多声路超声波流量计在引水明渠中的流量测量分析

介绍了多声路超声波流量计在明渠中的流量测量原理,并通过多声路时差式超声波流量计在引水明渠上的实例应用对影响流量测量的误差源进行了具体的分析。     

物位测量传感器的选型设计与应用

以600MW大型火力发电厂“飞灰/底渣岛”的生产现场应用实例为背景，从物位测量的传感器的测量原理，选型设计、新技术应用、PLC/DCS接口等多角度去判断、分析、解决实际问题。     

CY—20型便携式扭振测量分析仪及共应用

介绍ＣＹ－２０扭振测量分析仪的工作原理，ＣＹ－２０，ＥＸＥ软件的功能及使用，给出应用实例。     

低能X射线替代~（55）Fe测厚的研究

对比分析了X射线和55Fe对物体厚度测量的原理以及在实际应用中的优缺点,介绍了X射线测厚仪的结构构成,各部分实现原理和具体实现方案、措施,并针对X射线和55Fe的现场测厚进行对比实验。     

Profibus现场总线通讯技术的应用研究

鉴于通信问题是现场总线控制系统集成的一个主要问题,本文探讨了现场总线的拓扑结构,以Profibus-DP工控网为基础,分析了其通信机理和链接方式,并建立了基于PLC的主从站式控制现场总线网络.阐述了实现Profibus-DP变频器控制通讯的原理及方法,并结合具体实例介绍了西门子PLC之间以及和ABB变频器的总线通讯.     

集成锁相环CD4046在电力参数测试仪中的应用

介绍了集成锁相环CD4046的工作原理及其内部结构,给出了CD4046在电力参数测试中的具体应用实例,并给出了实际测量的参数和锁相频率稳定范围。     

DS1820与LonWorks现场总线测温系统

本文介绍了单线制数字式温度传感器DS1820的测温原理、测温步骤以及工程应用中的几个实际问题,并结合LonWorks现场总线节点给出一个测量单点温度的例子,然后阐明了测量多点温度的方法。此实例可进一步推广到适合传感器温度量程的其它温度控制系统中去。     

出线套管段GIB回路电阻测量方法应用研究

GIS设备的回路电阻测量是交接试验和预防性试验项目之一,通过回路电阻测量,可以检查回路的完整性,发现接触不良等缺陷,是保证设备安全运行的重要手段。GIS线路间隔回路电阻测量时,难点是出线套管段GIB回路电阻测量,出线套管段GIB距离一般都比较长,采用常规测量方法存在电流线展放及收线工作量大,时间长等缺点,现场结合线路停电检修时需要在出线套管引流线上挂一组三相短路接地线的特点,提出了一种利用线路三相短路接地线作为相间短接线测量出线套管段GIB回路电阻的方法,详细阐述了该方法的测量原理、现场试验接线,并结合现场应用实例对测量数据进行对比分析,证明了该方法测量数据与常规测量方法测量数据具有较好的等效性,可以代替常规测量方法开展出线套管段GIB回路电阻测量,提出应用该方法的注意事项。     

一种表面位置检测系统及其应用研究

基于电磁感应原理,设计了一种新型天线系统,以此为基础提出了一种平面位置感测系统.分析了该传感系统的检测原理,讨论了传感系统的设计方法、检测的过程与算法.给出了系统设计方案及具体应用实例.该方案工艺简单,可以实现表面位置的非接触测量,并可进一步推广到不规则表面的位置检测.     

BSWK—3啤酒杀菌机温度自控装置

介绍一种由铠装铂热电阻、STB-38 S型智能调节器和气动薄膜调节阀组成的啤酒杀菌机自控装置:具体介绍了该装置的工作原理、组成及其特点,还介绍了软件设计.现场调试,并给出应用实例.     

基于单片机的发动机振动速度、位移和加速度测量方法

本文介绍了一种基于单片机的发动机振动速度、位移和加速度测量方法。该方法首先对发动机的振动传感器信号进行高、低通滤波,然后通过模拟开关将其转化为电压信号,再经过RMS幅值测量元件和压频转换器转变成频率信号,由单片机对频率信号进行计数、计算和显示测量结果。对振动速度进行积分和微分,可得到振动位移和加速度,实测结果表明,该方法可以有效地减少环境因素对电子元件的影响,提高测量精度。     

支承舱减振性能分析

支承舱是运载火箭与航天器之间的重要连接结构,支承舱的振动特性是力学环境设计需要考虑的因素之一.本文从振动环境控制的角度进行支承舱结构动力学分析,阐述了一种基于支承舱振动特性研究的改善航天器力学环境的方法.在有限元建模过程中,引入了材料级性能试验.计算并比较了不同材料支承舱结构对航天器振动环境的作用,比较了连接面形式对振动环境的影响.基于分析结果给出了进一步研究的建议.     

Identification of effective engineering methods for controlling handheld workpiece vibration in grinding processes

The objective of this study is to identify effective engineering methods for controlling handheld workpiece vibration during grinding processes. Prolonged and intensive exposures to such vibration can cause hand-arm vibration syndrome among workers performing workpiece grinding, but how to effectively control these exposures remains an important issue. This study developed a methodology for performing their analyses and evaluations based on a model of the entire grinding machine-workpiece-hand-arm system. The model can simulate the vibration responses of a workpiece held in the worker's hands and pressed against a grinding wheel in order to shape the workpiece in the major frequency range of concern (6.3–1600 Hz). The methodology was evaluated using available experimental data. The results suggest that the methodology is acceptable for these analyses and evaluations. The results also suggest that the workpiece vibration resulting from the machine vibration generally depends on two mechanisms or pathways: (1) the direct vibration transmission from the grinding machine; and (2) the indirect transmission that depends on both the machine vibration transmission to the workpiece and the interface excitation transformation to the workpiece vibration. The methodology was applied to explore and/or analyze various engineering methods for controlling workpiece vibrations. The modeling results suggest that while these intervention methods have different advantages and limitations, some of their combinations can effectively reduce the vibration exposures of grinding workers. These findings can be used as guidance for selecting and developing more effective technologies to control handheld workpiece vibration exposures.     

流固耦合动力学与控制专题序

围绕管道流固耦合振动建模理论与方法、流致振动与控制、涡激振动抑制等研究主题,本专刊介绍了流固耦合动力学与控制领域的一些研究成果.     

中立型时滞反馈扭转控制系统的稳定性分析

研究了中立型时滞动力吸振器抑制扭转系统的振动问题.针对一类强迫扭转振动系统,采用动力系统的稳定性理论分析了动力吸振器与扭转振动系统的稳定性问题,以时滞为参数,分别得到了动力吸振器与扭转振动系统的稳定区域,并研究时滞变化时动力吸振器对于主振动系统振动的吸收效果,通过与时滞动力吸振器对比,得到了更大的吸振器和减振系统时滞稳定工作区域,通过数值模拟验证了结论的正确性.     

Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs in professional drivers of terrain vehicles--a cross sectional study

This study compares the prevalence of symptoms of Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs, between professional drivers of terrain vehicles and a referent group. 769 male professional drivers of forest machines, snowmobiles, snowgroomers and reindeer herders and 296 randomly selected male referents completed a questionnaire about symptoms of HAVS and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs. They also gave information about their lifetime exposure duration driving terrain vehicles and their nicotine use. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) were determined and adjusted for age and nicotine use. Results show that there is a relation between exposure to driving terrain vehicles and some of the symptoms of HAVS (POR: 1.2–6.1). Increased odds of musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders and wrists were also found (POR 1.2–6.4), and it seemed to be related to the cumulative exposure time.     

An examination of the vibration transmissibility of the hand-arm system in three orthogonal directions

The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of the vibration transmission in the hand-arm system in three orthogonal directions (X, Y, and Z). For the first time, the transmitted vibrations distributed on the entire hand-arm system exposed in the three orthogonal directions via a 3-D vibration test system were measured using a 3-D laser vibrometer. Seven adult male subjects participated in the experiment. This study confirms that the vibration transmissibility generally decreased with the increase in distance from the hand and it varied with the vibration direction. Specifically, to the upper arm and shoulder, only moderate vibration transmission was measured in the test frequency range (16 to 500 Hz), and virtually no transmission was measured in the frequency range higher than 50 Hz. The resonance vibration on the forearm was primarily in the range of 16–30 Hz with the peak amplitude of approximately 1.5 times of the input vibration amplitude. The major resonance on the dorsal surfaces of the hand and wrist occurred at around 30–40 Hz and, in the Y direction, with peak amplitude of more than 2.5 times of the input amplitude. At higher than 50 Hz, vibration transmission was effectively limited to the hand and fingers. A major finger resonance was observed at around 100 Hz in the X and Y directions and around 200 Hz in the Z direction. In the fingers, the resonance magnitude in the Z direction was generally the lowest, and the resonance magnitude in the Y direction was generally the highest with the resonance amplitude of 3 times the input vibration, which was similar to the transmissibility at the wrist and hand dorsum. The implications of the results are discussed.Relevance to industryProlonged, intensive exposure to hand-transmitted vibration could result in hand-arm vibration syndrome. While the syndrome's precise mechanisms remain unclear, the characterization of the vibration transmissibility of the system in the three orthogonal dimensions performed in this study can help understand the syndrome and help develop improved frequency weightings for assessing the risk of the exposure for developing various components of the syndrome.     

某型飞机振动传感器试验器的研制

为测试某型飞机振动传感器性能,采用背靠背比较法振动测试方法,基于苏试振动台(VT-500)、功率放大器(LA-800)、单轴向电荷输出型加速度标准传感器(Ymc222A25)、电荷放大器(Ymc8102T)、普源信号发生器(DG1032Z)以及研华PCI工控机与A/D板卡(PCI-1716L),搭建振动传感器试验器振动测试平台,以DG1032Z输出作为振动激励信号源,基于VC ++6.0开发出信号发生器远程控制与板卡信号采集软件,对试验器的功能进行试验验证,结果表明其有效性.所研制的试验器可实现振动信号源的产生与标准/被测信号的校准,从而为某型飞机振动传感器的测试与修理提供技术支撑.     

The relationships between hand coupling force and vibration biodynamic responses of the hand-arm system

This study conducted two series of experiments to investigate the relationships between hand coupling force and biodynamic responses of the hand–arm system. In the first experiment, the vibration transmissibility on the system was measured as a continuous function of grip force while the hand was subjected to discrete sinusoidal excitations. In the second experiment, the biodynamic responses of the system subjected to a broadband random vibration were measured under five levels of grip forces and a combination of grip and push forces. This study found that the transmissibility at each given frequency increased with the increase in the grip force before reaching a maximum level. The transmissibility then tended to plateau or decrease when the grip force was further increased. This threshold force increased with an increase in the vibration frequency. These relationships remained the same for both types of vibrations. The implications of the experimental results are discussed.

Practitioner Summary: Shocks and vibrations transmitted to the hand–arm system may cause injuries and disorders of the system. How to take hand coupling force into account in the risk assessment of vibration exposure remains an important issue for further studies. This study is designed and conducted to help resolve this issue.     

Subjective discomfort caused by vertical whole-body vibration in the frequency range 2–100 Hz

Current standards assume the same frequency weightings for discomfort at all magnitudes of vibration, whereas biodynamic and psychological studies show that the frequency-dependence of objective and subjective responses of the human body depends on the magnitude of vibration. This study investigated the discomfort of seated human body caused by vertical whole-body vibration over the frequency range 2–100?Hz at relatively high magnitudes from 1.0 to 2.5?ms^?2 r.m.s. Twenty-eight subjects (15 males and 13 females) judged the discomfort using the absolute magnitude estimation method. The rate of growth of discomfort with increasing vibration magnitude was highly dependent on the frequency, so the shapes of the equivalent comfort contours depended on the magnitude of vibration and no single frequency weighting would be appropriate for all magnitudes. The equivalent comfort contours indicated that the standards and previous relevant studies underestimated the vibration discomfort at frequencies greater than about 30?Hz.

Practitioner Summary: The discomfort caused by vertical vibration at relatively high frequencies can be severe, particularly at relatively great magnitudes in transport. This study provides the frequency-dependence of vibration discomfort at 2–100?Hz, and shows how the frequency weightings in the current standards can be improved at relatively high frequencies.