基于交换以太网的网络并行计算系统中通信性能的分析与测试

网络通信性能是影响网络并行计算的重要原因，而交换式网络的出现有助于改变这状况，本定量地分析了基于交换式以太网的网络并行计算系统中的端到端通信和多目的发送两种通信方式的通信性能。并对一个典型的并行计算实例－－并行距阵乘法进行了性能评测。通过与基于共享式以太网的网络并行计算系统中测试结果的对比，我们可以看出交换式以太网对改进网络并行计算性能的重要作用。     

基于OPNET的交换式以太网实时性仿真分析

以太网的通信不确定性是其应用于实时性要求较高的工业控制系统中的障碍.交换式以太网的出现使这一问题得到了改善.研究了传统以太网和交换式以太网的网络时延问题,根据网络中央节点设备的不同,通过构建工业以太网模型,研究不同负载下网络的性能仿真结果表明了交换式以太网良好的实时性能.     

不同网络结构的交换式以太网最大时延的研究

以太网的实时通信不确定性是其应用于实时性要求较高的工业控制系统中的障碍。交换式以太网的出现使这一问题得到了改善。采用网络演算理论作为以太网实时性能的分析方法，计算出星形和树形两种不同网络结构的交换式以太网的最大网络时延，分析了不同负载和不同数据量的情况下两种拓扑的实时性能，证明了交换式以太网良好的实时性能以及应用于实时工业控制中的可行性，并提出将以太网应用于高速磁浮列车的运行控制系统中的方案，保证了磁浮列车中信息的实时传输。     

高速以太网技术和交换式以太网技术剖析

高速以太网和交换式以太网技术是解决传统以太网的带宽危机的两项重要技术。本文中，首先对高速以太网和交换式以太网技术进行了深入，全面地分析，最后，针对结合这两项技术的产品ＦａｓｔＳｗｉｔｃｈ１０／１００利用对等通信性能的测试程序，对这现代项技术所带来的性能改进进行了定量分析。     

煤矿井下电网区域联锁保护方案及其实时性研究

针对煤矿井下供电系统通信网络无法满足数据传输实时性、可靠性的要求,很难同时实现保护速动性和选择性的问题,提出了基于交换式以太网的区域联锁保护方案,并采用OPNET网络仿真软件对交换式以太网进行了实时性研究。该方案采用树形结构的交换式以太网,在各综合保护装置上增加具备以太网通信接口的智能联锁装置,组成区域联锁系统。仿真结果表明,在同时有64个网络节点收发数据的极端情况下,网络整体延时最大值不超过0.65ms,端到端最大延时不超过1ms,整体数据收发流量比较平稳,说明交换式以太网具有很高的稳定性和可靠性,能够满足本区域联锁保护系统实时性要求,防止越级跳闸事故发生。     

基于交换式以太网的可靠顺序广播

广播通信广泛应用于分布式应用或并行计算环境,文章充分利用交换式以太网路由所使用的生成树协议,提出了一种新的基于交换式以太网的可靠顺序广播协议。     

基于交换式以太网的数控系统通信和时间同步机制

以交换技术为基础的交换式以太网采用了全双工和微网段工作方式,避免了总线冲突,大大提高了以太网的实时性能,逐步成为以太网实时性问题的一个重要研究方向.本文在分析数控加工过程中数据流特点的基础上,研究了将交换式以太网作为数控系统通信网络的实时通信机制和时间同步问题,设计了交换机的服务策略和基于网络演算理论的调度算法,提出一种以交换机为主时钟的时间同步方法.经过原型系统验证表明这种基于交换式以太网的数控系统能良好的满足数据加工要求.     

基于软件的实时交换式以太网性能测试

本文简要介绍了在交换式以太网环境下采用流量控制来实现实时通信的方法,然后着重讲述如何对基于软件的实时交换式以太网进行测试,以验证采用流量控制后是否改善了网络的性能。测试的内容主要有:延迟、抖动、丢包率。测试表明,通过流量控制可以有效实现以太网环境下的实时通信。     

交换式以太网用于航电系统的分析

本文通过说明传统航空数据总线的不足,指出采用开放式系统结构的数据通信网络是航电系统发展的必然趋势。分析了提高以太网实时性和确定性的方法及将以太网用于航电系统的优势。介绍了用于航电系统的交换式以太网结构。最后,提出进一步改进以太网性能的途径。     

基于交换式以太网的嵌入式控制系统

分析了工业以太网和嵌入式系统的优点以及将两有机结合起来的现实意义。介绍了基于交换式以太网的嵌入式控制系统的硬件组成，论证了系统的实时性和可靠性，并对设计开发的通信控制系统进行了分析。给出了通信控制软件的流程及仿真结果。     

网络并行计算环境中网络通信开销的分析与测试

网络通信开销是影响网络并行计算的重要原因，但精确定量分析网络通信销中各个组成部分的报道不多。本文利用精度可达０．１微秒的计时工具，定量地分析了以太网中广泛使用的ＮｅｔＷａｒｅ网络操作系统的网络层／传输层通信协议ＩＰＸ／ＳＰＸ与ＮｅｔＢＩＯＳ仿真会话层通信协议的性能，研究了网络通信销的主要因素，从而找出提高网络通信性能的途径。     

网络并行超级计算系统THNPSC—1

网络并行计算（也称集群式计算）是实现高性能计算的重要方式,该文介绍了一个清华大学研制的网络并行超级计算系统THNPSC－1,它是由Pentium Ⅲ SMP计算结点组成;网络互联采用两种高速网：一种是自制的具有动态仲裁与路由寻经的交叉开关网络THNet,另一种是100Mpbs的Ethernet.THNet中的交叉开关THSwitch是用15万门的ALTERA FPGA芯片构成,THNet还包括具有DMA引擎的网络适配器THNIA.THNet每一端口可以提供数据传输率为1．056Gbps,其聚合频宽可达8．4Gbps;采用固定用户缓冲和扩展的主动消息传递等法,THNet执行用户层的消息传递,旁路操作系统的系统调用,做到零拷贝的消息传递,乒乓测试结果表明：单向消息传递延迟可减少到8μs。THNetl软件包括THNIA驱动程序和支持用户层通信的函数库。此文对相关工作进行了简要对比,并说明了该系统的应用情况。     

MPI网络并行计算系统通信性能及并行计算性能的研究

本文研究了基于ＰｅｎｔｉｕｍＰＣ和１００Ｍｂｐｓ交换工以太网的机群系统的ＭＰＩ并行计算环境的通信及并行计算性能，并将其模型化。并且通过对典型应用实例的测试，分析了通信性能对并行计算性能的影响。     

TCP／IP协议对快速网络的作用分析

1 引文 Myrinet和Gigabit-Ethernet是当今世界上性能最好的两种可以运用于局域网的高性能并行计算的网络系统。它们以其高效、高速的传输特点在广泛的领域里得到了好评。但是,这两种同样是高端的网络产品,其实现的技术在很多方面却是大相径庭的。而在当今的网络协议中,TCP/IP协议是当然的主角。无论是万维网(WWW),还是一般的局域网(LAN),我们都曾经,或者正在使用TCP/IP协议。对于TCP/IP协议,Myrinet和Gigabit-Ethernet有着不同选择。虽然对于Myrinet来说,用户能够直接挂接TCP/IP     

Heterogeneous parallel and distributed computing

Heterogeneous network-based distributed and parallel computing is gaining increasing acceptance as an alternative or complementary paradigm to multiprocessor-based parallel processing as well as to conventional supercomputing. While algorithmic and programming aspects of heterogeneous concurrent computing are similar to their parallel processing counterparts, system issues, partitioning and scheduling, and performance aspects are significantly different. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of heterogeneous concurrent computing, in the context of the parallel virtual machine (PVM) system, a widely adopted software system for network computing. In particular, we highlight the system level infrastructures that are required, aspects of parallel algorithm development that most affect performance, system capabilities and limitations, and tools and methodologies for effective computing in heterogeneous networked environments. We also present recent developments and experiences in the PVM project, and comment on ongoing and future work.     

