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软件工作量估算的方法和技术众多且各有千秋,没有一种方法被证明在各种情况下的估算都是最精确的.组合估算是一种非常有效的估算方法,它避免了选择单一的最优估算方法这一难题,而是充分利用各种估算方法提供的信息来达到提高估算精确度和稳定性的目的.将系统的"外部"组合预测方法介绍到软件工作量估算领域,基于最具代表性的组合估算方法:最优线性组合方法,提出了软件工作量估算的最优线性组合方法,该方法中即使是估算效果"较差"的技术或者方法也能为估算精度和稳定性的提高做出贡献. 相似文献
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蠕动爬行式拱泥机器人的位置检测方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于倾角传感器 ,提出了蠕动爬行式拱泥机器人的位置检测方案、位置估算方法 ,编制了位置估算和误差计算程序 ,并对估算结果进行了分析 ,证实这种估算方法是可行的。 相似文献
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为了提高三角网格模型的顶点法矢计算的准确度和稳定性,提出了一种改进的基于三角形形状修正的法矢估算方法,并首先对具有代表性的5种顶点法矢估算方法进行了分析,通过比较各估算方法在顶角、面积等权重方面的处理特点及存在的缺陷,提出了一种评价因子对三角形形状质量进行量化,且在理论上给予了证明;然后据此对顶点法矢估算方法进行了改进;最后利用规则和不规则的二次曲面网格模型进行了实验验证,并以顶点法矢误差的算术平均值和标准方差来分别评价各种估算方法估算结果的准确度和稳定性。实验结果证明,该新方法较其他估算方法估算的顶点法矢精度更高,稳定性更好。 相似文献
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神经网络用于复杂产品成本估算方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
讨论了传统成本估算方法在成本管理中的弊端,总结了成本估算方法的研究现状和神经网络应用于成本估算方法的国内外研究现状,提出了应用神经网络在产品全生命周期的早期估算复杂产品成本的方法,给予了案例数据,并分析了实验输出的回归分析结果,实验证明,神经网络方法更有效,精度更高。 相似文献
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随着面向对象和软件复用技术的发展。产生了一种新的基于构件的软件开发方法,被广大软件开发人员普遍看好,发展很快。为了解决基于构件的软件开发成本估算的问题。结合构件的复用成本公式。在分析基于构件的软件开发方法特点的基础上提出了一种基于构件仿真的软件成本估算方法。利用分解法的思想,以传统开发方法的成本为基础,将基于构件的软件开发过程分成若干阶段,分别估算各阶段的成本,最终得到估算结果,为基于构件的软件开发成本估算提供了一个较好方法。最后给出了对该估算方法的评价,指出了今后研究的重点。 相似文献
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软件项目策划中的工作量估算方法探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章对软件项目策划中工作量的估算方法进行了探讨,并重点介绍了一种基于组织经验和项目的实际情况来确定估算系数并进行工作量估算的方法,旨在为软件企业进行工作量估算、实行过程改进提供参考和帮助。 相似文献
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为了得到软件项目可靠的成本和工作量的估算,有很多选择,分解技术和经验模型是也可行的办法。文章通过对分解技术和经验模型中常使用的估算方法分别做了定义。最后通过对一个机械CAD软件进行估算,比较了分解技术的估算方法和经验估算模型中的软件方程式模型结果,理想的情况是同时使用多种技术,相互进行交叉调和,能得到更精确地估算。 相似文献
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《Information and Software Technology》2007,49(8):827-837
The purpose of this research was to fill a gap in the literature pertaining to the influence of project uncertainty and managerial factors on duration and effort estimation errors. Four dimensions were considered: project uncertainty, use of estimation development processes, use of estimation management processes, and the estimator’s experience. Correlation analysis and linear regression models were used to test the model and the hypotheses on the relations between the four dimensions and estimation errors, using a sample of 43 internal software development projects executed during the year 2002 in the IT division of a large government organization in Israel. Our findings indicate that, in general, a high level of uncertainty is associated with higher effort estimation errors while increased use of estimation development processes and estimation management processes, as well as greater estimator experience, are correlated with lower duration estimation errors. From a practical perspective, the specific findings of this study can be used as guidelines for better duration and effort estimation. Accounting for project uncertainty while managing expectations regarding estimate accuracy; investing more in detailed planning and selecting estimators based on the number of projects they have managed rather than their cumulative experience in project management, may reduce estimation errors. 相似文献
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AME Cuelenaere MJIM van Genuchten FJ Heemstra 《Information and Software Technology》1987,29(10):558-567
Calibration, has been found to be difficult in practice. Wide experience in using the estimation model is necessary; experience which the beginner naturally lacks. This paper indicates why it is important to calibrate a model and how the inexperienced user can be helped by an expert system. In addition, the development of, and experience with, the prototype of an expert system are described. The system dealt with here is intended for the calibration of the PRICE SP estimation. 相似文献
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软件成本准确地估算和管理控制是软件项目开发成功的基础。该文分析了影响软件开发成本估算准确性的因素,并详细介绍了IBM模型、Putnam模型和COCOMO模型三种经验估算模型,探讨了软件开发成本估算的新需求。 相似文献
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Jorgensen M. Molokken-Ostvold K. 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2004,30(12):993-1007
This study aims to improve analyses of why errors occur in software effort estimation. Within one software development company, we collected information about estimation errors through: 1) interviews with employees in different roles who are responsible for estimation, 2) estimation experience reports from 68 completed projects, and 3) statistical analysis of relations between characteristics of the 68 completed projects and estimation error. We found that the role of the respondents, the data collection approach, and the type of analysis had an important impact on the reasons given for estimation error. We found, for example, a strong tendency to perceive factors outside the respondents' own control as important reasons for inaccurate estimates. Reasons given for accurate estimates, on the other hand, typically cited factors that were within the respondents' own control and were determined by the estimators' skill or experience. This bias in types of reason means that the collection only of project managers' viewpoints will not yield balanced models of reasons for estimation error. Unfortunately, previous studies on reasons for estimation error have tended to collect information from project managers only. We recommend that software companies combine estimation error information from in-depth interviews with stakeholders in all relevant roles, estimation experience reports, and results from statistical analyses of project characteristics 相似文献
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R.P. King 《Automatica》1974,10(1):5-14
A computer control strategy for an operating metallurgical process is described in this paper. A real process is modelled by a set of stochastic differential equations with state-dependent noise, and a practical non-linear filter is developed for the estimation of the model parameters and the state variables. A separation principle is invoked and a sub-optimal control strategy is implemented. Operating experience has shown that the estimation and control algorithms are effective. 相似文献
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软件测算是软件开发工程化管理的重要技术。但软件本身的复杂性、历史经验的缺乏、估算工具不完备性以及人为错误,导致软件项目的估算结果往往和实际情况相差甚远。为了改进测算结果,根据软件生命周期理论,结合COCOMOⅡ模型,指出了软件开发模型中的关键测算点及相应可采用的测算方法,并且明确了软件测算人员应具备的素质要求及在典型的软件组织中的地位。最后通过实例,使用USC提供的一个免费软件测算工具对一个具体的软件项目进行测算,较好地控制开发过程。 相似文献
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