面向节点异构GPU集群的编程框架

基于异构GPU集群的主流编程方法是MPI与CUDA的混合编程或者其简单变形。因为对底层的集群架构不透明,程序员对GPU集群采用MPI与CUDA编写应用程序时需要人为考虑硬件计算资源,复杂度高、可移植性差。为此,基于数据流模型设计和实现面向节点异构GPU集群体系结构的新型编程框架分布式并行编程框架(DISPAR)。 DISPAR框架包含2个子系统：(1)代码转换系统StreamCC,是DISPAR源代码到MPI+CUDA代码的自动转换器。(2)任务分配系统StreamMAP,具有自动发现异构计算资源和任务自动映射功能的运行时系统。实验结果表明,该框架有效简化了GPU集群应用程序的编写,可高效地利用异构GPU集群的计算资源,且程序不依赖于硬件平台,可移植性较好。     

基于SMP集群的MPI+CUDA模型的研究与实现

为了研究GPU的通用计算能力和适合SMP集群的编程模型,首次提出MPI+CUDA多粒度混合并行编程的新方法,节点间采用MPI实现粗粒度并行,节点内采用CUDA实现细粒度并行的混合编程方式.利用此方法在搭建的3节点SMP集群环境中,测试了大规模矩阵乘问题的并行计算能力.实验结果表明,该方法能够显著提升并行效率,同时证明MPI+CUDA混合编程模型能够充分发挥SMP集群节点间分布式存储和节点内共享内存的优势,为装有CUDA-enabled GPU的SMP集群提供了一种有效的并行策略.     

面向通用计算GPU集群的任务自动分配系统

当前GPU集群的主流编程模型是MPI与CUDA的松散耦合,采用这种编程模型进行编程,存在编程复杂度大、程序的可移植性差、执行效率低等问题。为此,提出一种面向通用计算GPU集群的任务自动分配系统StreamMAP。对编译器进行改造,以编译制导的方式提供集群任务的计算资源需求,通过运行时系统动态地发现、建立并维护系统资源拓扑,设计一种较为契合GPU集群应用特征的任务分配策略。实验结果表明,StreamMAP系统能降低集群应用程序的编程复杂度,使之较为高效地利用GPU集群的计算资源,且程序的可移植性和可扩展性也得到了保证。     

面向节点异构GPU集群的能量有效调度方案

GPU集群已经成为高性能计算(HPC)领域的主流组件。随着处理单元的发展和集群节点的拓展,GPU集群将在节点层面趋于异构化。提出一套针对异构任务在节点异构GPU集群上的能量有效调度方案。形式化地描述其任务和资源模型以及能耗评估模型。通过特定的节点选择策略,减少空闲状态的能耗损失。通过任务类型划分和组合分配以及DVFS,增加CPU资源利用率。该方案从系统层面着手,能够与现有的算法和指令层面的优化方法兼容。     

应用GPU集群加速计算蛋白质分子场

针对生物化学计算中采用量子化学理论计算蛋白质分子场所带来的巨大计算量的问题,搭建起一个GPU集群系统,用来加速计算基于量子化学的蛋白质分子场.该系统采用消息传递并行编程环境(MPI)连接集群各结点,以开放多线程OpenMP编程标准作为多核CPU编程环境,以CUDA语言作为GPU编程环境,提出并实现了集群系统结点中GPU和多核CPU协同计算的并行加速架构优化设计.在保持较高计算精度的前提下,结合MPI,OpenMP和CUDA混合编程模式,大大提高了系统的计算性能,并对不同体系和规模的蛋白质分子场模拟进行了计算分析.与相应的CPU集群、GPU单机和CPU单机计算方法对比,该GPU集群大幅度地提高了高分辨率复杂蛋白质分子场模拟的计算效率,比CPU集群的平均计算加速比提高了7.5倍.     

面向大数据复杂应用的GPU协同计算模型

大数据计算中存在流计算、内存计算、批计算和图计算等不同模式,各种计算模式有不同的访存、通信和资源利用等特征。GPU异构集群在大数据分析处理中得到广泛应用,然而缺少研究GPU异构集群在大数据分析中的计算模型。多核CPU与GPU协同计算时不仅增加了计算资源的密度,而且提高节点间和节点内的通信复杂度。为了从理论上研究GPU与多核CPU协同计算问题,面向多种计算模式建立一个多阶段的协同计算模型（p-DCOT）。p-DCOT以BSP大同步并行模型为核心,将协同计算过程分成数据层、计算层和通信层三个层次,并且延用DOT模型的矩阵来形式化描述计算和通信行为。通过扩展p-DOT模型描述节点内和节点间的协同计算行为,细化了负载均衡的参数并证明时间成本函数,最后用典型计算作业验证模型及参数分析的有效性。该协同计算模型可成为揭示大数据分析处理中协同计算行为的工具。     

CORBA事件服务及其在分布式并行计算中的应用

1 引言随着网络技术的飞速发展和日益完善,分布式并行程序设计已经成为软件开发的主流技术之一。在分布式并行计算环境中,异构分布式环境中资源的透明存取和系统中各个异构节点间的通信问题是一个主要问题。OMG提出的CORBA规范,能很好地解决异构系统中面向对象的应用之间的通信问题,因此CORBA适合作为分布式并行应用程序的中间件。 CORBA的基本通信模型是同步通信,而在分布式并     

异构GPU集群的任务调度方法研究及实现

GPU集群已经成为高性能计算的重要方式,特别对于计算密集型应用,具有成本低、性能高、功耗小的优势.为了解决GPU集群系统运行中的任务负载均衡问题,文中提出了一种面向计算密集型应用的异构GPU集群调度方法,该方法可以自动发现计算节点,并动态估计计算节点的计算能力,并根据计算能力、任务的计算强度和优先级在异构GPU集群上合理分配计算资源.同时,该系统还具有容错能力,能够处理计算节点的意外退出,可恢复意外退出计算节点的计算任务,并动态适应系统的计算规模.通过实验表明,文中采用的策略达到了预期目的     

面向GPU异构并行系统的多任务流编程模型

传统并行编程模型和框架不能有效利用和发挥GPU异构并行系统特点,应用开发难度大,性能优化困难,文中采用混合编程模型思想,建立了一种以协处理器为中心的GPU计算核心与CPU控制相融合的多任务流编程模型.模型将并行任务与CUDA流相结合,利用系统硬件并行性特点实现程序任务级和数据级并行;采用任务间消息通信和任务内数据共享通信方式,既保证对传统并行应用的继承又降低了不同存储空间给应用开发带来的复杂性和难度.基于该编程模型实现了一个运行时支持系统原型,测试结果表明可保证高效的数据通信,且能充分利用系统计算能力,提高了应用程序运行效率.     

基于MPI的动态负载平衡算法的研究

MPI是目前集群系统中最重要的并行编程工具,它采用消息传递的方式实现并行程序间通信.在MPI并行程序设计中实现负载平衡有着重要的意义,可以减少运行时间,提高MPI并行程序的性能.为了解决同构集群中动态负载均衡问题,提出了一种在MPI并行程序中实现的方法,可有效地根据节点的负载情况在节点间迁移任务.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate