节点有容量的平面无向网络中的最大流问题是属于NC的

最大流问题是在一个节点和边都有容量限制的网络中寻找两个指定节点间的具有最大值的流。它是个经典的组合优化问题，在工程和科学的许多领域有广泛的应用。在最大流问题的研究中，通常假定仅网络的边有容量的限制。这是因为在一般网络中，节点和边都有容量的问题可以通过简单地把一个节点分裂成两个节点并加入一条边的方法转化为仅边有容量的问题。     

几类求解最大流问题算法在运输问题中的应用

络流理论是图论的重要组成部分,它主要研究网络中的一些最优化问题,包括:最大流,最小流,最短路径,最小费用最大流等几个方面。网络最大流问题是运筹学中的重要问题,它在理论上与工程中都有着重要用途。如何在这些限制条件下,尽可能地提高对网络的利用率,减小资源消耗是一个十分重要的课题。本文通过对几种最大流算法进行介绍,并分析比较各自性能,以便在特定的应用环境下选用合适的网络最大流算法来解决相应的问题。     

因特网拥塞控制的公平性研究综述

将网络拥塞控制的公平性研究划分为在同质流网络中的公平性和在异质流网络中的公平性两个方面,公平性研究在两类网络中均有重大的意义.依此划分,分别介绍了近年来拥塞控制公平性研究的重要进展.同质流网络中公平性研究主要是围绕解决TCP流的RTT歧视这一问题而展开和深入的;异质流网络中公平性研究主要是围绕保护正当行为流的问题而不断推进的,目前的研究热点是对用户公平的AQM算法.最后对拥塞控制公平性研究领域未来有价值的研究问题给出了预测,并阐述了对这几个问题的理解.     

小容量网络上的最大流算法

最大流问题是一类经典的组合优化问题。描述了一种小容量网络,这种网络有强的实际应用背景,同时给出了专门解这种网络上最大流问题的算法。该算法比通用的算法快。它已经突破了最大流问题的O（mn)时间障碍,具有较强的理论意义,也为解决许多实际应用问题提供了更有效的算法。同时,由于判断一个网络是否为小容量网络非常简单,因此该算法也具有普遍意义。     

介绍网络上求最大流的两种算法

一、引言网络流是广泛应用的运筹学模型之一,也是组合最优化所研究的重要问题之一。1956年Ford和Fulkerson首先研究了这个问题,得到了最大流量等于最小截量的重要结论,并且给出了求最大流的Ford-Fulkerson算法,但是这个算法只能保证弧的容量为有理数时有限步终止,即使对弧的容量为有理数的网络,算法的计算复杂性也依赖于最大流的流     

收缩邻居节点集方法求解有向网络的最大流问题

最大流问题在许多领域有广泛的应用,然而随着网络规模的增加,传统的算法无法快速高效地求解最大流问题.对一个给定的有向网络,文中提出一种收缩邻居节点集的方法(CNA)求解其最大流.该方法通过收缩邻居节点集有效降低网络规模,使经典算法及改进算法可直接使用.首先给出收缩邻居节点集的条件,接着给出依据收缩条件构建目标网络的算法,最后利用经典算法求解目标网络的最大流以实现初始网络最大流的最优近似.实验结果表明CNA不仅平均能将目标网络的规模降至初始网络的一半,且能以较小的误差求得初始网络的最大流.     

点和边有容量约束的网络最小费用最大流算法*

分析了目前网络最小费用最大流算法存在的问题,提出网络最小费用最大流新算法。概括出条件约束下的网络最小费用最大流问题的两目标优化数学模型,针对点和边有容量约束的网络最小费用最大流问题特点,定义了有向路径、有向路径单位流费用和残量网络的概念。依据可行流分解定理,以邻接矩阵为网络数据存储结构,使用数据结构中的遍历方法,实现了网络最小费用最大流新算法。该算法在不破坏平面性条件下,可以求解点和边有容量约束的网络最小费用最大流。最后,通过实例进行了算法测试和比较。算法测试表明：点和边有容量约束的网络最小费用最大流算法是完全可行和有效的。     

网络最大流求解算法的研究

近年来,随着各种网络的飞速发展,对最大流问题的研究也取得了很大的进展。文章简述了网络最大流问题的现状,提出了一种求解网络最大流与最小截问题的算法。此算法使得计算网络最大流变得简便,且具有很强的实用性。     

无向平面单位容量网络中的最大流

无向平面单位容量网络中的最大流问题在VLSI设计等领域中有广泛的应用.针对无向平面单位容量网络的特点, 给出这类网络中一个O(n)时间的最大流算法, 比一般平面网络中O(nlog n)时间的最大流算法快log n倍.     

点和边有容量约束的网络最大流新算法

针对目前网络最大流算法存在的问题,研究一种适应性更广的新算法。定义了有向路径和残量网络的概念,依据可行流分解定理,引入人工智能中搜索的方法,以邻接矩阵为网络数据存储结构,提出条件约束下的网络最大流新算法。最后,通过实例进行了算法测试和比较。算法测试表明：点和边有容量约束的网络最大流新算法是完全可行和有效的。     

Formulation and parameter selection of multi-objective deterministic particle swarm for simulation-based optimization

Global derivative-free deterministic algorithms are particularly suitable for simulation-based optimization, where often the existence of multiple local optima cannot be excluded a priori, the derivatives of the objective functions are not available, and the evaluation of the objectives is computationally expensive, thus a statistical analysis of the optimization outcomes is not practicable. Among these algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is advantageous for the ease of implementation and the capability of providing good approximate solutions to the optimization problem at a reasonable computational cost. PSO has been introduced for single-objective problems and several extension to multi-objective optimization are available in the literature. The objective of the present work is the systematic assessment and selection of the most promising formulation and setup parameters of multi-objective deterministic particle swarm optimization (MODPSO) for simulation-based problems. A comparative study of six formulations (varying the definition of cognitive and social attractors) and three setting parameters (number of particles, initialization method, and coefficient set) is performed using 66 analytical test problems. The number of objective functions range from two to three and the number of variables from two to eight, as often encountered in simulation-based engineering problems. The desired Pareto fronts are convex, concave, continuous, and discontinuous. A full-factorial combination of formulations and parameters is investigated, leading to more than 60,000 optimization runs, and assessed by three performance metrics. The most promising MODPSO formulation/parameter is identified and applied to the hull-form optimization of a high-speed catamaran in realistic ocean conditions. Its performance is finally compared with four stochastic algorithms, namely three versions of multi-objective PSO and the genetic algorithm NSGA-II.     

Real-time dynamic optimization of batch systems

In this paper a methodology for designing and implementing a real-time optimizing controller for batch processes is proposed. The controller is used to optimize a user-defined cost function subject to a parameterization of the input trajectories, a nominal model of the process and general state and input constraints. An interior point method with penalty function is used to incorporate constraints into a modified cost functional, and a Lyapunov based extremum seeking approach is used to compute the trajectory parameters. The technique is applicable to general nonlinear systems. A precise statement of the numerical implementation of the optimization routine is provided. It is shown how one can take into account the effect of sampling and discretization of the parameter update law in practical situations. A simulation example demonstrates the applicability of the technique.     

Multiobjective optimization of trusses using genetic algorithms

In this paper we propose the use of the genetic algorithm (GA) as a tool to solve multiobjective optimization problems in structures. Using the concept of min–max optimum, a new GA-based multiobjective optimization technique is proposed and two truss design problems are solved using it. The results produced by this new approach are compared to those produced by other mathematical programming techniques and GA-based approaches, proving that this technique generates better trade-offs and that the genetic algorithm can be used as a reliable numerical optimization tool.     

多元插值全局优化算法及其应用

本文介绍一种多元插值逼近和动态搜索轨迹相结合的全局优化算法.该算法大大减少了目标函数计算次数,寻优收敛速度快,算法稳定,且可获得全局极小,有效地解决了大规模非线性复杂动态系统的参数优化问题.一个具有8个控制参数的电力系统优化控制问题,采用该算法仅访问目标函数78次,便可求得最优控制器参数。     

An integrated approach to topology,sizing, and shape optimization

Topology optimization has become very popular in industrial applications, and most FEM codes have implemented certain capabilities of topology optimization. However, most codes do not allow simultaneous treatment of sizing and shape optimization during the topology optimization phase. This poses a limitation on the design space and therefore prevents finding possible better designs since the interaction of sizing and shape variables with topology modification is excluded. In this paper, an integrated approach is developed to provide the user with the freedom of combining sizing, shape, and topology optimization in a single process.     

Effects of dominant wolves in grey wolf optimization algorithm

Bio-inspired computation is one of the emerging soft computing techniques of the past decade. Although they do not guarantee optimality, the underlying reasons that make such algorithms become popular are indeed simplicity in implementation and being open to various improvements. Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), which derives inspiration from the hierarchical order and hunting behaviours of grey wolves in nature, is one of the new generation bio-inspired metaheuristics. GWO is first introduced to solve global optimization and mechanical design problems. Next, it has been applied to a variety of problems. As reported in numerous publications, GWO is shown to be a promising algorithm, however, the effects of characteristic mechanisms of GWO on solution quality has not been sufficiently discussed in the related literature. Accordingly, the present study analyses the effects of dominant wolves, which clearly have crucial effects on search capability of GWO and introduces new extensions, which are based on the variations of dominant wolves. In the first extension, three dominant wolves in GWO are evaluated first. Thus, an implicit local search without an additional computational cost is conducted at the beginning of each iteration. Only after repositioning of wolf council of higher-ranks, the rest of the pack is allowed to reposition. Secondarily, dominant wolves are exposed to learning curves so that the hierarchy amongst the leading wolves is established throughout generations. In the final modification, the procedures of the previous extensions are adopted simultaneously. The performances of all developed algorithms are tested on both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems including combinatorial problems such as uncapacitated facility location problem and 0-1 knapsack problem, which have numerous possible real-life applications. The proposed modifications are compared to the standard GWO, some other metaheuristic algorithms taken from the literature and Particle Swarm Optimization, which can be considered as a fundamental algorithm commonly employed in comparative studies. Finally, proposed algorithms are implemented on real-life cases of which the data are taken from the related publications. Statistically verified results point out significant improvements achieved by proposed modifications. In this regard, the results of the present study demonstrate that the dominant wolves have crucial effects on the performance of GWO.     

云搜索优化算法

本文将云的生成、动态运动、降雨和再生成等自然现象与智能优化算法的思想融合,建立了一种新的智能优化算法-云搜索优化算法(CSO)。生成与移动的云可以弥漫于整个搜索空间,这使得新算法具有较强的全局搜索能力;收缩与扩张的云团在形态上会有千奇百态的变化,这使得算法具有较强的局部搜索能力;降雨后产生新的云团可以保持云团的多样性,这也是使搜索避免陷入局优的有效手段。实验表明,基于这三点建立的新算法具有优异的性能,benchmark函数最优值的计算结果以及与已有智能优化算法的比较展现了新算法精确的、稳定的全局求解能力。     

粒子群算法在组合优化问题上的研究与发展

粒子群优化算法是一种新兴的基于群智能搜索的优化技术。该算法简单、易实现、参数少,具有较强的全局优化能力,可有效应用于科学与工程实践中。介绍了算法的基本原理和算法在组合优化上一些改进方法的主要应用形式。最后,对粒子群算法作了一些深入分析并在此基础上对粒子群算法应用于组合优化问题做了一些总结。     

Value Creation in a Network: The Role of Pricing and Revenue Optimization and Enterprise Profit OptimizationTM

The Internet has created a virtual upheaval in the structural features of the supply and demand chains for most businesses. New agents and marketplaces have surfaced. The potential to create value and enhance profitable opportunities has attracted both buyers and sellers to the Internet. Yet, the Internet has proven to be more complex than originally thought. With information comes complexity: the more the information in real time, the greater the difficulty in interpretation and absorption. How can the value-creating potential of the Internet still be realized, its complexity notwithstanding? This paper argues that with the emergence of innovative tools, the expectations of the Internet as a medium for enhanced profit opportunities can still be realized. Creating value on a continuing basis is central to sustaining profitable opportunities. This paper provides an overview of the value creation process in electronic networks, the emergence of the Internet as a viable business communication and collaboration medium, the proclamation by many that the future of the Internet resides in “embedded intelligence”, and the perspectives of pragmatists who point out the other facet of the Internet—its complexity. The paper then reviews some recent new tools that have emerged to address this complexity. In particular, the promise of Pricing and Revenue Optimization (PRO) and Enterprise Profit Optimization^TM (EPO) tools is discussed. The paper suggests that as buyers and sellers adopt EPO, the market will see the emergence of a truly intelligent network—a virtual network—of private and semi-public profitable communities.     

A New Subdivision Algorithm for the Bernstein Polynomial Approach to Global Optimization

In this paper,an improved algorithm is proposed for unconstrained global optimization to tackle non-convex nonlinear multivariate polynomial programming problems.The proposed algorithm is based on the Bernstein polynomial approach.Novel features of the proposed algorithm are that it uses a new rule for the selection of the subdivision point,modified rules for the selection of the subdivision direction,and a new acceleration device to avoid some unnecessary subdivisions.The performance of the proposed algorithm is numerically tested on a collection of 16 test problems.The results of the tests show the proposed algorithm to be superior to the existing Bernstein algorithm in terms of the chosen performance metrics.