一种基于LEACH的改进无线传感器网络路由协议

为了在无线传感器网络(WSN)中降低能耗和提高网络生存期,针对LEACH协议中簇头选举不合理和随机分簇的不足,提出了一种LEACH的改进协议.该协议首先计算无线传感器网络的最佳分簇数量,然后与遗传算法相结合对网络进行分簇,再根据簇中节点的剩余能量等情况选出簇头节点.仿真结果表明,与经典的LEACH协议相比,改进后的协议减少了网络的能量消耗,延长了网络生命周期.     

无线传感器网络路由协议LEACH的研究与改进

经典的分簇路由协议LEACH在无线传感器网络中有着非常广泛的应用,但LEACH协议在成簇时没有考虑簇头节点的能量和位置,所以网络能耗较大。针对LEACH协议能耗较大的问题,为延长网络生存期,在LEACH协议的簇头选择公式中加入节点剩余能量和距离的参数,提出改进的LEACH协议。在网络模拟软件NS2平台下,对改进的LEACH协议与原LEACH协议进行仿真比较分析,结果表明改进后的协议中各个节点能耗均衡,避免个别节点过早衰亡,可以延长网络生存期。     

基于分簇和覆盖优化的改进LEACH协议

针对传统LEACH协议中簇头数量自由度高以及分布不均所导致能量消耗过多的缺陷,提出一种基于优化分簇的、能耗均匀的改进LEACH协议。改进簇头选择机制,在常规能量阈值选取簇头节点的过程中,引入最优簇半径控制策略,改善簇头节点的物理分布位置,达到网络能量的均衡,同时引入网络覆盖率控制簇头数目,避免产生多余的簇头节点。该算法还在传统LEACH协议的基础上,使用CH-VCH交替轮寻策略简化计算量。仿真结果表明,该改进LEACH协议能解决传统LEACH协议存在的能量问题,使网络的能量消耗更加均匀,并在一定程度上延长网络的生存期限。     

基于Fuzzy C-Means聚类算法的改进LEACH协议

LEACH协议是一种被广泛应用到无线传感器网络中的路由算法。针对经典LEACH算法存在簇头节点空间分布不均匀和传感器节点能耗不均衡等缺点。提出了一种改进LEACH协议,新的路由算法首先利用Fuzzy C-Means聚类算法和节点位置信息将整个网络分割为多个簇;在每个簇中再利用考虑了节点剩余能量的LEACH算法完成单簇头的选举,以完成数据簇内收集和双跳传输。计算机仿真表明,改进的LEACH协议能均衡网络节点能耗,有效延长整个网络的生存周期。     

基于无线传感器网络LEACH协议的改进算法

基于无线传感器节点的位置信息及剩余能量,提出了一种基于LEACH协议的改进算法-PE-LEACH协议。PE—LEACH协议基于节点的位置信息进行分簇,基于节点的剩余能量及位置信息进行簇头的选择,当簇头距离汇聚节点较远时采取中转方式传送数据。较好的平衡了网络能量负载,延长了网络的生命周期。仿真结果表明：PE—LEACH协议与LEACH协议相比,提高了网络能量的利用率,延长了节点的生命周期。     

一种LEACH协议的多级分簇改进算法

LEACH协议的簇头节点分布不均,导致网络负载不均衡.为此,提出一种LEACH协议的多级分簇改进算法.将网络划分为若干小单元,采用多级分簇相结合的方法,在簇头节点选举过程中引入节点剩余能量作为参考度量,以减少簇头节点与sink 节点之间的通信能耗.仿真结果表明,当网络规模增加到200节点时,该算法在第420轮出现第一个死亡点,优于LEACH协议,能延长网络生存周期,降低网络能量消耗.     

基于能量高效的无线传感器网络LEACH协议改进

针对无线传感器网络节能问题,详细分析了经典分簇协议——LEACH,在其基础上针对LEACH的不足进行改进,提出了一种能量高效的分簇路由协议。该协议在簇头选举的算法中纳入节点剩余能量作为参数,提出各簇独立进行的簇头轮换机制,控制簇头在簇中的分布和各簇成员节点数目,并采用基于阈值的单跳与多跳相结合的簇间通信方式。仿真结果表明,改进后的协议较LEACH能够有效节约节点能量,均衡网络各节点消耗,显著延长了网络生存周期。     

三维固定分簇异构传感网络路由协议

基于高楼三维空间中家居监测的应用背景,提出了一种三维空间中LEACH路由协议的改进算法:三维固定分簇异构传感网络路由协议(3D-FHSR).在3D-FHSR中,使用了异构网络的方式让部分能量充裕的节点固定充当簇头节点,并且事先划分好簇的区域范围,这样减少了簇头选举时的能量消耗,同时增加了整个网络的能量.3D-FHSR还改进了LEACH协议的通信模式,减少簇间长距离通信的次数.仿真结果表明,3D-FHSR协议比LEACH协议更能延长网络的生命周期.     

一种通过剩余能量过滤进行簇头选举的低能耗无线路由算法

基于LEACH协议提出一种改进的无线传感器网络的自组织路由算法。该算法在原LEACH协议的簇头产生环节做了较大改进,在簇头产生过程中,将当前节点剩余能量与全无线传感器网络节点平均剩余能量进行比较,防止剩余能量小于全网平均剩余能量的节点当选簇头,进一步优化了全网络节点能量消耗的均衡性,有效推迟了节点的死亡时间。通过在簇头选举阶段使用有目的性的筛选取代LEACH的随机选取,实现降低无线传感器网络能耗、延长网络生命周期的目的。通过MATLAB仿真软件进行试验测试,结果表明,改进的算法可以提高无线网络的生命周期,均衡无线网络能量消耗,增加网络吞吐量,有效延迟无线网络节点的死亡时间。     

一种低功耗自适应集簇分层协议的优化算法

针对低功耗自适应集簇分层(LEACH,low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy)协议在簇头(CH,cluster head)选择和能量消耗方面的缺陷,提出了改进的LEACH协议,记为LEACH-Ⅰ(LEACH-improved)协议.LEACH-Ⅰ协议利用节点离基站的位置和剩余能量选择簇头,使得CH均匀分布.同时,减轻CH负担,从簇内选择剩余能量最大的节点作为数据融合节点,分担原本由CH完成的数据融合任务,平衡了节点间的能量消耗问题.实验结果表明,提出的LEACH-Ⅰ协议有效地延长网络生存时间,比LEACH、DDEEC的网络生存时间分别提高了60％、43％.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate