中国微米纳米-碳纳米管可控介电泳参数模拟研究

碳纳米管的结构以及微电极的物性参数是微纳器件制备过程中影响介电泳效率与精度的重要因素.微电极形状和电极间距与碳纳米管长度之比(λ)是两个与器件制造成本紧密相关的可控介电泳参数.本文根据有限元方法,研究了这两个参数对于介电泳力的影响规律.通过对3种电极下的碳纳米管介电泳速度进行归一化处理,结果表明碳纳米管在分散液中的介电泳速度受电极形状影响较小.而相比于电极形状,λ对介电泳力的影响更加显著.虽然电极间距越小越有利于碳纳米管的组装,但是考虑微电极加工难度与成本,认为λ在0.5~1.0为碳纳米管组装的优化区间.根据介电泳组装实验需要,给出了溶液阈值浓度修正表达式.本研究对于提高介电泳组装效率和实验精度具有一定的理论指导意义.     

MEMS结构中碳纳米管的电泳沉积及其场发射特性研究

利用电泳沉积的方法在MEMS结构特定位置上组装碳纳米管薄膜,以此作为发射体研制基于碳纳米管场发射的传感器,并对其场发射进行了测试和分析.电镜观测与场发射实验结果表明,利用电泳沉积方法可以只在MEMS结构的特定位置沉积碳纳米管薄膜,对于4μm的发射间隙、该薄膜的场发射开启电压约为3.6V～4V,发射电压20V时的发射电流可至28μA.这种“post-MEMS“的碳纳米管薄膜组装方法具有工艺简单的特点,同时避免了碳纳米管生长对MEMS工艺环境以及器件的污染、破坏,实现了纳米材料组装与MEMS工艺的兼容.     

氮、硅掺杂对煤基碳纳米管电子性质和杨氏模量的影响研究

近年来以煤为原料制备获得碳纳米管已经在实验室中得以实现,这开拓了碳纳米管低成本制备的途径。然而,煤基碳纳米管中氮、硅等原子掺杂对于碳管结构和功能性质影响的研究仍然相对较少。本研究使用基于第一性原理的自洽场晶体轨道法对硅、氮原子掺杂的(6,6)碳管进行研究。探讨硅、氮原子掺杂对碳纳米管电子性质和杨氏模量的影响。研究发现,氮原子和硅原子取代掺杂缺陷的形成在能量上是不利的,尤其对于硅掺杂。能带结构的计算表明,氮掺杂碳管显示金属导电性,而硅掺杂碳管发生了金属/半导体性质的转变,为半导体。杨氏模量的结果暗示,氮掺杂可以增强煤基碳管的力学性能。     

氯化铜掺杂的多壁碳纳米管对甲醛的气敏响应研究

按照一定的质量比将CuCl2与多壁碳纳米管悬浊液超声掺杂.将纯的多壁碳纳米管悬浊液和掺杂后的碳管悬浊液分别旋涂在真空溅射的叉指金电极上,干燥后作为气敏膜.分别检测两组气敏膜暴露于甲醛气体前后的电流变化,并计算其灵敏度.掺杂后的多壁碳管气敏膜的灵敏度显著提高,且响应与恢复时间均明显缩短;室温下该传感器的响应非常稳定.CuCl2掺杂所导致的多壁碳管结构缺陷的增加可能是提高掺杂后碳管气敏响应的重要因素.     

低电压芯片电泳过程中流场的模拟计算和分析

本文基于一种阵列电极的低工作电压电泳芯片分离模型,在其中微管道的电场模拟的基础上,结合微流体动力学特性,以分离管道侧壁排布电极并等间距施加电压,建立电泳芯片低工作电压分离过程的流场模型,利用CoventorWare软件分析单组分和双组分试样在微分离管道中流场的模拟,发现组分在常规电压和低工作电压两种分离模式下,其迁移速度近似相等;对于双组分,分离电压可大大降低同时,还可保证原来的分离度,低电压电泳过程中,工作电压可降低至30 V.证实了阵列电极和运动梯度场实现低电压电泳的可行性和有效性.     

实时的流体布料碰撞检测方法

为了实现流体与布料的碰撞效果,提出一种布料边界快速采样的方法.首先在预处理的过程中对布料三角形的边和内部进行分析采样;然后计算流体粒子以及采样粒子受到的作用力,并将采样粒子受到的力作用于布料三角形的每个质点上;最后更新流体粒子与布料质点的位置和速度.为使动画效果更加地真实,采用GPU并行计算来加速仿真.实验结果表明,该方法实现了流体和布料的双向耦合,并可以高效、稳定地模拟不同状态的布料与流体的交互,具有较强的适用性.     

基于工作流引擎的构件组装体系结构

近年来,软件体系结构(SA)、基于构件的软件开发技术(CBSD)等开始在软件开发中发挥出重要的作用.CBSD应用的成功主要体现在自底向上构造系统的方法上.目前,对SA的研究还缺乏一种自顶向下的构件动态组装方法,尤其是过程构件的组装.以工作流技术为基础,以基于Web应用为背景,研究了基于工作流引擎的构件组装方法.从业务过程的基本要素——业务对象、控制流和数据流入手,详细分析了这些要素在构件环境下的特点和交互模式,并以此为基础提出了一种基于工作流的引擎的过程构件组装体系结构.该体系结构中除了考虑常规的控制流驱动的构件组装外,还深入研究了文档型的数据流驱动的构件组装机制,能够为其他研究者将文档型工作流技术应用于软件构件组装提供借鉴和参考.     

微通道导引下数字微流体快速混合

微流体混合是微流控芯片急需完善的重要操作单元,提出了在声表面波驱动下实现微通道内数字微流体快速混合方法.在1280YX-LiNbO3基片上设计相互垂直排列的两叉指换能器和反射栅,并在其声传播路径上制作微通道且进行疏水处理以防止微流体偏离运动方向,待混合的数字微流体移液于微通道中,分别在两叉指换能器上分时加RF电信号激发相互垂直声表面波,以驱动微通道中微流体输运、合并及快速混合.输运实验结果表明微流体在没有微通道时运动发生严重偏离声传播方向;混合实验表明:相比于自由扩散混合,声表面波作用极大地提高微通道中微流体混合速度且混合程度更高.     

IS风险评估方法分类研究*

尝试分别从信息技术演化过程和驱动因素两个方面对信息系统风险评估方法(ISRAM)进行分类.首先选择信息技术和ISRAM发展的时间主线划分ISRAM,然后提取ISRAM设计实现过程中考虑的驱动因素划分ISRAM,并分别给出两种分类方法的半形式化描述;最后,分析目前ISRAM面临的挑战和未来发展趋势.     

催化裂解简单合成离散的短纳米碳管

研究了一种简单催化裂解生长离散纳米碳管技术.不需要使用基底,于700℃,直接催化裂解Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和无水乙醇的混合溶液,反应30分钟,合成了长度较短的纳米碳管.需要指出的是,该研究与已有的催化裂解无水乙醇生长纳米碳管的区别在于:实验设备简单,工艺参数易于实现,反应温度较低,时间较短,碳源和催化剂间的反应在均相中发生.所得产物的扫描电镜、透射电镜表征显示,合成的纳米碳管呈开口状,相互缠绕程度较小,离散度较大.拉曼光谱检测表明产物为单壁纳米碳管和多壁纳米碳管混合物.文章还对纳米碳管的生长过程进行了探讨.     

Fabrication of bio/nano interfaces between biological cells and carbon nanotubes using dielectrophoresis

The authors have previously demonstrated the manipulation of bacteria and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using dielectrophoresis (DEP) and its application for various types of biological and chemical sensors. This paper demonstrates simultaneous DEP handling of bacteria and CNTs, which are mixed and suspended in water. The CNTs were solubilized in water using microplasma-based treatment. When a microelectrode was energized with an ac voltage in the suspension of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), both of them were simultaneously trapped in the microelectrode gap. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that E. coli cells were trapped on the surface or the tip of MWCNTs, where the electric field strength was intensified due to high aspect ratio of MWCNTs. As a result, bio/nano interfaces between bacteria and MWCNTs were automatically formed in a self-assembly manner. A potential application of the DEP-fabricated bio/nano interfaces is a drug delivery system (DDS), which is realized by transporting drug molecules from CNTs to cells across the cell membrane, which can be electroporated by the local high electric field formed on the CNT surface.     

Ethanol gas sensors based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes on oxidized Si substrate

Microsystem Technologies - In this study, ethanol gas sensors were fulfilled by utilizing the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition...     

碳纳米管制备及其复合材料导热性能研究进展

随着高集成、高功率电子器件的飞速发展,电子器件对高导热材料需求更加迫切。碳纳米管 因具有独特的一维纳米结构,同时兼具优异的导热、导电和机械性能等,近年来备受国内外科研工作 者广泛的研究关注。该文主要介绍了碳纳米管的 3 种制备方法：石墨电弧法、化学气相沉积法和激光 蒸发法,同时阐述了碳纳米管导热基本机理以及碳纳米管应用于复合材料热传导性能研究,并对碳纳 米管在进一步导热研究中进行了展望。     

Uniform carbon‐nanotube emitter for field‐emission displays

Abstract— The synthesis of carbon‐nanotube (CNT) field emitters for FEDs by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and their structural and emission characterization are described. Multi‐walled nanotubes (MWNTs) were grown on patterned metal‐base electrodes by thermal CVD, and the grown CNTs formed a network structured layer covering the surfaces of the metal electrode uniformly, which realized uniform distribution of electron emission. A technique for growing narrow MWNTs was also developed in order to reduce the driving voltage. The diameter of MWNT depends on the growth temperature, and it has changed from 40 nm at the low temperature (675°C) to 10–15 nm at the high temperature (900–1000°C). Moreover, narrower MWNTs were grown by using the metal‐base electrode covered with a thin alumina layer and a metal catalyst layer. Double‐walled nanotubes (DWNTs) were also observed among narrow MWNTs. The emission from the narrow CNTs showed a low turn‐on electric field of 1.5 V/μm at the as‐grown layer.     

Application of the Green function method to flow-thermoelastic forced vibration analysis of viscoelastic carbon nanotubes

In this paper, the Green function method (GFM) is implemented for forced vibration analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) conveying fluid in thermal environment. The Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory is used to take into account the size effect of CNT with modeling the CNT wall–fluid flow interaction by means of slip boundary condition and Knudsen number (Kn). The derived governing differential equations are solved by GFM which demonstrated to have high precision and computational efficiency in the vibration analysis of CNTs. The validity of the present analytical solution is confirmed by comparing the results with those reported in other literature, and good agreement is observed. The analytical examinations are accomplished, while the emphasis is placed on considering the influences of nonlocal parameter, boundary conditions, temperature change, structural damping of the CNT, Knudsen number, fluid velocity and visco-Pasternak foundation on the dynamic deflection response of the fluid-conveying CNTs in detail.     

Flexural wave propagation in fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes with system uncertainties

Many studies have reported that the material properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show a wide range and exhibit a great of uncertainties. The uncertainty, in turn, will affect the physical behaviors of CNTs. In this paper, an iterative algorithm-based interval analysis method is proposed to deal with the flexural wave propagation characteristics of fluid-conveying CNTs with system uncertainties. To make the conclusion more objective, the properties of the material and fluid are all considered as uncertain-but-bounded parameters, which can effectively describe the uncertainties where few data are available to perform the probabilistic analysis. The upper and lower bounds of the wave dispersion curves are predicted to clarify the influences of the uncertain material and fluid properties on the wave propagation behaviors of fluid-conveying CNTs. It is demonstrated that the widths of the wave frequency and phase velocity behave different at different wavelengths. Besides, the bounds predicted by the probabilistic model are given to verify the present model, and the present model is also validated by comparing with the Monte Carlo simulation. The present model provides some useful guides for using CNTs to convey fluid flows.     

