作战计划协同制定系统结构模式研究

从CSCW系统环境出发 ,结合制定作战计划的军事过程和要求 ,提出了基于CSCW平台的作战计划协同制定系统 (OPCPS)的六元组结构模式 ,为该系统的设计与实现奠定了理论基础     

作战计划协同制定系统结构模式研究

从CSCW系统环境出发,结合制定作战计划的军事过程和要求,提出了基于CSCW平台的作战计划协同制定系统（OPCPS）的六元组结构模式,为该系统的设计与实现奠定了理论基础。     

分布式作战计划辅助生成系统研究

文中针对高技术条件下空中战役特点给作战计划带来的复杂性、协作性和使其非结构化或半结构化越来越突出等问题，提出了一种基于CSCW技术和AI技术相结合的新的计划制定方式－分布式作战计划辅助生成系统（DOPGS），以适应未来高技术战争的需要，达到解决作战指挥中存在的计划手段落后、计划制定效率低等目的。     

一种基于移动CSCW的系统模型

目前，移动计算机支持协同工作(mobile CSCW)已经成为CSCW领域中一个重要的研究方向，人们越来越意识到能够在任何时候任何地点进行协同工作的必要性。基于移动CSCW的特性，本文提出了一个移动CSCW系统模型，并对模型的结构和关键机制做了详细的分析。同时，介绍了在这个模型基础上实现的移动协同计划助手系统(Mobile Cooperative Project Assistant，MCPA)。     

作战计划生成方法研究现状与展望

作战计划质量的高低事关战争的成败,而作战行动序列生成是计划制定的关键。目前作战计划生成面临着行动状态搜索空间大,无法有效处理战场不确定因素对计划执行效果的影响,不能满足现代战争非线性、不确定性需求等问题。为此,分别从经典计划生成和作战计划生成中的理论与应用两个方面分析了国内外的研究现状,特别是针对作战计划生成问题中传统的、基于效果作战的以及不确定性的作战行动序列生成方法进行了系统及深入的阐述,进而指出当前该领域的主要研究方向,这对于现代战争中作战计划的生成具有重要指导意义。     

本体技术在作战计划系统中的应用

作为人工智能研究成果在军事领域的应用,本体技术逐渐成为作战计划系统中基础而核心的组成部分。针对本体技术在作战计划系统中的应用,从作战计划系统中本体的内容、表示、应用和扩展等方面,对两个重要的作战计划系统（DICIPLE和PLANET）中如何应用作战计划本体模型、如何管理作战计划本体等方面进行了分析。分析结果为作战计划建立本体提供必要的准备,为进一步设计基于本体的作战计划生成和验证系统提供了有益的指导。     

基于CSCW的办公自动化系统

介绍了在OA系统中使用的CSCW技术。通过分析OA系统的特点，建立了一个基于CSCW的OA系统模型。根据这个模型，为某单位实际设计出了一个基于Lotus Domino6.0平台的OA应用系统。给出了该系统的功能模块和网络拓扑结构，总结了基于CSCW的OA系统的优势。     

Mobile CSCW技术在MIS中的研究和应用

随着智能移动终端的发展,移动CSCW逐渐成为CSCW的发展趋势,人们可以在任何时间和任何地点实现协同工作.分析移动CSCW的特点,提出一个基于移动CSCW的系统模型,并且在此基础上实现一个基于移动CSCW系统模型的仓库管理系统.     

基于Web Services架构的CSCW应用研究

WebServices技术给CSCW提供了一个新的实现平台。论文分析了当前几项CSCW应用主流实现技术的局限性,指出了基于WebServices实现CSCW应用的理由,研究了WebServices在CSCW系统中的应用模式,并着重讨论了消息同步问题的解决方法,提出了系统的体系结构,最后给出了一个基于WebServices的协同图形编辑器的实例。     

一种应用于CSCW环境中的WEB教学系统

Internet正在改变人们的学习方式 ,以WEB技术和CSCW技术为依托的现代教学环境一定会被人们接受并极大地提高人们的学习效率。基于CSCW概念 ,论述了CSCW技术引入教学领域的可行性 ,概括了教学领域中CSCW系统的特点 ,介绍了基于CSCW交互式WEB教学系统的应用模型。     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

Schematic classification problems and their solution

The necessity arises in a variety of tasks to classify items on the basis of the presence of one of a number of criterial sets of co-related feature values. Such sets are called class characteristics. Because such classification problems require the identification of characteristics on the basis of limited training information, they entail a difficult search problem. Consideration of the differences between the theoretical models underlying characteristic and volume pattern generators suggests a schematic approach. Schemata, sets of commonly co-occuring features values, are probabilistic indicators of class membership whenever the characteristics are unknown but the characteristic model prevails. Formal and algorithmic solutions to the classification problem when exemplars are simple (consist only of M feature or attribute values) are described. The relevance of these procedures to problems involving general (relational) data structures is also indicated.     

Ethical and legal issues for writing researchers in an age of media convergence

With the convergence of digital media into ever-widening social and technological networks for creation and distribution, the contexts for writing and the study of writing and writers have certainly changed. Researchers must navigate a dense matrix of ethical and legal issues in all phases of research when studying the ever-changing processes and products of digital communications. In this article, I draw from numerous sources to articulate a few of the challenges facing digital writing researchers in this age of convergence, focusing on issues of representation (researcher, participant, third-party), issues of informed consent, and issues of copyright and fair use.     

人和人工智能系统的概念形成过程研究

概念的形成是实现人工智能的基础,为研究人工智能系统中概念的形成过程,从人对事物形成概念的过程出发进行了研究。比较人和人工智能系统的概念形成过程得到了如下特点:人的优势在于能自主地确定对象表象和对象功能中的各种特征和划分等,能在对象、描述性定义和功能性定义对应关系不完备情况下通过思维和联想建立概念;人工智能系统的优势在于丰富的对象表象感知能力,对象的各种特征和划分的长期存储、运算和分析能力;而人工智能的概念形成过程存在的缺点基本与人的概念形成过程的优点对应。因此本文认为人工智能的概念形成过程必须关注因素的智能识别、功能的系统实践和人经验知识的有师学习。现有技术在缺乏人经验知识的情况下,人工智能系统不能自主建立概念和知识库,不能实现智能过程。     

Interface as Exordium: The Rhetoric of Interactivity

In this article, I outline how the interface of new media functions rhetorically as an exordium to engage users and to dispose them to persuasion. The modular, networked, and interactive nature of new media requires an interface: a central place of interaction for the technological, human, social, and cultural aspects of new media. I propose that the interface functions rhetorically through three modes of interactivity, including multi-directionality, manipulability, and presence. By understanding these modes of interactivity and how they function to create various degrees of interaction and engagement, we can begin to develop the analytic tools needed to increase critical awareness of the interface. A rhetorical understanding of the interface enables us and our students to see that the shape and design of the interface is not natural and inevitable. The design of the interface is a design of human experience and, as such, the interface becomes a locus of power. The modes of interactivity it deploys are capable of enabling empowerment and enacting rhetorical patterns of control.     

A New Method of Coding Minorants in Problems of Synthesis of Digital Devices from PLAs

A new method of coding minorants in decomposing a system of Boolean function is proposed. The method is based on the initial coding obtained from the minimal representation of the system in the so-called set-theoretical decomposition form obtained as a result of q-partitioning of conjuncterms of functions represented in DNF. A distinctive feature of the method is the preservation of the correspondence of the obtained codes of minorants to the block structure of the system being decomposed, which provides the minimum of informational capacity of PLAs.     

New debates on learning support

Abstract In the present debate on knowledge management and multimedia support of human learning, the word 'mediation' (of conduct) is often used as a natural correlate and rough equivalent to the word 'mediatisation' (of information). It is suggested that the distinction between the two words points to a basic difference between two types of processes which are crucial to a much needed rethinking of the conception and design of humanmachine interaction (HCI).
A redefinition of the 'appropriateness' of media support as the quality of the help to people's self-help rather than of direct control of their behaviour is proposed. Such a redefinition implies a radical shift of paradigm allowing for approaches to human learning as a cognitive activity in its own right. Another view of technological mediation is advocated, in keeping with some recent developments in HCI.     

基于XML的中间层交互技术的研究

由于HTML自身的不足．所以无法适应Web发展的复杂性和多变性，也不利于机器之间的数据交换和信息传递，通过对XML和HTML作多个角度的对比，文中提出将XML作为载体实现Web上的动态交互。首先从XML的自身特点出发，分析了XML驱动下的Web体系结构，从而得出基于XML的中间层交互技术的实现原理．重点研究了如何设计与XML相匹配的Web数据库，用XML查询数据库的实现方法，以及如何构造从XML到数据库的映射关系，具体包括从XIviL的DTD或者Schema出发来设计数据库的结构或者从数据库本身出发来构造与之相适应的DTD或Schema，最后分析了浏览XML格式信息的诸多策略。     

HUYGENS' PRINCIPLE,PHYSICS AND COMPUTERS

We discuss the emergence of topology from a consideration of set extensions in General Systems Theory. Boundaries arise in a natural way, separating independent elements or regions of the system. Our aim is a unification of Etter theory, Kron's method of Tearing and Jessel's formulation of Huygens' Principle. This should make explicit the equivalence between the objective, structural, holographic and the subjective, relative definitions of information, sought in Bowden (1994b), reprinted in this Special Issue. It connects the abstract generalisations of Schrodinger's equation and Bom's rule derived in probabilistic Etter theory with the real world of electrical and other physical phenomena in General Physical Systems Theory. This paper can be considered as a continuation of Bowden (1990; 1994a) and as a response to Bowden (1994b), reprinted in this issue.

We review the ideas behind Kron's Method of Tearing and Jessel's Principle of Secondary sources (both special cases of the above theory) and their equivalence. We follow Hiley's argument in Hiley (1996) to show how Schrodinger's equation can be thought of as specifying the evolution of (a series of) tearings in continuous space. These can be shown on a commutative diagram as a series of similarity transforms. We compare this with Etter's derivation (Etter, 1998). We describe briefly a recently published derivation of Maxwell's equations from a non-commutative algebra and show how they fit onto a related commutative diagram. Finally we make some comments on applications of the general theory to computer systems. This paper is a series of vignettes of work in progress. It is designed to point the direction of work to come in Constructive Physics.