全风险,从提高CAD模型的安全性出发,提出一种基于CAD特征模型局部变形的敏感信息保护方法,通过对草绘参数进行变换,使模型几何形状发生变化,达到隐藏原模型信息的目的;然后提出了基于加密矩阵的草绘参数加密技术,采用一个加密矩阵作为秘钥对草绘中的控制点参数进行加密转换;进一步,为更好地控制加密后模型的变形趋势,引入几何计算中的自由变形方法,使用加密控制晶格对草绘进行加密,提出基于自由变形的草绘参数加密方法.最后通过对CAD零件模型进行实验,证明了文中方法的有效性..     

手绘草图实时处理方法研究

徒手草绘作为一种简便、自然、高效的人机交互方式,在计算机辅助设计领域越来越受到人们的重视。本文主要针对草绘设计与图形识别的行为过程进行了一系列较为广泛的研究,以便将用户的草绘习惯、识别能力与现有的CAD技术紧密结合起来,开发出新一代的智能CAD产品。具体包括草图前处理、特征点的检测、笔划分段、图元识别、图元重构、图元规整、端点校正等内容。实验表明所提出的方法能得到较好的识别结果。     

手绘草图实时处理方法研究

徒手草绘作为一种简便、自然、高效的人机交互方式，在计算机辅助设计领域越来越受到人们的重视。本文主要针对草绘设计与图形识别的行为过程进行了一系列较为广泛的研究，以便将用户的草绘习惯、识别能力与现有的CAD技术紧密结合起来，开发出新一代的智能CAD产品。具体包括草图前处理、特征点的检测、笔划分段、图元识别、图元重构、图元规整、端点校正等内容。实验表明所提出的方法能得到较好的识别结果。     

草图交互式地质建模研究

提出一种简单、快捷的草图交互式地质建模方法,旨在帮助地质学家们在地质勘测初期直观、快速地创建无数据地质概念模型.迄今,现存专业地质建模工具依赖成本较高的真实数据创建精细复杂的三维地质模型,且通常具有建模用时长、不易于学习和使用等缺陷.因此,采用直观的“纸-笔”建模隐喻,提供了一套从草图绘制到三维模型创建,再到三维模型编辑的完整建模流程,允许用户在自由定义的绘图平面上绘制描述模型地质特征的三维草图,并对其构成的连通草图网络实时地进行三维模型重建.模型重建使用分治的思想,大致分为3个步骤完成：首先利用三维草图的几何信息,即拐点,根据其拓扑连接搜寻草图网络中近似平面的能量最小圈,然后通过调和函数计算草图网络中每个圈包围区域的目标平均曲率标量及其法线方向,随后以Laplacian方程优化生成曲面片,最后将曲面片拼接成完整的三维模型.褶皱、断层地质现象可以分别通过重绘和切割操作进行建模.此外,利用层级结构树存储地质模型间的层级关系,并通过变形传递的方式对与形变物体接触的地质模型进行形变,从而保持了地质结构中多物质体相互接触的特性.相比现有基于草图的交互式建模工具,该方法融合了地质学知识,且能够更有效地使用少量草图描述地质物体的特征.基于用户体验调查,该方法具有操作简单、建模直观的特点,能够同时满足专业和非专业人士快速创建地质概念模型的需求.     

基于邻域特征的笔划交叉点提取算法的研究

介绍了一种基于细化的手写体汉字笔划交叉点提取的方法.在众多笔迹算法中,大部分把笔划作为对象进行研究,而要得到准确的笔划特征,难点在于能够准确地确定其交叉点,在交叉点提取过程中,经常会丢失重要的交叉点和产生伪交叉点,提出的新的基于邻域特征的交叉点提取算法可以避免这种现象,实验结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

三维建模中的参数化草图绘制

参数化草图的绘制是创建各种特征、零件的基础,它贯穿于整个零件的三维建模过程之中。正确、高效地绘制草图往往对特征、零件的建模起着相当重要的作用。在草绘过程中运用“形似--添加约束--标注尺寸--修改尺寸”方法实现参数化草图的绘制,能有效地提高草绘的速度与成功率,适用于几乎所有主流的三维CAD软件。     

概念设计中草图类型笔触的语义理解研究

通过研究设计人员在绘图中的绘制行为及习惯, 提出了一种笔触语义与几何特征相结合的草图理解技术, 目的是建立一个在创意阶段适合概念设计人员的手绘交互界面系统。这种方法按照草绘过程提取笔触类型并分析其中所含的语义特征, 通过定义弯曲度阈值、压力度阈值的概念, 采用阈值检测来判断和理解草绘笔触类型, 将其融入到草绘各个阶段。结果使得不同阶段、不同功能笔触类型得到有效分类和辅助识别, 并且草绘过程中可以通过人机交互方式实现草绘稿和规整线稿的转换。实验表明, 这种手绘方法既在一定程度上达到了手绘效果, 又不妨碍设计者创意思路的延伸, 满足了个性化的绘制习惯。     

An integrated form-feature-based design system for manufacturing

Much of the knowledge that is applied in or communicated between design and manufacturing activities is primarily shape based or shape indexed. Previous attempts to acquire and organize shape knowledge have been mostly concentrated on feature recognition from solid models, group technology (GT) coding schemes, and feature-based modeling. This paper presents the development of an efficient form-feature-based modeling system, and addresses the important issue of utilizing feature information for manufacturing, which has not been extensively discussed by previous work. In this paper we first present a Euler operator-based approach for efficient and effective form-feature encoding and manipulation in a feature-based design environment. Subsequently, a hybrid representation scheme called enhanced CSG tree of feature (ECTOF), which integrates feature model with solid model in a tree structure, is discussed. A feature interference resolution methodology to maintain the correct and consistent feature information in an ECTOF is also deliberated. Finally, we present a machinability-checking module, which employs global accessibility criteria to analyze a feature's machinability on a three-axis machining center. By developing feature interference resolving and machinability testing techniques and integrating with an efficient feature-based design system, this research makes the development of an integrated feature-based design and manufacturing system possible.     

Feature-based 3D morphing based on geometrically constrained spherical parameterization

Current trends in free form editing motivate the development of a novel editing paradigm for CAD models beyond traditional CAD editing of mechanical parts. To this end, we need robust and efficient 3D mesh deformation techniques such as 3D structural morphing.In this paper, we present a feature-based approach to 3D morphing of arbitrary genus-0 polyhedral objects that is appropriate for CAD editing. The technique is based on a sphere parameterization process built on an optimization technique that uses a target function to maintain the correspondence between the initial polygons and the mapped ones, while preserving topology and connectivity through a system of geometric constraints. Finally, we introduce a fully automated feature-based technique that matches surface areas (feature regions) with similar topological characteristics between the two morphed objects and performs morphing according to this feature correspondence list. Alignment is obtained without user intervention based on pattern matching between the feature graphs of the two morphed objects.     

Neighboring constraint-based pairwise point cloud registration algorithm

Three-dimensional point cloud registration is important in reverse engineering. In this paper, we propose a registration method for large-scale 3D point clouds, which is based on neighborhood constraints of geometrical features. The method consists of initial and exact registration steps.In the process of initial registration, we define a new functon that measures feature similarity by calculating the distance function, and in the process of exact registration, we introduce the angle information that improve the accuracy of iterative closest point algorithm. Compared with the traditional feature-based and iterative closest point algorithms, our method significantly reduced the registration time by 11.9 % and has only 1 % of the registration error of the traditional feature-based algorithm. The proposed algorithm can be used to create efficient 3D models for virtual plant reconstruction and computer-aided design, and the registration results can provide a reference for virtual plant reconstruction and growth.     

Facial configuration and BMI based personalized face and upper body modeling for customer-oriented wearable product design

To realize truly customer-oriented wearable products, individual users’ unique characteristics and features should be properly captured and represented. This research focuses on an efficient methodology to generate low polygonal virtual human face models, which overcome the limitation of existing high polygonal models. To determine individuals’ characteristics in the conceptual design stage of wearable products, a computerized and personalized 3D face model should be efficiently generated and be able to interact with wearable products. This research formulates a computerized 3D face via a 3D feature-based transformation. The developed algorithm is able to concisely and efficiently create a 3D face by using frontal and lateral pictures of users. The performance of this algorithm is well adapted both to typical PCs and to mobile devices. The generated virtual face models can serve as communication media in a multi-device based collaborative design environment. Through experiments, the validity of the proposed modeling method is considerably acceptable with respect to the quality of the similarity between 3D faces and individual pictures. Finally, this paper discusses how the developed personalized face modeling can be successfully utilized for customer-oriented wearable product design by showing compatible matching of a hairstyle product as a user study.     

基于虚拟原型的概念设计描述模型V-desModel

传统的概念设计方法由于缺乏真实感的交互手段,难以直观表达设计者的意图.基于虚拟原型的概念设计不仅能为设计者提供逼真的虚拟设计环境,而且充分体现了现代设计的成本低、周期短以及灵活性强等特点.针对概念设计的特点以及虚拟原型的特征分类,提出了基于虚拟原型的概念设计模型V-desModel,其核心是利用产品视图模型描述设计对象,将虚拟特征概念融入视图模型中,并采用可扩展"三维实体-约束图"来描述设计对象之间的约束关系.V-desModel模型能有效地支持基于虚拟原型的概念设计过程,较好地解决了概念设计中产品虚拟原     

素描式草绘的三维花朵建模

三维花朵建模是虚拟现实中的重要部分,花瓣作为一种自由曲面,是整个建模的重点。提出了一种由非常自然的素描式草绘方式构造三维花朵模型的方法：从草绘图形中分析和提取信息,由这些信息计算出的横截面曲线来构造花瓣的曲面形状。通过草图绘制、笔划特征分析及识别、空间位置估计及曲面构造这几大步骤完成对花朵的三维建模。     

From laser-scanned data to feature human model: a system based on fuzzy logic concept

This paper describes the development of a prototype system using fuzzy logic concept for constructing a feature human model, which is to be stored in a 3D digital human model database. In our approach, the feature human model is constructed by unorganized cloud points obtained from 3D laser scanners. Firstly, noisy points are removed, and the orientation of the human model is adjusted; secondly, a feature based mesh generation algorithm is applied on the cloud points to construct the mesh surface of a human model; lastly, semantic features of the human model are extracted from the mesh surface. Compared with earlier approach, our method strongly preserves the topology of a human model; more details can be constructed; and both the robustness and the efficiency of the algorithm are improved. At the end of the paper, in order to demonstrate the functionality of feature human models, potential applications are given.     

3-D Head Model Retrieval Using a Single Face View Query

In this paper, a novel 3D head model retrieval approach is proposed, in which only a single 2D face view query is required. The proposed approach will be important for multimedia application areas such as virtual world construction and game design, in which 3D virtual characters with a given set of facial features can be rapidly constructed based on 2D view queries, instead of having to generate each model anew. To achieve this objective, we construct an adaptive mapping through which each 2D view feature vector is associated with its corresponding 3D model feature vector. Given this estimated 3D model feature vector, similarity matching can then be performed in the 3D model feature space. To avoid the explicit specification of the complex relationship between the 2D and 3D feature spaces, a neural network approach is adopted in which the required mapping is implicitly specified through a set of training examples. In addition, for efficient feature representation, principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted to achieve dimensionality reduction for facilitating both the mapping construction and the similarity matching process. Since the linear nature of the original PCA formulation may not be adequate to capture the complex characteristics of 3D models, we also consider the adoption of its nonlinear counterpart, i.e., the so-called kernel PCA approach, in this work. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is capable of successfully retrieving the set of 3D models which are similar in appearance to a given 2D face view.