Performance of nanocomposites stacked with carbon nanotubes and Nafion films

Nanocomposites stacked layer-by-layer with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), referred to as CNT–Nafion?, are prepared using a spray and reproducible spin-cast deposition methodology. The CNTs used for the nanocomposite film were cylindrical with diameters in the range of 10–15 nm and lengths of up to several micrometers. The CNTs had a high purity of more than 95%. CNT–Nafion? nanocomposites with uniformly spray-coated CNTs provide sufficiently high electrical conductivity throughout, and show enhanced mechanical strength due to laterally aligned CNTs between each interface of the spin-coated Nafion film. Our results indicate that such a layer-by-layer film composed of CNTs and Nafion? is suitable for potential transducer applications at the microscale.     

Charge-tunable insertion process of carbon nanotubes into DNA nanotubes

Control over interactions with biomolecules holds the key of the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in biotechnology. Here we report a molecule dynamics study on the encapsulation process of different charged CNTs into DNA nanotubes. Our results demonstrated that insertion process of CNTs into DNA nanotubes are charge-tunable. The positive charged CNTs could spontaneously encapsulate and confined in the hollow of DNA nanotubes under the combination of electrostatic and vdW interaction in our ns scale simulation. The conformation of DNA nanotubes is very stable even after the insertion of CNTs. For pristine CNTs, it could not entirely encapsulated by DNA nanotubes in simulation scale in this study. The encapsulation time of pristine CNTs into DNA nanotubes was estimated about 21.9 s based on the potential of mean force along the reaction coordination of encapsulation process of CNTs into DNA nanotubes. In addition, the encapsulation process was also affected by the diameter of CNTs. These findings highlight the charge-tunable self-assembly process of nanomaterials and biomolecules. Our study suggests that the encapsulated CNTs-DNA nanotubes could be used as building blocks for constructing organic–inorganic hybrid materials and has the potential applications in the field of biosensor, drug delivery system and biomaterials etc.     

Effects of the slip boundary condition on dynamics and pull-in instability of carbon nanotubes conveying fluid

This paper addresses the effects of the slip boundary condition on dynamics and pull-in instability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) containing internal fluid flow. Both the clamped–clamped and the cantilever boundary conditions are considered. The structure of CNTs is modelled using the size-dependent strain gradient theory (SGT) of continuum mechanics. It is shown that the Knudsen number (Kn) has a significant effect on the static and dynamic CNT response due to pull-in voltage loading and the existence of the instability region.     

Dynamic stability of viscoelastic nanotubes conveying pulsating magnetic nanoflow under magnetic field

In this study, dynamic stability analysis of viscoelastic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) conveying pulsating magnetic nanoflow subjected to a longitudinal magnetic field is investigated. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations as well as boundary conditions, are extracted. The dynamic instability region and pulsation frequency of the CNTs are obtained through both the Galerkin technique and the Bolotin method. The effects of the nonlocal parameter gather with strain gradient parameter, Knudsen number, magnetic field, mass fluid ratio, fluid velocity, tension, gravity, viscoelastic characteristic of materials and boundary conditions on the dynamic instability of system are deliberated. The results indicate that increase in the pulsation frequency is caused by the decrease of nonlocal parameter and the increase of strain gradient parameter. Besides, it is revealed that by increasing Knudsen number the pulsation frequency decreases. Furthermore, the dynamic instability region and pulsation frequency of CNT can be enhanced due to the magnetic field effects.