保持泊松噪声图像细节的快速变分去噪算法

去除医学、天文图像中的泊松噪声一直是人们关注的热点问题之一。在充分分析泊松去噪[α]-Le模型的基础上结合交替方向乘子（ADMM）算法,给出该模型一基于框式约束的快速求解算法,并证明了该算法的收敛性。数值实验结果表明,该算法在去噪的同时,不仅能很好地保留图像中的边缘及小细节特征,还能大幅提高运算效率。     

基于分数阶变分的图像泊松去噪模型

为了进一步提高图像去噪的效果,针对图像泊松噪声的特点,提出了一种有效的基于分数阶导数的图像泊松去噪的变分模型。该模型继承了全变分模型去噪效果良好的优点,并且很好地利用分数阶微分特有的幅频特性优势,在处理图像细节和纹理特征方面很好的保留了图像的“弱信息”。数值实验结果表明,该分数阶变分方法的去噪效果优于传统的整数阶变分方法,能很好地保留图像的边缘细节特征。     

一种PDE图像分解去噪模型及算法

通过分析ROF(Rudin,Osher and Fatemi)模型和LLT（lysaker,lundervold and Tai)模型在处理噪声图像时存在的缺陷,以及纹理部分和噪声部分之间的差异,将图像分解思想和ROF模型与LLT模型相结合,提出了一种新的分解去噪模型：DD(decomposition and denoising)模型。该模型在处理噪声图像时,将噪声图像分解为结构、纹理和噪声3部分,从而达到既去噪又能分解的目的。进一步通过仿真试验,验证了DD模型和算法的合理性及有效性。     

基于偏微分方程的肉品图像去噪对比研究

肉品中含有水分,或者切割过程中产生的脂肪碎屑或结缔组织,其可见光图像容易产生噪声。基于偏微分方程模型的算法去噪同时能够保持图像的某些特征,常见的有Perona-Malik模型、全变差ROF模型、Y-K四阶模型。通过对Lena图像加入高斯噪声和椒盐噪声,对比了三种模型的信噪比、方法噪声及运算时间。在此基础上,以猪肉图像为去噪对象,比较三种算法的性能。结果表明:ROF模型在去除噪声的同时,保持细节的能力强于其他两种模型,YK四阶偏微分方程模型能够去除噪声,但是图像模糊。去噪效果最差的是P-M模型。     

自适应广义全变差的图像泊松去噪算法

针对医学、天文图像中的泊松噪声,基于广义全变差的图像泊松去噪模型,结合交替迭代极小化方法,提出一种自适应广义全变差的图像去噪算法。该算法利用广义交叉验证技术,使得模型中的正则化参数在算法迭代过程中可以自动更新。数值实验结果验证了该算法的有效性与可行性。     

融合[L2]和KL保真项的图像恢复算法

为了有效抑制高斯-泊松混合噪声,针对调和模型不能有效保存图像的边缘细节信息和Kullback-Leibler散度作为保真项（KL保真项）的全变差图像恢复模型对光滑的区域部分去噪会产生“阶梯效应”的不足,提出一种针对高斯-泊松混合噪声去噪的图像恢复变分模型。该模型利用增广拉格朗日算法进行数值实现,将调和模型和全变分模型按照比例进行融合,结合两种模型的优点,增强模型的去噪性能;Kullback-Leibler散度作为保真项和[L2]保真项按照比例进行混合,能有效去除高斯-泊松混合噪声的同时,保护图像的边缘细节;使用多幅含不同混合噪声的图像进行对比实验,采用峰值信噪比、结构相似度指标评定图像的恢复效果。实验结果表明,该模型的峰值信噪比和结构相似度大于使用Kullback-Leibler散度作为保真项的全变差图像恢复（TV-KL）模型、改进MS模型（MRT）,以及保真项混合模型（MFT）这三个模型,并且计算的CPU时间更短,去噪效果得到明显改善。所提模型具有更好的去噪性能,有效地保持了图像细节和纹理特征方面的信息,获得了更理想的视觉效果,不仅能提高了图像质量,而且在客观上得到了有效的证实,可以应用于X射线图像去噪。     

