标架丛上的局部特征联络学习算法

人脸识别问题中,经常会面临样本少的情况,在身份证识别、电子护照识别等系统中,甚至只有一个训练样本,很多传统人脸识别方法在处理单样本时将失效。从流形学习角度出发提出了一种有效解决单样本人脸识别的方法。以自组织映射神经网络为基础,将人脸局部特征(眼、鼻、嘴等)视为一个流形,训练出多流形结构。利用联络关联不同的流形,同时学习出局部特征流形间与流形内的方向变化信息,再进行有监督的训练。整个方法结合了神经网络学习和流形学习,将单样本人脸识别问题转换成多流形匹配问题。在著名人脸库ORL、UMIST、FERET、AR上的实验显示该算法在处理单样本问题时优于已有算法,在处理姿态、表情等变化问题时也表现出很好的效果。     

基于主动表观模型的稀疏聚类人脸识别算法

在复杂的非人脸成分干扰以及训练样本过大、训练样本之间相似度较高的条件下,原始稀疏表示分类(SRC)算法识别准确率较低。针对上述问题,提出一种基于主动表观模型的稀疏聚类(CS-AAM)人脸识别算法。首先,利用主动表观模型快速、准确地对人脸特征点进行定位,获取主要人脸信息;然后,对训练样本进行K-means聚类,将相似程度高的图像分为一类,计算聚类中心,将该中心作为原子构造过完备字典并进行稀疏分解;最后,计算稀疏系数和重构残差对人脸图像进行分类、识别。将该算法与最近邻(NN)、支持向量机(SVM)、稀疏表示分类(SRC)、协同表示分类(CRC)人脸识别算法在ORL和Extended Yale B人脸数据库上对不同样本数及不同维数的人脸图像分别进行识别率测试,在相同样本数或相同维数情况下CS-AAM算法识别率均高于其他算法。在ORL人脸库中选取样本数为210时,相同维数条件下CS-AAM算法识别率为95.2%;在Extended Yale B人脸库上选取样本数为600时,CS-AAM算法识别率为96.8%。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高人脸图像的识别准确率。     

HOG和多流形判别分析相融合的人脸识别

为了提高人脸的识别率,提出一种方向梯度直方图和多流形判别分析相融合的人脸识别算法。将一幅图像划分为多个子块图像块,并采用方向梯度直方图算法对每一个小块进行处理;采用多流形判别分析提取特征,并采用最小二乘支持向量机建立分类器对人脸进行分类和识别;在Yale和AR人脸库进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,相对于传统人脸别算法,该算法不仅提高了人脸识别率和识别速度,并且对光照和姿态变化具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于超特征块模型的人脸识别技术研究与实现

基于超特征块模型的人脸识别算法在训练样本很少,甚至为单个训练样本时,能取得较好的识别效果。相比于目前流行的人脸识别算法,该技术具有更好的实用价值,它解决了人脸识别技术中对单训练样本所导致识别率较低的难题。采用ORL人脸图像库的实验结果表明,该算法在单训练样本的情况下识别率仍然较高。     

动态时间规整优化局部分块匹配的人脸识别

针对现实人脸识别中姿势、光照、表情变化及遮挡等严重影响识别性能的问题,提出了一种基于动态时间规整优化局部分块匹配的户外人脸识别算法。将人脸图像划分成若干大小相等且互不重叠的局部小块;借助于光栅扫描顺序将各个小块按照前额、眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴和下巴的顺序连接成一个单一序列;计算查询人脸与注册人脸之间图像到类的距离,利用动态时间规整的设计思想寻找查询序列与所有注册序列之间的最佳对齐方式。在三个公开人脸数据库LFW、AR及YouTube上的实验验证了该方法的有效性及可靠性,实验结果表明,相比其他几种较为先进的人脸识别方法,该方法取得了更高的识别率,此外,该方法无需任何训练过程,计算成本低。     

基于分块2DPCA的人脸识别方法

为进一步提高分块二维主成分分析(2DPCA)算法在人脸识别的识别率,提出一种人脸识别算法.将训练样本人脸矩阵按光照等相似条件进行分块并进行类内平均归一化;采用2DPCA算法构造特征空间,将分块矩阵在特征空间中进行投影得到训练样本识别特征,利用支持向量机(SVM)在分类上的优势,对训练样本识别特征和经过归一化分块2DPCA的测试样本识别特征进行分类,对人脸图像进行识别.选取ORL人脸数据库的图片进行实验,将该算法与传统2DPCA、2DPCA+SVM等算法进行比较,验证了该算法的性能优于其它算法.     

单样本人脸识别中一种新的图像增强方法

目前有许多处理正面视觉人脸的识别方法,当有充分数量的有代表性的样本时,能取得较好的识别效果。然而当处理单样本识别问题时,现有的许多方法识别率将明显下降或甚至不适用。本文提出一种新的基于奇异值分解的训练图像增强的单样本人脸识别方法。为了从单训练样本中获取更多的信息,训练样本与其受扰动的少数较大的奇异值的重构图组合成新样本。然后进行Fourier变换,将Fourier频谱作为人脸识别特征,ORL人脸库上的实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

融合整体与局部特征的低秩松弛协作表示

目前的人脸识别算法经常忽视训练过程中噪声的影响,训练数据受到污染时识别性能会明显下降.针对该问题,提出了融合整体与局部特征的低秩松弛协作表示的人脸识别算法.通过低秩分解抑制训练样本的稀疏噪声,得到更加有效的人脸信息.利用松弛协作表示得到判别性更强的编码系数,增强人脸识别系统的判别性.为进一步提高识别率,提取局部特征的同时引入整体特征,运用整体特征和局部特征共同表示人脸图像.实验结果表明,尽管训练过程、测试过程都受到噪声污染,提出的算法对有光照、遮挡及表情变化的正面人脸图像的识别具有很好的鲁棒性,比现有的识别算法拥有更高的识别率.     

一种用于人脸识别的有监督核化多类多流形ISOMAP算法

在核等测距映射（kernel ISOMAP）和多类多流形ISOMAP算法的基础上,提出一种针对人脸识别任务的有监督核化多类多流形ISOMAP算法.该算法保持了kernel ISOMAP算法的泛化特性,同时又能完成分类任务,解决了ISOMAP-C在对具有高维小样本特性的人脸数据集识别时,所要调整的神经网络权值数目将随输入维度呈指数增长,且易出现过拟合现象的问题.在多种人脸数据集上的实验结果表明了该算法的有效性,且对训练样本集的大小有较好的鲁棒性.     

CLAHE低频DCT系数重变换在人脸识别中的应用

针对光照变化显著影响自动人脸识别系统性能的问题,为了规范化光照变化以提高人脸识别率,提出基于对比度限制自适应直方图均衡化CLAHE(Contrast Limiting Adaptive Histogram Equalization)的低频离散余弦变换DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)系数重变换算法。首先将图像划分成多个互不重叠的局部小块,使用CLAHE对局部小块进行局部对比拉伸以实现去噪;然后,通过缩减适当数目的低频DCT系数来消除人脸图像中的光照变化;最后,利用核主成分分析进行特征提取,稀疏系数重建和k-近邻分类器完成最终的人脸识别。在扩展Yale B及AR人脸数据库上的实验验证了算法的有效性。实验结果表明,算法在识别非常困难的Yale B子集5上的识别率可高达98.20%,相比其他几种规范化技术,该算法取得了更高的识别率,同时大大降低了识别所耗时间。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate