共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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在搭载线激光轮廓传感器的机器人平台手眼标定问题中,依靠线激光轮廓传感器输出的2维点云信息进行标定,存在标定过程复杂、标定精度低的缺点。本文针对这些问题,提出一种基于圆柱侧面约束的手眼标定方法。通过改变扫描机器人末端位姿,获得不同位姿下圆柱侧面扫描数据。对于激光平面与圆柱侧面相交得到的椭圆轮廓,利用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法得到椭圆轮廓中心点坐标。利用椭圆轮廓的估计中心点到圆柱中轴线的距离建立约束优化方程,将手眼标定问题转化为约束优化问题。利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法和广义拉格朗日乘子法的融合算法求解约束优化问题,得到手眼标定的变换矩阵。最后基于所提方法进行模拟仿真和扫描重建试验。分别讨论了标定数据误差、标定参照物位置和标定参数初始值对标定结果的影响,并验证了手眼标定精度。结果表明,该方法不受标定参照物位置和标定参数初始值的影响,具有操作简单、通用性强、标定精度高等特点,标定精度在0.15mm以内,适合现场标定。 相似文献
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基于奇异值分解的机器人工具坐标系标定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
机器人通过在末端安装不同的操作工具来完成各种作业任务,而工具参数的准确度直接影响着机器人操作精度,因此研究一种准确、快速的工具坐标系标定方法具有重要的意义。该文提出一种称为三点五步法的机器人工具坐标系标定方法,并基于矩阵的奇异值分解理论对该标定方法进行了严密的数学推理,证明该标定方法理论上的可行性。采用该算法进行工具坐标系标定具有操作简单、标定精度高、可靠性强和算法易于程序实现的特点。 相似文献
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线结构光扫描传感器结构参数一体化标定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了精确快捷地标定线结构光扫描传感器的结构参数,提出了一种线结构光扫描传感器结构参数一体化现场标定的新方法,建立了线结构光扫描传感器的数学模型,根据张正友摄像机标定思想结合L-M非线性优化算法能快速精确地完成摄像机内外参数的标定,在此基础上,引入辅助线激光,通过反复多次提取两激光交点完成对线结构光平面精确标定。文章还介绍了如何获取激光交点以及精确提取交点坐标的方法,通过设计相关实验验证了本文方法的可行性,使系统精度优于24μm,能满足实际测量要求。 相似文献
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针对家庭服务机器人工作的非结构化环境,设计了一种可以根据任务需求相应地调整连杆形状的可变形操作臂.该操作臂工作空间易于拓展、灵活度较高且成本低廉.但臂形的改变也给操作臂的建模和控制带来了困难.首先,可变形臂的运动学参数发生了巨大且无规律的变化,使得固结在连杆上的坐标系脱离连杆本体,变得不可测量.其次,为适应不同任务需求,可变形臂的连杆形状需要经常改变,而传统标定方法往往追求更高的标定精度而非标定效率,因而需要开发一种耗时较短的标定方法.最后,可变形臂的标定方法必须简便而易于在家庭环境中实施.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于末端圆周运动的可变形臂旋量参数快速标定算法.对于任意一个旋转关节,单独转动该关节时,操作臂末端的轨迹形成了一个圆弧,且该关节轴垂直于圆弧所在平面(旋转平面)并经过圆弧的圆心.基于该性质,利用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法和最小二乘算法来拟合操作臂末端轨迹,从而获取操作臂的旋量参数初值.在获取到初值的基础上,提出了一种扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法进一步优化旋量参数,提高标定精度.仿真和实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性. 相似文献
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机器人立体视觉中摄像机的标定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对机器人立体视觉标定问题,提出一种介于传统标定法和自标定法之间的摄像机标定方法。与传统方法相比,将内参数、畸变参数与外参数分别标定。首先根据张氏平面标定法求出内参数;其次在考虑透镜径向畸变的基础上求出畸变参数;最后重点探讨在摄像机带有运动的情况下外参数的标定方法,避免了在原有标定环境下摄像机运动时需要重新标定的问题。实验依据传统标定的模板原理,结合双目立体视觉模型,验证了该种分离标定方法的可行性。 相似文献
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针对基于Time-of-Flight(TOF)相机的彩色目标三维重建需标定CCD相机与TOF相机联合系统的几何参数,在研究现有的基于彩色图像和TOF深度图像标定算法的基础上,提出了一种基于平面棋盘模板的标定方法。拍摄了固定在平面标定模板上的彩色棋盘图案在不同角度下的彩色图像和振幅图像,改进了Harris角点提取,根据棋盘格上角点与虚拟像点的共轭关系,建立了相机标定系统模型,利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法求解,进行了标定实验。获取了TOF与CCD相机内参数,并利用像平面之间的位姿关系估计两相机坐标系的相对姿态,最后进行联合优化,获取了相机之间的旋转矩阵与平移向量。实验结果表明,提出的算法优化了求解过程,提高了标定效率,能够获得较高的精度。 相似文献
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Online robot calibration based on vision measurement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robot calibration is a useful diagnostic method to improve positioning accuracy in robot production and maintenance. Unlike traditional calibration methods that require expensive equipment and complex steps, a vision-based online robot calibration method that only requires several reference images is presented in this paper. The method requires a camera that is rigidly attached to the robot end effector (EE), and a calibration board must be settled around the robot where the camera can see it. An efficient automatic approach to detect the corners from the images of the calibration board is proposed. The poses of the robot can be estimated from the detected corners. The kinematic parameters can be conducted automatically based on the known poses of the robot. Unlike in the existing self-calibration methods, the great advantage of this online self-calibration method is that the entire process of robot calibration is automatic and without any manual intervention, enabling the robot calibration to be completed online when the robot is working. Therefore, the proposed approach is particularly suitable for unknown environments, such as deep sea or outer space. In these high-temperature and/or high-pressure environments, the shapes of the robot links are easy to change. Thus, the robot kinematic parameters are changed by allowing the robot to grab objects with different qualities to verify the performance of the online robot calibration. Experimental studies on a GOOGOL GRB3016 robot show that the proposed method has high accuracy, convenience, and high efficiency. 相似文献
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We present a simple low-cost calibration procedure that improves the planar positioning accuracy of a double-arm SCARA robot to levels difficult or impossible to achieve using an equivalent serial robot. Measurements are based on the use of five custom designed magnetic tooling balls fixed to the periphery of a detachable working plate. Three of these tooling balls define the world reference frame of the robot, and the positions of the centers of all balls are measured on a CMM. A special magnetic cup end-effector is used. Measurements are taken by manually positioning the end-effector over each of the tooling balls, with each of the maximum of four possible robot configurations. Each of these measurements is repeatable to within±0.015 mm. The robot calibration model includes all 12 kinematic parameters, and the calibration method used is based on the linearization of the direct kinematics model in each calibration configuration. The optimal number and location of the tooling balls is obtained by studying the observability index. Finally, an experimental validation at 14 additional tooling balls shows that the maximum position error with respect to the world frame is reduced to 0.080 mm within the entire robot's workspace of 600 mm×600 mm. 相似文献
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为实现AS-R智能机器人在运动情况下摄像机在线动态标定,提出一种新的基于粒子滤波的直线运动摄像机标定方法。用状态空间方法描述直线运动摄像机模型,把摄像机内参数和位置运动参数作为状态量,特征点图像坐标作为观测量,根据粒子滤波算法求得摄像机内参数和位置运动参数的最优估计,并用双线程实现整个标定过程。AS-R机器人在直线运动情况下的摄像机在线动态标定实验结果表明:该算法是合理可行的,并且具有很高的标定精度和良好的鲁棒性。该方法适用于各种类型的系统噪声。 相似文献
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针对工业机器人工具中心点(Tool Center Point,TCP)标定,提出一种基于带二维测距功能标定工具板的标定方法。标定工具板能够感知机器人TCP的触碰,并测量任意两触点之间的距离。使机器人TCP与标定板触碰四次,并以触点形成的线段长度为坐标变换不变量为约束,建立TCP参数标定模型。该模型包括一个三元二次代数方程组,通过消元法可求出其所有可能解,并提出了真实解的判定方法。通过数值仿真,验证了所提出方法的可行性。以电阻触摸屏作为标定板为例,分析了标定板距离测量分辨率对标定精度的影响规律。以电阻屏为标定板进行了参数标定实验,证实了该方法的准确性。方法标定过程简单,易于实现自动化,适用于大多数工业机器人的工具坐标系的标定。 相似文献
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在总结分析国内外摄像机标定技术研究的基础上,针对体育科研中使用三维立体
框架进行摄像机标定在标定范围、误差、便携性及时效性等方面存在的不足,提出了使用平面
棋盘格标定板进行三维空间标定的新方法。选取了5 m、10 m 和30 m 的拍摄距离,标定参照
物选用传统三维辐射式立体框架和自制二维平面棋盘格标定板,对标准1 m 长度的比例尺进行
三维重建,对两种标定方法进行了精度比较。此外还对标准1 m 板在测量空间的不同位置(测
量画面中间、边缘)进行了误差分布分析。实验结果表明,基于平面棋盘格标定板的摄像机空
间标定方法具有一定的优势,不论从使用方便性还是测量精度方面都克服了三维立体框架在使
用中的不足,理论上能够满足体育科研的需求。 相似文献
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机标定是视觉测量工作中非常重要的一步。张正友教授提出的基于平面标定物的相机标定方法,是目前使用最广泛的方法之一。但张氏方法只考虑前两阶的径向畸变,因此,本文研究高阶径向畸变对张氏标定方法精度的影响。以棋盘格作为仿真模板,对其进行基于Matlab的仿真标定实验,求得不同径向畸变条件下标定结果的误差,并分析其关系。通过仿真实验结果分别绘制三阶径向畸变与标定误差的关系曲线及四阶径向畸变与标定误差的关系曲线。三阶径向畸变和四阶径向畸变对标定误差的影响十分相似,高阶径向畸变与标定误差关系曲线基本符合抛物线。同时,高阶径向畸变对二阶径向系数标定精度的影响远大于对一阶径向系数标定精度的影响。 相似文献
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This study aims at jointly controlling two critical process parameters from a remote site, of which include the process capability of robotic assembly operations and the accuracy of vision calibration. The process capability is regarded as the indication of robot positioning accuracy. When the robot is driven by the vision camera, the process capability becomes mainly dependent on the calibration accuracy of vision-guided robot system. Even though newly commissioned, high precision assembly robots typically display excellent positioning accuracies under normal working conditions, the imperfect mathematical conversion of vision coordinates into robot coordinates imparts the accuracy problems. In this study, a novel vision calibration method is proposed that effectively rectifies the inherent complications associated with lens distortions. Our analysis shows that the degree of lens distortion appears very differently along the vision field of view. Because of this non-uniform distortion, a single mathematical equation for vision calibration is deemed ineffective. The proposed methodology significantly improves the positioning accuracy, which can be performed over the network from a remote site. This is better suited for today?s global manufacturing companies, where fast product cycles and geographically distributed production lines dictate more efficient and effective quality control strategies. 相似文献
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Jos Maurício S. T. Motta Guilherme C. de Carvalho R. S. McMaster 《Robotics and Computer》2001,17(6):487-497
One of the problems that slows the development of off-line programming is the low static and dynamic positioning accuracy of robots. Robot calibration improves the positioning accuracy and can also be used as a diagnostic tool in robot production and maintenance. This work presents techniques for modeling and performing robot calibration processes with off-line programming using a 3D vision-based measurement system. The measurement system is portable, accurate and low cost, consisting of a single CCD camera mounted on the robot tool flange to measure the robot end-effector pose relative to a world coordinate system. Radial lens distortion is included in the photogrammetric model. Scale factors and image centers are obtained with innovative techniques, making use of a multiview approach. Results show that the achieved average accuracy using a common off-the-shelf CCD camera varies from 0.2 to 0.4 mm, at distances from 600 to 1000 mm from the target, respectively, with different camera orientations. Experimentation is performed on two industrial robots to test their position accuracy improvement using the calibration system proposed: an ABB IRB-2400 and a PUMA-500. The robots were calibrated at different regions and volumes within their workspace achieving accuracy from three to six times better when comparing errors before and after calibration, if measured locally. The proposed off-line robot calibration system is fast, accurate and easy to set up. 相似文献