CC-NUMA架构下4路龙芯3B服务器设计与实现

针对特定领域中服务器的高性能计算、高带宽通信以及自主可控需求,在分析龙芯3B3000处理器架构特点的基础上,设计了基于CC NUMA并行处理架构的4路龙芯3B3000高性能服务器核心模块,通过使用TOE芯片提高了网络响应效率,同时大幅降低了10G以太网接口对处理器资源的占用消耗,有效提高了服务器的综合性能。通过测试验证,该服务器能够实现高效的并行计算能力和10G以太网通信能力,且国产元器件种类占比和数量占比均可达95%以上。     

基于VxWorks的CAN-Ethernet嵌入式网关的设计与实现

在综合分析现有的现场总线设备到以太网的通信实现方案后,提出了基于高性能网络处理器加CAN总线控制器的网关的解决方案。重点阐述了基于VxWroks嵌入式实时操作系统,实现CAN-Ethernet嵌入式网关的关键技术和具体方法。     

Performance-based path determination for interprocessorcommunication in distributed computing systems

The different types of messages used by a parallel application program executing in a distributed computing system can each have unique characteristics so that no single communication network can produce the lowest latency for all messages. For instance, short control messages may be sent with the lowest overhead on one type of network, such as Ethernet, while bulk data transfers may be better suited to a different type of network, such as Fibre Channel or HIPPI. This work investigates how to exploit multiple heterogeneous communication networks that interconnect the same set of processing nodes using a set of techniques we call performance-based path determination (PBPD). The performance-based path selection (PBPS) technique selects the best (lowest latency) network among several for each individual message to reduce the communication overhead of parallel programs. The performance-based path aggregation (PBPA) technique, on the other hand, aggregates multiple networks into a single virtual network to increase the available bandwidth. We test the PBPD techniques on a cluster of SGI multiprocessors interconnected with Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and HiPPI networks using a custom communication library built on top of the TCP/IP protocol layers. We find that PBPS can reduce communication overhead in applications compared to using either network alone, while aggregating networks into a single virtual network can reduce communication latency for bandwidth-limited applications. The performance of the PBPD techniques depends on the mix of message sizes in the application program and the relative overheads of the networks, as demonstrated in our analytical models     

Parallel Computing on an Ethernet Cluster of Workstations: Opportunities and Constraints

Parallel computing on clusters of workstations is receiving much attention from the research community. Unfortunately, many aspects of parallel computing over this parallel computing engine is not very well understood. Some of these issues include the workstation architectures, the network protocols, the communication-to-computation ratio, the load balancing strategies, and the data partitioning schemes. The aim of this paper is to assess the strengths and limitations of a cluster of workstations by capturing the effects of the above issues. This has been achieved by evaluating the performance of this computing environment in the execution of a parallel ray tracing application through analytical modeling and extensive experimentation. We were successful in illustrating the effect of major factors on the performance and scalability of a cluster of workstations connected by an Ethernet network. Moreover, our analytical model was accurate enough to agree closely with the experimental results. Thus, we feel that such an investigation would be helpful in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of an Ethernet cluster of workstation in the execution of parallel applications.     

Employing transport layer multi-railing in cluster networks

Building clusters from commodity off-the-shelf parts is a well-established technique for building inexpensive medium- to large-size computing clusters. Many commodity mid-range motherboards come with multiple Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, and the low cost per port for Gigabit Ethernet makes switches inexpensive as well. Our objective in this work is to take advantage of multiple inexpensive Gigabit network cards and Ethernet switches to enhance the communication and reliability performance of a cluster. Unlike previous approaches that take advantage of multiple network connections for multi-railing, we consider CMT (Concurrent Multipath Transfer) that extends SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol), a transport protocol developed by the IETF, to make use of the multiple paths that exist between two hosts. In this work, we explore the applicability of CMT in the transport layer of the network stack to high-performance computing environments. We develop SCTP-based MPI (Message Passing Interface) middleware for MPICH2 and Open MPI, and evaluate the reliability and communication performance of the system. Using Open MPI with support for message striping over multiple paths at the middleware level, we compare the differences in supporting multi-railing in the middleware versus at the transport layer.