多重约束非负矩阵分解的非平稳噪声语音增强（英文）

低信噪比非稳态噪声环境中的语音增强仍是一个开放且具有挑战性的任务.为了提高传统的基于非负矩阵分解(nonnegative matrix factorization,NMF)的语音增强算法性能,同时考虑到语音信号的时频稀疏特性和非稳态噪声信号的低秩特性,本文提出了一种基于多重约束的非负矩阵分解语音增强算法(multi-constraint nonnegative matrix factorization speech enhancement,MC–NMFSE).在训练阶段,采用干净语音训练数据集和噪声训练数据集分别构建语音字典和噪声字典.在语音增强阶段,在非负矩阵分解目标函数中增加语音分量的稀疏性约束和噪声信号的低秩性约束条件,MC–NMFSE能够更好地从带噪语音中获得语音分量的表示,从而提高语音增强效果.通过实验表明,在大量不同非平稳噪声条件和不同信噪比条件下,与传统的基于NMF的语音增强方法相比,MC–NMFSE能获得较低的语音失真和更好的非稳态噪声抑制能力.     

稀疏卷积非负矩阵分解的语音增强算法

非平稳噪声和低信噪比条件下提高增强语音质量一直以来都是语音增强研究的难题。近年来,卷积非负矩阵分解在语音增强算法中成功应用,本文进一步考虑语音信号在时频域的稀疏性,提出了稀疏卷积非负矩阵分解(Sparse Convolutive Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, SCNMF)的语音增强算法。该算法包括训练和增强两个阶段。训练阶段通过SCNMF算法分别对纯净语音和噪声的频谱进行训练,得到纯净语音和噪声字典,并将其作为增强阶段的先验信息。增强阶段首先通过SCNMF算法对带噪语音的频谱进行分解,然后利用纯净语音和噪声联合字典对语音编码矩阵进行估计,重构增强语音。本文通过实验仿真分析了稀疏因子对增强语音质量的影响。实验结果表明,在非平稳噪声和低信噪比条件下,本文算法增强效果均优于多带谱减、非负矩阵分解、卷积非负矩阵分解等传统的算法。     

ADMM稀疏非负矩阵分解语音增强算法

提出一种基于交替方向乘子法的（Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,ADMM）稀疏非负矩阵分解语音增强算法,该算法既能克服经典非负矩阵分解（Nonnegative Matrix Factorization,NMF）语音增强算法存在收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优等问题,也能发挥ADMM分解矩阵具有的强稀疏性。算法分为训练和增强两个阶段：训练时,采用基于ADMM非负矩阵分解算法对噪声频谱进行训练,提取噪声字典,保存其作为增强阶段的先验信息;增强时,通过稀疏非负矩阵分解算法,从带噪语音频谱中对语音字典和语音编码进行估计,重构原始干净的语音,实现语音增强。实验表明,该算法速度更快,增强后语音的失真更小,尤其在瞬时噪声环境下效果显著。     

基于非平滑非负矩阵分解语音增强

针对非负矩阵分解稀疏性不够,通过引入平滑矩阵调节字典矩阵和系数矩阵的稀疏性,提出基于非平滑非负矩阵分解语音增强算法。算法通过语音和噪声的先验字典学习构造联合字典矩阵;然后通过非平滑非负矩阵分解更新带噪语音在联合字典矩阵下的投影系数实现语音增强;同时通过滑动窗口法实时更新先验噪声字典。仿真结果表明,该算法相对非负矩阵分解语音增强算法和MMSE算法具有更好的抑制噪声能力。     

基于卷积非负矩阵部分联合分解的强噪声单声道语音分离

非负矩阵部分联合分解(Nonnegative matrix partial co-factorization, NMPCF)将指定源频谱作为边信息参与混合信号频谱的联合分解, 以帮助确定指定源的基向量进而提高信号分离性能.卷积非负矩阵分解(Convolutive nonnegative matrix factorization, CNMF)采用卷积基分解的方法进行矩阵分解, 在单声道语音分离方面取得较好的效果.为了实现强噪声条件下的语音分离, 本文结合以上两种算法的优势, 提出一种基于卷积非负矩阵部分联合分解(Convolutive nonnegative partial matrix co-factorization, CNMPCF)的单声道语音分离算法.本算法首先通过基音检测算法得到混合信号的语音起始点, 再据此确定混合信号中的纯噪声段, 最后将混合信号频谱和噪声频谱进行卷积非负矩阵部分联合分解, 得到语音基矩阵, 进而得到分离的语音频谱和时域信号.实验中, 混合语音信噪比(Signal noise ratio, SNR)选择以-3 dB为间隔从0 dB至-12 dB共5种SNR.实验结果表明, 在不同噪声类型和噪声强度条件下, 本文提出的CNMPCF方法相比于以上两种方法均有不同程度的提高.     

稀疏正则非负矩阵分解的语音增强算法

对于非负矩阵分解的语音增强算法在不同环境噪声的鲁棒性问题,提出一种稀疏正则非负矩阵分解（SRNMF）的语音增强算法。该算法不仅考虑到数据处理时的噪声影响,而且对系数矩阵进行了稀疏约束,使其分解出的数据具有较好的语音特征。该算法首先在对语音和噪声的幅度谱先验字典矩阵学习的基础上,构建联合字典矩阵,然后更新带噪语音幅度谱在联合字典矩阵下的系数矩阵,最后重构原始纯净语音,实现语音增强。实验结果表明,在非平稳噪声和低信噪比（小于0 dB）条件下,该算法较好地削弱了噪声的变化对算法性能的影响,不仅有较高的信源失真率（SDR）,提高了1~1.5个数量级,而且运算速度也有一定程度的提高,使得基于非负矩阵分解的语音增强算法更实用。     

自适应图正则化的低秩非负矩阵分解算法

图正则化(nonnegative matrix factorization,NMF)算法(graph regularization nonnegative matrix factorization,GNMF)仍存在一些不足之处:GNMF算法并没有考虑数据的低秩结构;在GNMF算法中,其拉普拉斯图是使用K近邻(K nea...     

基于非负矩阵分解的GPR高频杂波抑制

针对探地雷达（ground penetrating radar,GPR）采集数据时会产生高频杂波影响地下目标自动识别的问题。提出了一种基于变分贝叶斯的GPR图像非负矩阵分解方法（probability nonnegative matrix factorization,PNMF）。该方法使用变分贝叶斯模型对非负矩阵分解的基矩阵和系数矩阵进行近似推理,得到杂波成分的低秩矩阵表示,进而将杂波从图像中分离出来。实验过程采用模拟和实测数据进行对比分析,通过信噪比和视觉质量结果验证了PNMF对杂波有较好的抑制作用,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于稀疏约束的半监督非负矩阵分解算法

矩阵分解因可以实现大规模数据处理而具有十分广泛的应用。非负矩阵分解(Nonnegative Matrix Factorization,NMF)是一种在约束矩阵元素为非负的条件下进行的分解方法。利用少量已知样本的标注信息和大量未标注样本,并施加稀疏性约束,构造了一种新的算法——基于稀疏约束的半监督非负矩阵分解算法。推导了其有效的更新算法,并证明了该算法的收敛性。在常见的人脸数据库上进行了验证,实验结果表明CNMFS算法相对于NMF和CNMF等算法具有较好的稀疏性和聚类精度。     

稀疏低秩模型下的单通道自学习语音增强算法

针对现有基于字典学习的增强算法依赖先验信息的问题,基于矩阵的稀疏低秩分解提出一种无监督的单通道语音增强算法。该算法首先通过稀疏低秩分解将带噪语音的幅度谱分解为低秩、稀疏和噪声三部分,然后通过对低秩部分进行自学习构建出噪声字典,最后利用所得噪声字典和乘性迭代准则于低秩和稀疏部分中分离出纯净语音。相较于其他基于字典学习的语音增强算法,本文所提算法无需语音或噪声的先验信息,因而更加方便和实用。实验结果显示,本文算法能够在保留语音谐波结构的同时有效抑制噪声,增强效果明显优于鲁棒主成分分析和多带谱减法。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~