H ∞ control of a suspension with a magnetorheological damper

This research work presents an H _∞ controller based on a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model for a two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) one-quarter-vehicle semi-active suspension with a magnetorheological damper where the actuator dynamics are included in the control synthesis. These dynamics enclose nonlinear damper phenomena, avoided in many other studies, and that can improve the suspension system by means of a more accurate model. The objective is to obtain a semi-active suspension that considerably improves the passive suspension efficiency based on some frequency domain performance criteria. The advantage of having the T–S system as a reference is that each piecewise linear system can be exposed to the well-known control theory. Besides, the proposed solution is compared with the recent reported work to highlight its advantages. A case of study is included and simulation work supports the results. The methodology applied herein can be extended to a half-vehicle model, and to the four wheels to have a global chassis control in order to maximise passenger comfort and vehicle stability.     

Smart‐Bogie: Semi‐Active Lateral Control of Railway Vehicles

The topic of this paper is the design and analysis of a control system for the lateral movement of the carbody in a train. The control system is implemented via semi‐active electro‐hydraulic dampers located on the secondary‐suspension that links the bogie to the structure of the carbody of the train. The entire design procedure is outlined: the semi‐active damper is accurately modeled; using the actuator model, the control strategies are implemented and tuned on a vehicle simulator; the best control strategies then are implemented and tested on a realistic laboratory test‐bench, which accurately reproduces the lateral dynamics of a train. A wide range of semi‐active control strategies is tested. Among them, the best performing and most efficient is a recently‐proposed strategy which requires only a single sensor located cabin‐side.     

非线性半主动悬架系统模糊控制策略

为了实现复杂非线性车辆半主动悬架系统的减振控制,对整个系统的动力学特性和磁流变减振器的特性进行分析,得到期望的阻尼力变化趋势,并由此提出一种直接针对减振器电流的新型模糊控制策略.该策略构建了以车身加速度、减振器两端速度差以及悬架动行程作为输入的三维控制结构,并将其简化为二维结构,同时引入减振器的设计思想制定了非对称的模...     

Survey and performance evaluation on some automotive semi-active suspension control methods: A comparative study on a single-corner model

In this paper, an overview and a benchmark of some semi-active suspension control strategy performances is proposed. Based on a recent result of the authors, where the optimal semi-active performance trade-off was addressed, here a complete benchmark to evaluate any controlled semi-active suspension is proposed, and applied to different control approaches. This paper aims at providing a picture – as complete as possible – of the present state of the art in the semi-active suspension control field in terms of comfort and road-holding performance evaluation and trade-off.     

履带车辆悬挂系统半主动控制仿真

磁流变减振器是一种新型的阻尼器,具有结构简单、响应迅速、出力大和耗能小等特点,通过改变线圈电流来调节其阻尼力,在结构振动半主动控制领域有着广阔的应用前景.该文将这种阻尼器应用于履带车辆悬挂系统的半主动控制中,建立出了二自由度1/2车体模型,采用最优控制算法,得出了悬挂系统的最优控制力,并采用控制系统仿真软件 MATLAB中的Simulink工具进行仿真计算,得出了被动悬挂与半主动悬挂车体垂直加速度和角加速度时域响应曲线.通过比较表明该悬挂系统半主动控制能使位移和加速度同时减少30%以上,具有较好的减振效果.     

军用履带车辆半主动悬挂系统最优控制研究

将磁流变阻尼器这种智能减振装置应用于履带车辆悬挂系统中，构成了新型的半主动式悬挂系统，研究了磁流变阻尼器的力学特性，建立了1／2车体振动模型，采用基于最优控制理论的半主动控制算法，确定了悬挂系统的最优控制力，并对典型沙土路面激励下，某型军用履带车辆半主动悬挂系统的垂直加速度、垂直位移、角加速度和角位移的响应情况进行了仿真分析，结果表明该控制算法有着很好的减振效果。     

基于电流变阻尼器的履带式车辆悬架振动控制

提出一种基于电流变阻尼器的半主动悬架系统,建立了某履带式车辆悬架的1/4车体动力学模型,在此基础上给出了悬架系统的运动方程和状态方程,分析了某种剪切模式电流变阻尼器的阻尼力并作为悬架系统半主动控制的制动器.将随机最优控制理论应用到车辆悬架的控制中,以车身加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动位移的加权二次型最小为控制性能指标,设计了线性二次型高斯(LQG)控制器,通过被动悬架与LQG控制悬架的仿真比较,在轮胎动位移基本相同的情况下,LQG控制能有效的降低车身加速度,充分利用悬架的工作空间,提高车辆的舒适性和安全性.     

野草入侵模糊算法的半主动空气悬架研究

为了抑制由路面不平引起的车辆振动,结合磁流变阻尼器和空气弹簧的变阻尼/刚度特性,设计了含内置永磁体式磁流变阻尼器的半主动空气悬架系统.基于电磁学原理,对内置永磁体式磁流变阻尼器的力学特性建模.建立了1/4车辆二自由度动力学模型,并利用野草入侵算法对常规模糊算法规则进行优化,开发了野草入侵-模糊混合控制策略对内置永磁体磁流变阻尼器的空气悬架进行半主动控制.为验证该控制策略在磁流变空气悬架的半主动控制效果,进行了C级路面随机输入及凸块脉冲输入仿真分析,仿真结果可知,野草入侵-模糊控制策略能有效地提高半主动悬架系统的综合性能.并且通过台架试验进一步表明,利用该控制策略能够使车身振动加速度及悬架动挠度分别减小25.87%、35.13%.     

斜拉索的磁流变半主动自适应控制器设计

考虑描述磁流变(MR)阻尼器力学行为的LuGre动态摩擦模型,建立了新的斜拉索-MR阻尼器系统模型,该模型能够很好地描述斜拉索-阻尼器系统的动态特性,且能够实时辨识MR阻尼器内部参数.对于新的系统模型,基于Lyapunov直接法设计了抑制斜拉索振动的半主动自适应控制方法;原系统可变换为带有小参数的奇摄动系统,采用奇摄动理论对该系统进行分析,得到了另一类半主动自适应控制方法.仿真结果表明提出的两种控制方法均能够很好地抑制拉索振动.     

基于状态反馈的LQG半主动悬架控制策略研究

随着我国智能电网的建设以及电力市场的逐步推行,传统的集中式大电网供电模式已经无法满足当今社会对电力的需求,分布式电源的引入就成为了未来电网发展的一个新趋势。分布式发电技术的引入不仅可以解决集中式发电投资大、建设周期长、调节不灵活及事故范围大等弊端,还能有效地解决全世界所面临的能源危机和环境污染等问题。由于分布式电源的引入,配电网中将会出现很多新的节点类型,处理这些节点时如果采用传统的潮流算法往往难以达到预期的效果,而潮流计算是开展配电网其它研究工作的基础,因此,研究含分布式电源的配电网潮流计算显得尤为重要。本文详细论述了分布式发电的意义以及国内外对于含分布式电源的配电网潮流算法的研究现状。     

基于降阶模型的斜拉索振动的半主动神经网络控制

根据模态降阶理论,获得了斜拉索-阻尼器系统的降阶模型,有效地缩减了系统的自由度.根据ER/MR阻尼器特性和主动控制中LQG控制理论,建立了面向速度剪切的半主动LQG控制方法,并获得了很好的控制效果.本文设计了神经网络的观测器,使用的传感器数目大大减少,根据智能控制理论,设计了神经网络控制器,并提出采用该神经网络作斜拉索半主动控制的控制算法.振动仿真的结果表明,经过离线训练后的神经网络观测器和控制器,有效地抑制了斜拉索的振动.     

基于阻尼多级分段调节的半主动悬架系统

为提高汽车的平顺性和舒适性,提出了一种多级分段调节减振器阻尼的方法。为创建该方法,首先建立了汽车半主动悬架动力学模型,通过分析模型得到和减振器匹配的阻尼控制规律和最优解。设计了一种基于电磁阀控制节流孔通道的硬件结构。对减振器阻尼大小进行了分级定义,对不同的路面状况,匹配不同级别的减振器阻尼。探讨了半主动悬架可控减震器节流参数控制规律,根据该规律构思了此减振器的控制方法。开展了针对多级分段调节的半主动悬架系统的路面试验,试验表明该种减振器具有较好的减震效果,能够有效的提升汽车的的行驶平顺性和稳定性。     

Recent Advances on Vibration Control of Structures Under Dynamic Loading

In this paper, a review of recent journal articles on passive, active, semi-active, and hybrid vibration control of structures subjected to dynamic loading is presented. Passive systems reviewed include tuned mass damper (TMD), tuned liquid column damper (TLCD), tuned liquid column ball damper (TLCBD), circular TLCD (CTLCD), and pendulum TLCD (PTLCD). Active control systems include active tuned mass dampers (ATMD) and piezoelectric actuators. Semi-active systems include magnetorheological (MR) damper, negative stiffness devices (NSD), magneto-rheological damper TMD (MR-TMD), variable stiffness semi-active TMD (VS-STMD), variable damper STMD (VD-STMD), and recentering variable friction device (RVFD). Hybrid systems include active base isolation system and semi-active MR dampers with nonlinear base isolators. The current frontier of research is semi-active control of structures as well hybridization of various control systems. The problem is complex requiring integration of several different hardware and software technologies with structural design such as smart materials, adaptive dampers, actuators, sensors, and control and signal processing algorithms. This complexity also makes it an exciting area of research and development.     

Adaptive Backstepping Control Design for Semi-Active Suspension of Half-Vehicle With Magnetorheological Damper

This paper investigates the problem of controlling half-vehicle semi-active suspension system involving a magnetorheological (MR) damper. This features a hysteretic behavior that is presently captured through the nonlinear Bouc-Wen model. The control objective is to regulate well the heave and the pitch motions of the chassis despite the road irregularities. The difficulty of the control problem lies in the nonlinearity of the system model, the uncertainty of some of its parameters, and the inaccessibility to measurements of the hysteresis internal state variables. Using Lyapunov control design tools, we design two observers to get online estimates of the hysteresis internal states and a stabilizing adaptive state-feedback regulator. The whole adaptive controller is formally shown to meet the desired control objectives. This theoretical result is confirmed by several simulations demonstrating the supremacy of the latter compared to the skyhook control and passive suspension.      

Modeling,diagnosis and estimation of actuator faults in vehicle suspensions

This paper deals with the modeling, diagnosis and estimation of faults in automotive Semi-Active (SA) dampers, particularly oil leakages in the actuator. An experimental multiplicative fault model is proposed and statistically validated with an index error of 15% for damper leakage. The fault model is used as design basis for two Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) frameworks. The Frequency-based Fault Estimator (FFE) is based on the effect of the damper fault in the frequency domain and the Robust Parity Space (RPS) consists in a residual generator sensitive to the fault in the time domain. The model-based FDI systems were experimentally validated in a 1:5 scaled vehicle, fully instrumented and equipped with SA dampers. The experimental results show that, while both approaches represent suitable options for commercial applications, the RPS estimator has the fastest detection time and proportionality to the fault level. In addition, the RPS approach has better robustness to vehicle mass uncertainties. On the other hand, the FFE presents lower sensitivity to road profile and semi-active damper input variations. Additionally, this estimator requires a lower number of sensors and has a lower computational overhead.     

履带车辆半主动悬挂多体及控制联合仿真研究

在履带车辆悬挂系统线性振动模型基础上，证明了悬挂最优阻尼比的存在，提出了统计意义上的最优阻尼控制策略，即为履带车辆悬挂半主动控制的理论基础。通过基于多体动力学理论的虚拟样机方法对某型履带车辆整车悬挂系统进行了仿真研究，结合“机械系统＋控制系统”联合仿真技术，对比了该车分别采用被动悬挂和半主动悬挂时的动力学特性，得出了该履带车辆采用半主动悬挂可显著降低车辆振动加速度，提高车辆乘坐舒适性的结论。从而验证了多体理论和联合仿真技术在履带车辆半主动悬挂技术的可行性。     

Preview-based techniques for vehicle suspension control: a state-of-the-art review

Automotive suspension systems are key to ride comfort and handling performance enhancement. In the last decades semi-active and active suspension configurations have been the focus of intensive automotive engineering research, and have been implemented by the industry. The recent advances in road profile measurement and estimation systems make road-preview-based suspension control a viable solution for production vehicles. Despite the availability of a significant body of papers on the topic, the literature lacks a comprehensive and up-to-date survey on the variety of proposed techniques for suspension control with road preview, and the comparison of their effectiveness. To cover the gap, this literature review deals with the research conducted over the past decades on the topic of semi-active and active suspension controllers with road preview. The main formulations are reported for each control category, and the respective features are critically analysed, together with the most relevant performance indicators. The paper also discusses the effect of the road preview time on the resulting system performance, and identifies control development trends.     

基于ARM的半主动悬架递阶控制器设计

针对半主动悬架大系统模型的特点，开发了半主动悬架递阶控制器，运用大系统递阶控制策略建立了系统的控制结构，以ARM处理器为核心构筑起悬架控制系统的硬件平台，设计了包括模糊神经网络子系统和协调优化子程序的系统软件，调整半主动悬架系统的阻尼系数，并进行了实车道路试验。结果表明，该控制器可以满足半主动悬架控制系统的要求。     

基于dSPACE的磁流变半主动减振实验控制系统研究

对磁流变半主动悬架减振实验系统进行设计,构造了基于dSPACE系统的磁流变半主动悬架实验控制系统,设计了基于脉宽调制控制的磁流变阻尼器驱动电路,在设计的磁流变半主动悬架减振实验台上对二自由度悬架的半主动控制策略进行实验,通过实验数据分析,验证了控制策略的有效性.     

履带车辆半主动悬挂计算机仿真研究

基于可调式半主动悬挂系统，以保持车辆悬挂性能最优或次优，可改善车辆振动环境。用动力学分析软件RecurDyn和控制分析软件Matlab／Simulink联合仿真，通过实体建模方法对高速履带车辆整车进行了被动和半主动悬挂对比仿真分析，研究结果表明，半主动控制通过悬挂阻尼力的变化改善车体振动效果明显，在高速履带车辆上采用可调阻尼式的半主动悬挂控制是可行和有效的。