改进的曲率滤波强噪声图像去噪方法

目的 医学影像获取和视频监控过程中会出现一些恶劣环境,导致图像有许多强噪声斑点,质量较差。在处理强噪声图像时,传统的基于变分模型的算法,因需要计算高阶偏微分方程,计算复杂且收敛较慢;而隐式使用图像曲率信息的曲率滤波模型,在处理强噪声图像时,又存在去噪不完全的缺陷。为了克服这些缺陷,在保持图像边缘和细节特征的同时去除图像的强噪声,实现快速去噪,提出了一种改进的曲率滤波算法。方法 本文算法在隐式计算曲率时,通过半窗三角切平面和最小三角切平面的组合,用投影算子代替传统曲率滤波的最小三角切平面投影算子,并根据强噪声图像存在强噪声斑点的特征,修正正则能量函数,增添局部方差的正则能量,使得正则项的约束更加合理,提高了算法的去噪性能,从而达到增强去噪能力和保护图像边缘与细节的目的。结果 针对多种不同强度的混合噪声图像对本文算法性能进行测试,并与传统的基于变分法的去噪算法（ROF）和曲率滤波去噪等算法进行去噪效果对比,同时使用峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）作为滤波算法性能的客观评价指标。本文算法在对强噪声图像去噪处理时,能够有效地保持图像的边缘和细节特征,具备较好的PSNR和SSIM,在PSNR上比ROF模型和曲率滤波算法分别平均提高1.67 dB和2.93 dB,SSIM分别平均提高0.29和0.26。由于采用了隐式计算图像曲率,算法的处理速度与曲率滤波算法相近。结论 根据强噪声图像噪声特征对曲率滤波算法进行优化,改进投影算子和能量函数正则项,使得曲率滤波算法能够更好地适用于强噪声图像,实验结果表明,该方法与传统的变分法相比,对强噪声图像去噪效果显著。     

一种基于变分模型的泊松-高斯噪声图像复原算法

为了改善已恢复图像的图像质量,提出一种基于变分模型的图像复原算法.首先通过多曝光图像成像算法重建出对于光照具有线性响应的亮度图像,并采用泊松-高斯噪声模型对图像退化过程进行建模;然后通过分析亮度图像的同态子块,将泊松-高斯噪声模型的未知参数估计问题转化为求解一个线性方程组;再根据贝叶斯公式和最大后验概率准则推导出一个具有严格凸函数性质的变分模型,其最优解即为对于无噪图像的最优估计;最后利用最小二乘法以及最速下降法分别对噪声的参数以及无噪图像进行估计.实验结果表明,本文算法能够在抑制噪声的同时保证图像的细节与图像质量.     

一种求解带有冲击噪声的图像去模糊去噪问题的变步长分裂Bregman算法

分裂Bregman算法是一种有效的求解L1正则化问题的算法,Chen等人结合线性化、变步长、非单调等技术,改进了固定步长的分裂Bregman算法,提出了变步长分裂Bregman算法(BOSVS),并将该算法用于求解带有高斯噪声的图像去模糊去噪问题,其数值实验结果令人满意.但是它不能求解带有冲击噪声的图像去模糊去噪问题,我们在BOSVS算法基础上,提出了一种新的变步长分裂Bregman算法,用于求解带有冲击噪声的图像去模糊去噪问题.该算法一方面保留了BOSVS算法的线性化、变步长、非单调等特点;另一方面通过在原模型目标函数上增加一个L1正则项,使得模型不仅可以处理高斯噪声,还可以处理冲击噪声,因而适用范围比BOSVS算法更为广泛.初步数值实验结果表明,新算法得到结果的质量明显优于FTVd,且计算时间、算法效率也较有竞争力.     

一种基于偏微分方程变分去噪模型

近年来,国内外学者对于泊松噪声的研究越来越多,在TV模型的基础上提出了不少二阶去噪模型,它们在有效去除噪声的同时,很好地保护了图像边缘细节,但是共同的缺点是产生了“块效应”。针对这一不足,文中提出了一种四阶去噪模型,运用变分原理得到了其相应的欧拉拉格朗日方程,并用梯度下降法求解拉格朗日方程。文中运用差分法对该模型进行了数值求解与仿真,实验结果表明,提出的方法不仅去噪效果良好,而且有效改善了二阶去噪模型中出现的“块效应”,同时有效保护了边缘细节。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate