多移动机器人系统个体控制体系结构

本文面向多移动机器人系统,提出了一种适合于移动机器人个体的分层式体系结构, 包括系统监控层、协作规划层和行为控制层三个层次．其中系统监控层主要实现人对系统的 实时监控功能;协作规划层在与其它机器人相应层的交互过程中建立系统的分层式组织形式 ,合理快速地完成任务的分解和分配,实现了机器人之间的任务级协作;行为控制层主要采 用基于行为的方法实现具体的运动控制．该结构满足了移动机器人渐趋复杂的应用环境和日 益增大的系统规模的要求．     

基于混合结构的机器人Agent控制结构的研究

该文面向分布Agent多移动机器人系统,提出了一种适合于多移动机器人的机器人Agent分层式体系结构,包括状态监测层、决策规划层、协调控制层和行为控制层,其中状态监测层主要实现整个系统对外部环境的状态监测。决策规划层设定系统的全局目标和单个机器人的局部目标,合理快速地完成任务的分解和分配,实现机器人之间任务级之间的协作。协调控制层完成机器人之间的运动协调。行为控制器主要采用基于行为的方法实现具体的运动控制。该结构应用于RoboCup环境下的分布多机器人系统中,满足复杂的、动态的应用环境和系统要求。     

大规模多移动机器人合作任务的分布自主协作系统

以大规模多移动机器人觅食任务为背景，探讨了在分布式协作体系结构下系统任务级的协作与行为级的协调问题．提出了一种动态任务分配机制，在缩短任务完成时间的基础上减少了系统通信量并解决了任务死锁问题．同时，设计了一种基于预测的冲突消解方法，使机器人能够对动态障碍物进行精确避障．最后，通过仿真实验验证了上述方法的有效性．     

基于多智能体深度强化学习的协作导航应用

多机器人协作导航目前广泛应用于搜索救援、物流等领域, 协作策略与目标导航是多机器人协作导航面临的主要挑战. 为提高多个移动机器人在未知环境下的协作导航能力, 本文提出了一种新的分层控制协作导航(hierarchical control cooperative navigation, HCCN) 策略, 利用高层目标决策层和低层目标导航层, 为每个机器人分配一个目标点, 并通过全局路径规划和局部路径规划算法, 引导智能体无碰撞地到达分配的目标点. 通过Gazebo平台进行实验验证, 结果表明, 文中所提方法能够有效解决协作导航过程中的稀疏奖励问题, 训练速度至少可提高16.6%, 在不同环境场景下具有更好的鲁棒性, 以期为进一步研究多机器人协作导航提供理论指导, 应用至更多的真实场景中.     

基于反射的规划方法

本文针对机器人在实际环境中执行任务时所面临的不确定性和实时性提出了一种基于反射的规划方法．该方法在较好地利用全局信息的基础上，充分发挥出机器人自身的能动的反射作用．我们首先讨论该方法的基本原理，然后着重讨论它在移动机器人规划和导航中的应用．     

一种多机器人任务规划算法及其系统实现

针对多机器人任务规划问题,提出了一种蚁群集中式规划方法,建立了任务分配和路由规划的蚁群算法描述模型,并利用局部搜索策略改进了蚁群算法分配效果,实现了多机器人集中任务规划系统.利用该系统平台,进行了大量的实验分析.结果表明,蚁群算法能有效解决多机器人任务规划问题,为多机器人协作机制提供了新思路.     

基于生物认知的移动机器人路径规划方法

针对移动机器人在非结构环境下的导航任务,受哺乳动物空间认知方式的启发,提出一种基于生物认知进行移动机器人路径规划的方法．结合认知地图特性,模拟海马体的情景记忆形成机理,构建封装了场景感知、状态神经元及位姿感知相关信息的情景认知地图,实现了机器人对环境的认知．基于情景认知地图,以最小事件距离为准则,提出事件序列规划算法用于实时导航过程．实验结果表明,该控制算法能使机器人根据不同任务选择最佳规划路径．     

动态环境中的移动机器人避碰规划研究

本文研究环境中的冲突区域——即交叉路口中多个移动机器人间的协调和避碰问题．采用集 中 分布相结合的规划方法，根据系统的拓扑结构为每个移动机器人规划路径；在冲突区域 内使用优先级策略对机器人的运动特征进行分布式规划．通过上下层智能的融合，提高整个 系统的智能．同时为系统建立了一套交通规则，易于系统的规划，使系统中的机器人能安全 快速地到达目标位置．由于动态环境的不确定性，规划周期性地执行．最后给出了仿真结果 ．     

移动机器人导航技术现状与展望

移动机器人导航涉及到路径规划，传感器的选择及传感器信息的融合等技术．本文综述了自主式移动机器人的导航技术，对其中的定位、路径规划及多传感器信息融合等技术进行了较详细的分析．同时对移动机器人导航技术的发展趋势作了进一步的阐述．     

一种基于移动机器人AIM的改进的MSIF技术

多传感器信息融合技术在移动机器人领域中有着重要的地位。本文针对AIM移动机器人的多种传感器分布．提出一种改进的信息融合算法。该算法回避了对障碍物进行直接的估计，通过融合红外传感器和超声波传感器提供的冗余、互补的信息．得到机器人能够前进的方向。仿真试验结果表明算法效果良好，可在AIM移动机器人躲避障碍物和路径规划中得到有效的应用。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate